Sometimes there is a need for an autonomous, inexpensive security alarm, for example, for protection in a country house. The use of industrial designs in such cases may not be economically feasible.
What do we need from an alarm system?
- Reaction to intrusion, for example with a passive IR motion sensor
- Intrusion alert with siren. The notification should work for a short time (for example, 5 minutes) and then turn off.
- After triggering, the system should go into standby mode again. If necessary, it should operate multiple times.
- low current consumption for long-term (6 months) operation in standby mode.
To make such an alarm we will need:
Passive infrared motion sensor. For example, a sensor purchased from OBI is a light switch. Price about 300 rub.
12 V siren. In particular, a 105dB model was used, you can use any other. Price no more than 200 rub.
Other small items: Battery holder, 6 V relay, insulating tubes, wires.
So. We need to remake the motion sensor, switching it from 220V to 12V. A superficial analysis of the circuit showed that the circuit can operate with supply voltages from 7–8 V to 30 V. With a 12V supply, it is necessary to set the relay to a voltage of 6V. (12 volt does not work). Let's open the sensor. The spherical part is removed if you bend one of the supports. The halves are held on by latches.
We remove the board. As you can see, the sensor is a passive IR receiver that responds to changes in the amount of IR radiation incident on it and a simple optical system. Sensor viewing angle is 180 degrees.
The points on the left need to be powered. The “+” is the positive pole and the “-” is the negative pole from the power source. We will connect the relay coil to the points on the right. Remove the standard relay (black box).
Due to lack of space inside the spherical part of the sensor, it was decided to bring the relay through the wires into the base of the housing.
Power is supplied to the sensor through a switch. When the sensor is triggered, it supplies voltage to the relay coil. The relay is triggered and its closing contacts turn on the siren. Thanks to the relay, you can connect a large number of sirens.
View from below. The siren and batteries are connected via terminals. Bottom left relay. Top right switch.
Complete system. ATTENTION! Do not use the siren without protecting your ears; despite its small size, it is very loud and can cause hearing damage.
In the end it worked out. In accordance with the regulator on the sensor, you can set the operating time of the siren after activation. From 10 sec to 8 min. Install the sensor indoors and take the siren outside. Unfortunately, after power is applied, the sensor is triggered, so it is reasonable to move the siren switch to a secret place and turn it on 5 minutes after turning on the sensor. The switch can be operated with a key, like the ignition switch of a car.
The sensor turned out to be quite economical. According to the ammeter:
Standby current 700 µA
Trigger current 1.1 mA
Siren current 200mA
A simple calculation suggests that 3.1 Ah is needed to operate for 6 months. The capacity of the alkaline battery is about 2.5 Ah. Therefore, for the winter you need 16 alkaline batteries mixed together.
Testing in the freezer showed that the system works even at -32
Added later: given our turbulent times and the autonomy of the system, it can be used to build a security perimeter in nature around a tent, for example.
Tests at the dacha showed:
1. Glare from water causes false alarms
2. You can seal the sensor with pieces of isolette tape so that blind spots are formed.
This is the simplest type of country alarm. It consists of the housing of the sensor itself and an external permanent magnet. The body of the security device must be mounted on a door or window opening, the magnet must be attached to the window or door. When the window is closed, both housings are nearby, and the alarm contact in the reed switch is closed, as it is affected by the magnetic field. When a thief opens a window, the magnet moves away from the sensor body and an alarm signal is sent to the siren circuit.
GSM alarm system is designed to be used for remote monitoring of protected objects and notification of the owner of the dacha via GSM communication channels (mobile phone). GSM video surveillance of dachas creates a completely new level of security and control - via MMS, GPRS or 3G cameras. Now the owner of a garden plot will receive more information if the protection is triggered. Also, the owner of the dacha has irrefutable evidence of the incident in the form of pictures from a connected camera or recordings. In this collection we will consider several options for do-it-yourself gsm alarms.
If a wood stove or other gas equipment is installed in the country house, then it is advisable to take care of installing a gas detection sensor. By the way, it’s easy to make an alarm system based on it yourself.
Carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide, CO (not to be confused with CO2) is one of the most dangerous combustion products. It is part of almost any smoke and is released during the smoldering of absolutely all organic or carbon-containing compounds. This is a deadly gas and an alarm about its presence will be relevant both in the country and in a private home. Carbon monoxide has no odor at all, which negates its detection by the senses. A person can understand the presence of carbon monoxide in the inhaled air only from the first symptoms of poisoning, and in many cases this is already too late.
Using the popular Arduino board today, you can create a budget wireless alarm system for your home, apartment or cottage. At the same time, this alarm is very easy to repeat and is recommended for both beginner radio amateurs and more advanced Arduino users.
The principle of operation of laser signaling is as follows: when an object enters the area of effect of the beam, the laser stops illuminating the photodetector. The resistance of the latter increases sharply and the relay turns off. The relay contacts also turn off the laser. This is a variant of the simplest scheme. When a laser beam acts on a photoresistor, its resistance tends to zero, and when the laser is turned off, its resistance increases sharply and significantly. The photoresistor must be placed in a closed housing.
As observations of the operational reports of the Ministry of Internal Affairs show, the largest number of thefts from closed premises are committed through opening the door. Even the presence of a safe door with English locks will not provide complete protection. Therefore, to reduce the risk of theft, I recommend installing a homemade alarm on the door, which will play the role of active protection. And experienced thieves, seeing a homemade product, cannot know what it is capable of and will choose another object to attack. A country door alarm is an excellent option for additional protection of your country house from unwanted visitors.
There is no smoke without fire, as the old Russian proverb says. It is on this principle that fire detectors work to detect fire by smoke in a country house. The sensor contains a camera with a diode and a photodetector. When smoke enters it, the strength of the diode radiation changes, which serves as a signal for the fire detector to operate. The use of a smoke converter, compared to a temperature sensor, allows you to find out about a fire much earlier and, accordingly, allows the owner of the dacha to take measures to extinguish or save his property. Protecting your dacha from fire is an urgent option for any owner.
With the onset of spring, the owner of a summer cottage wants to quickly find out about possible flooding of the basement. Also, when supplying water to a country house, you want to be sure that there will be no leaks into the subfloor, since this will significantly reduce the service life of the floor joists.
Let's consider a diagram of a simple homemade country alarm system that can be used in various rooms or containers. For example, these signal sensors are very often used to detect possible flooding of a summer house basement or garage cellar with melt water or in the kitchen under the sink, etc.
www.texnic.ru
Do-it-yourself alarm system - for a summer residence, alarm scheme, description of the scheme
Dear visitors!!!
In the summer, many of us prefer to be at our dacha, secluded from the bustle of the city, spending our time growing vegetables, fruits and berries, and some are directly passionate about the work of beekeeping, that is, breeding bees and obtaining the final productive results - collection, sale of honey and technology for breeding bee colonies. But this topic has nothing to do with various hobbies, running your own household, and as you understand, we will talk here about security alarms, which are necessary for both:
- summer cottage;
- garden plot in a private house,
The same goes for protecting your beekeeping farm.
Description of the scheme
Here is a simple electronic circuit, parts of which are freely available in specialized stores. The diagram, as you can see, consists of:
- two transistors;
- resistor;
- batteries;
- push-button switch;
- capacitor
and dynamics.
To assemble this circuit you must have:
- n-p-n (T1) silicon transistor MP 111;
- silicon p-n-p transistor (T2) MP 40;
- MLT resistor from the BC series;
- paper capacitor 0.1 µF;
- speaker 1 GD-39
and a push-button switch (from a table lamp).
fence perimeter
A thin copper wire is stretched along the perimeter of the protected area (fence), the ends of which are connected, as shown in the diagram, to the input terminals (in). When the copper wire breaks, the speaker emits a sound signal. This signal can be changed by selecting the capacitance of the capacitor.
Elements for an electronic circuit
All the necessary elements that will be required during assembly and installation of elements on the circuit board are shown in the photographs:
silicon transistors
capacitor paper resistor MLT
4.5 Volt battery push-button switch
speaker 1GD-39 (from the radio)
To make a ready-made so-called motherboard yourself, the circuit itself (tracks) is applied directly to the printed circuit board blank - with nail polish. Everything else is etched with “ferric chloride” and your circuit is ready for mounting electronic elements; the necessary holes on the board are made with an awl.
That's all for now. Follow the section.
zapiski-elektrika.ru
How to make an alarm with your own hands at home?
In the modern world, it is almost impossible to do without security equipment - this is especially true for protecting your real estate from robbers who are constantly improving their methods of entering a house, apartment, cottage or garage. For such cases, electronic security systems in the form of alarms are effective. These security barriers minimize the likelihood of theft and allow the property owner to react in time to a dangerous situation. Today, many companies offer a wide selection of multifunctional alarms, as well as their installation and maintenance. Depending on the complexity of the security kit used, its cost will also depend, which can sometimes be quite high. If a home owner does not have the opportunity to purchase and install an expensive security kit, he thinks about how to make an alarm system with his own hands. It turns out that this is not such a difficult process - it is important to have at least a little understanding of electronics and electrical work, and making an alarm will not be difficult.
DIY door alarm option
Advantages of a homemade alarm
Despite the fact that a homemade alarm system is created at home, it has a number of advantages that allow it to compete with factory-made security systems.
Firstly, the simplest do-it-yourself home alarm system can be implemented even from improvised means that are available in the household. Almost every home has an unused mobile phone, elements of actuators for various household equipment, etc. If something is missing, you can buy it for pennies at any radio market. The financial costs of a security system created at home are minimal.
Secondly, a homemade alarm can be easily changed in design at any time and modernized to suit changing operating conditions at the site. Not every factory security system can do this.
Flaws
No matter how good your security alarm project is, it is not without its drawbacks. The main ones include the following:
- lack of built-in protection systems against various devices that are used by attackers to disable alarms;
- the inability to connect such devices to security systems of security companies;
- It is difficult to independently implement complex security configurations that include a wide range of security and functional sensors and actuators;
- a homemade simple alarm system does not support the ability to conduct audio and video monitoring from a protected object;
- Without basic knowledge of electronics, you won’t be able to make your own security system.
What types of alarms can you make yourself?
At home, you can independently implement several options for security systems that will solve specific problems in protecting real estate.
- Motion sensor based alarm
A simple alarm for an apartment with your own hands can be created on the basis of a conventional motion sensor, which is equipped with lighting systems installed in entrances and on landings. If you connect a siren to such a sensor instead of a lighting element, you will get a basic security system that will sound a warning that someone is in the protected area.
Alarm based on motion sensor with battery
- Alarm systems based on ready-made kits
For those who don’t want to rack their brains about how to make a homemade alarm and what devices to use for this, you can use ready-made kits that are sold on every radio market. You will only need to draw up a diagram of the protected areas and purchase the appropriate sensors and actuators for this. In the future, you will have to install the purchased elements and configure them to perform the appropriate security functions.
- Alarm based on magnetic contact sensors
For those who are thinking about how to make an alarm system at home that will respond to the opening of doors and windows, the option of magnetic contact sensors will be the optimal solution. A distinctive feature of such sensors is that they include two elements - the sensor base itself and a magnet, which must be in direct contact. As soon as this contact is broken, the light and sound device connected to the sensor will be activated.
Alarm circuit based on magnetic contact sensors
- Mobile phone based alarm
Using an old, unused cell phone, a highly effective homemade security alarm can be created using GSM communication capabilities. With the help of such a security system, it will be possible not only to activate the actuators connected to it, but also to notify the owner of the house about the danger through a mobile communication channel, sending an SMS message to his mobile device or making a call.
Mobile phone based alarm circuit
- Burglar alarm simulators
For those who do not know how to make an alarm with their own hands and temporarily cannot afford to purchase a ready-made one, they can install a simulator of the presence of a security system. To implement the elementary circuit of an alarm simulator, you only need an LED indicator, two AA batteries, a current-limiting resistor and a housing for the location of the listed elements. The glow of the LED will indicate that the object is under guard - this should scare away thieves. But relying on security with such a dummy for a long time is not worth it - it’s better to figure out how to make an alarm yourself or buy it in a store.
LED dummy circuit
A simple alarm system for a home can be built using the following set of devices:
- a set of sensors - for a simple security system, these can be motion control devices at the site, as well as opening sensors;
- siren and light-emitting devices - they will signal the activation of the security sensor;
- regular switch - used to turn off the alarm;
- autonomous power sources - these can be batteries or rechargeable batteries that will support the operation of the alarm system in the absence of power in the external network;
- mobile phone – needed when creating a security alarm for a home with the function of notifying the owner on his mobile device;
- a set of tools for installation work, conductors, mounting elements - with their help, the assembly and installation of an alarm system at home will be carried out.
Alarm creation process
The beginning of work on developing your own security system should begin with the creation of a project for the future alarm system. It will depend on him how to make a home alarm system so that it provides protection to all potentially dangerous areas. After drawing up a detailed plan, you should take care of the availability of the required devices and parts, some of them may be at home, and some will have to be purchased.
At the initial stage, the appropriate sensors are installed around the perimeter of the object, as planned in the project.
Note!
In order for the security alarm to perform its functions when they are triggered, actuators and mechanisms are connected to the sensors.
They can be connected through a specially prepared circuit, which includes an electronic turn-on delay timer and switching relays. In this case, the DIY security system will not work immediately, but after a set period of time, which is necessary so that the owner of the apartment can disarm it. For this procedure, you need to install a regular push-button switch, which must be located in a hidden place so that the thief cannot independently disable the security before the siren turns on.
One option for creating an alarm yourself:
If a do-it-yourself alarm is created for notification via a cellular network, then the sensors must be connected via a mobile phone, which, in parallel with the activation of the siren, will send an alarm signal to the owner.
Why is it beneficial to use a homemade alarm system?
By designing and creating an alarm system with your own hands, the user adapts it as much as possible to the specific operating conditions in his home, as well as to the tasks solved by the security system. Not every ready-made alarm from the kit can be optimally suited to specific conditions, and it is not always possible to upgrade it.
conclusions
The simplest DIY alarm system can be created in a fairly short time with minimal financial costs. But the protective effect it provides is quite high. This guarantees the owner the confidence that his property is not in danger.
bezopasnostin.ru
How to make a security alarm for your home with your own hands
Every person wants to live as comfortably and safely as possible. The desire to protect your home as much as possible from the entry of others is natural and reasonable. Therefore, technical methods of preventing cases of property theft through the use of security alarm systems are popular.
The development of microprocessor technologies, control devices, video surveillance and communications are making them increasingly accessible for security purposes for domestic purposes. However, attackers are also studying them, looking for effective ways to block or control them. Our tips will help the home craftsman securely and secretly install a security alarm system with his own hands for a house or apartment, disguising them from the view of a potential thief.
Principles of creating a security alarm
A few decades ago, a security alarm system worked using limit switches connected by wires to a power source and light or sound displays, but now it is a complex of various technical systems that operate autonomously and automatically. Security is created to notify the property owner of unauthorized entry into his area in order to take effective measures to suppress the crime.
For this purpose, approaches to protected property are divided into the following stages:
- access route control zone;
- fence, structural elements of the building: basement, walls, roof, windows, doors;
- interior rooms.
To implement them, a security alarm system is created, consisting of:
Each of these components, working autonomously, provides its own specific security and control tasks.
Methods of monitoring the security zone
Detector sensors react to the penetration of unauthorized persons in various ways:
- video surveillance;
- control of acoustic signals;
- a break or change in the state of the electrical circuit;
- mechanical impact and other means.
Detectors can be triggered by:
- electrical contact;
- magnetic field changes;
- shock mechanical impact;
- piezoelectric effect;
- capacitive current;
- optical-electrical conversion;
- sound or ultrasonic testing;
- combinations of several signals and other methods.
Surveillance sensors monitor the object:
- a certain amount of space;
- surface parts;
- access line segment;
- pointwise.
Reed switches - magnetic contact security sensors
So-called magnetic locks can often be found in store windows and on the entrance doors of premises. They allow you to attach the sensor with contacts and wires to permanently installed elements, and the adjacent magnet to the opening doors.
Security alarm sensors of this type are long outdated: they are mounted in a visible place, and it is easy for attackers to use an additional magnet, which will block the operation of the detector with its field.
Glass break sensors
Showcases and large glass windows attract intruders because they can be relatively easily broken and penetrate through the resulting opening into the security area.
To signal such actions, detectors are created that respond to:
- mechanical shocks;
- squeezing out with jacks;
- heating glass with blowtorches.
The sensor is mounted, as can be seen in the figure above, directly on the controlled surface, which transmits mechanical or sound waves. They are detected by electric detectors of shock-contact and piezoelectric types.
Passive type sound sensors distinguish between two control modes:
- low frequency caused by the impact of a hard object;
- high frequency from flying fragments.
Infrared sensors
Two principles are used to work:
- passive temperature control of the security zone;
- active tracking of the state of a free segment in space.
Passive detectors
The work occurs through constant comparison of the temperature gradient in the directed zone. The appearance of a person or domestic animals in it is quite enough to send a signal.
Attackers, knowing the area or location of passive infrared sensors, manage to bypass them by wearing protective suits that block thermal radiation from the body. The firefighter's outfit is quite suitable for these purposes.
Active detectors
The receiver and transmitter of infrared signals in the security zone work in an integrated manner, constantly monitoring the passage of the control beam.
Since it is indistinguishable to the human eye, it can only be bypassed by knowing exactly its location or using special optical equipment.
Radio wave detectors
The operating principle of such a security zone is based on the emission of electromagnetic waves into the room and the simultaneous reception of signals reflected from the signals located inside it. At the same time, they are constantly compared.
When movement is detected in the controlled space, the balance between the adding signals is disrupted and a command is issued to trigger the sensor.
However, the disadvantage of this control method is that attackers, knowing about the presence of a radio wave detector, can simply move slowly in its area.
Capacitive sensors
The detector is tuned to the capacitive charge of the surrounding space and is balanced with the electromagnetic fields around it. When the human body finds itself in the zone of its influence, it destroys the created balance with its capacity. The sensor detects this moment and is triggered.
An attacker, when he knows about the principle of operation and the location of the capacitive sensor in the security system, blocks its action using electrical protective equipment of electrical personnel. A hard hat, rubber gloves, electrician's suit and specialized shoes will prevent it from triggering.
Combined type sensors
The use of several methods for detecting intrusion into a protected facility significantly complicates the actions of criminals. For example, the combination of a radio wave and a passive ultrasonic detector is still considered quite difficult to hack. Such a security zone is very difficult to overcome.
However, attackers are constantly studying all the technical subtleties of newly introduced security systems and carefully developing measures to bypass and control them. This fact must be taken into account in your practical activities.
When using any security alarm, the main attention is focused on its hidden installation, closed installation, and the maximum limitation of persons who know about its operation. After all, even close people and family members can accidentally spill the beans and provide useful information to potential criminals.
Methods of operation of unauthorized access alarms
These devices can be assigned the following functions:
- scare away an intruder approaching a protected object by giving a light signal or blaring a siren;
- promptly notify the owner and security service about the entry of strangers into the restricted area so that emergency detention measures can be taken by the police team;
- or comprehensively solve several other control or security tasks.
Wired and wireless home communications, including Internet technologies, allow you to instantly transfer information to the owner of the building.
Logic block operation
It is created taking into account the effective use of the functions of the selected detector and siren for the contour tasks of protecting a private house or apartment.
If previously such systems were made by a home craftsman with his own hands from improvised materials using electronic circuits published in textbooks, now similar designs are available for sale with a fairly wide range of possibilities.
They are easy to customize to meet the individual requirements of local security using accessible programming tools. The operating algorithm includes all processes of receiving, processing, transmitting and recording monitored information.
Types of communication channels
Depending on the conditions of use, wired channels or wireless technologies based on the transmission and reception of radio waves are used.
It should be taken into account that the reliability of their operation depends on the quality of the electrical energy supply, its reliability and proper safe operation. Once an intruder turns off the power to the house, the security alarm will be disabled.
To prevent this from happening, alternative power sources or autonomous power supply from batteries or accumulators are used.
However, rechargeable batteries require constant monitoring of their technical condition and proper recharging during operation. Otherwise, they can also let you down by playing along with the attacker.
Security alarm from China
Well-known online stores in China provide a wide selection of electronic products for security purposes. Their kit includes:
- Control block;
- various designs of detectors;
- additional accessories.
This composition should be studied and carefully analyzed before purchase.
Control module
Its appearance and composition of functions are repeated and at the same time different in different models.
On the front surface are usually located:
- information display display;
- push-button command input switches;
- built-in speaker and microphone jacks.
Under the rear cover there is:
Equipment manufacturers make control modules in a beautiful case, which can simply be hung on a screw or secured with adhesive tape to the wall near the front door. This convenience could end badly.
When an intruder enters an apartment, the first thing he will do is look for the place where the security alarm is installed. He will try to quickly disable it: tear it off its mount, throw it into the water, for example. Keep your secrets secret!
Detector
Structurally, the operating principle of the main types of sensors is described above, and their appearance is shown in the picture.
Inside the conveniently shaped case there is a battery and electronic boards with mode switches.
In addition to the security function, the alarm set can include other detector sensors, for example, water leaks or even light for a twilight switch. In this matter, each apartment owner or home master himself determines the list of necessary functions for his own needs.
Additional accessories
The following may be included as separate accessories:
- various sirens;
- remote control key fobs.
Sirens and spotlights
Due to their small dimensions, sound alarms can be hidden in the interior of rooms or niches of staircases, where they will fulfill their purpose - to scare off intruders and prevent cases of theft.
Small-sized floodlights have sufficient lighting power for a private home.
Keychain for security
Mobile control panels with small dimensions are convenient to store in a pocket or bag.
They allow you to control the operating modes of equipment from different places, for example, to turn off the motion sensor when your people are in the room, and leave the window and door sensors in operation.
How to set up a security alarm
The factory instructions determine the sequence of actions for putting each kit into operation
Antenna installation
If the logic block module uses an external antenna rather than a built-in one, then a special socket is installed for it.
The connection is made into this connector.
How to insert a SIM card
Installing a SIM card is fully consistent with the actions that we perform on a smartphone or mobile phone.
Getting started
When the power comes from the 220 network, you need to connect the adapter, and then move the toggle switch to the ON position.
Communication settings
You will need to “bind” the individual SIM card number to the control unit. To do this, use the factory password, for example, 8888 and the SMS sending mode.
Then connect an external siren and check the passage of signals between the blocks, starting from each detector by receiving an SMS on a mobile phone.
Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that all actions with the security alarm must be kept secret and not disclosed to unauthorized persons. We specifically showed that attackers quickly find hacking tools for any technical innovation.
Installing a GSM security alarm in a country house, garage or private house allows you to ensure the safety and security of property. Control is carried out via telephone, and to install it yourself you need to master all the features of the system.
Operating principle of GSM alarm
GSM signaling is a complex of devices that are interconnected by the GSM network and interact via a signal. Elements of the complex are installed on site, and control and reception of signals is carried out using a landline or mobile phone located by the owner. This way you can receive alarm notifications about unauthorized people entering a protected facility. The system is controlled using the same principle, but to do this you need to send the necessary signal from your phone. As a result of this, fire extinguishing systems can be activated at the facility, electronic locks and other elements can be controlled.
Scope of application of the security system
Security systems operating via the GSM network are diverse and widely used in private homes, garages, and cottages. The use of car alarms is effective, but such a system differs significantly from the complex for real estate. Small remote warehouses, production facilities or other structures can be easily equipped with similar devices. A functional alarm allows you to respond in a timely manner to a fire or damage to property, and prevent other unpleasant actions by intruders.
Depending on the model, the devices perform the following functions:
- ensuring fire safety of a cottage, garage or other facility;
- monitoring the availability of electricity in the network;
- monitoring leaks and shutting off water valves;
- gas pipeline leak control and system shutdown;
- activation of the siren, as well as heating or watering in the area;
- listening to the premises;
- room temperature control.
The complex of devices can include various sensors, for example, to monitor the integrity of window glass or smoke sensors. This allows you to vary the functionality of the security system. Therefore, the GSM complex is optimal not only for a summer house, garage or private house, but is also used for greenhouses, private buildings under construction and other structures.
Device components for home and garden
A simple alarm option does not require the presence of complex devices, which allows you to create a security system yourself. In this case, it is necessary to understand the operating principle of the entire complex. As a result, you can create an effective GSM alarm system for your dacha or garage with your own hands. This makes it easy to avoid the cost of purchasing expensive equipment.
The following components will be needed for the alarm:
- a simple push-button mobile phone in working condition;
- ready-made sensor or reed switch + magnet;
- switch;
- installation wire;
- soldering iron and solder;
- SIM card.
DIY system assembly
The security system complex assumes the presence of a control unit with outputs for sensors and sirens. The occurrence of emergency situations triggers commands that are pre-programmed. For example, if the integrity of window glass in a house is damaged, the system is able to send an SMS message to the owner. Listening to everything that happens in the house is also possible when calling a unit located in a guarded house.
First you need to determine what type of sensors are needed at the site. Devices that detect damage to window glass and are also sensitive to smoke and increased air temperature are in demand. Special motion sensors are also installed on the front door. After determining the types of devices, their location is selected.
The work package includes the following stages:
Video: alarm with motion sensor
A simple system with a minimum of parts is convenient, but a motion-sensitive alarm system is more effective. The system is easy to create with your own hands, and video recommendations allow you to master the work process.
Time relay system
GSM alarm schemes with time relays are different, but simple options are easy to create with your own hands. In this case, a relay is necessary for the siren to sound, and the design may contain either two or one such element. In the first case, one relay activates the sound alert, and the other element turns it off after a set time period. The element has two groups of contacts. If one relay is present, deactivation is carried out manually, that is, with the alarm disable button.
Video instructions for creating a time relay
GSM alarm system, equipped with a time relay, is functional and convenient. A video that presents installation features allows you to master the rules and principle of operation of the relay.
Disadvantages of a homemade system
Simple assembly, cost-effectiveness, easy operation and the ability to increase functionality are the advantages of a homemade alarm system for a summer house, garage or private home. The system is not without drawbacks, which are expressed in the following:
- easy blocking of the alarm by unauthorized persons;
- malfunctions occur quite often;
- a large set of functions requires correct installation of each element;
- a complex system requires careful planning.
Reviews from experts
Experts' opinions on the effectiveness of homemade devices vary. The location of the facility, as well as the type of system, is important. The presence of a siren often makes an alarm a method of scaring off intruders, but before creating a system it is worth taking into account the feedback of specialists. Commentary on the effectiveness of homemade devices is sparse, but contains some key points.
When installing an alarm in an apartment with pets, it is worth considering the reviews of experts:
Motion sensors can be adjusted to a specific response height. If your cat does not playfully jump to a height of 2 meters, and the attacker does not climb on his belly (you can’t even open a closet in this position!), then an alarm is completely justified. The main thing is that the installation is carried out by specialists who understand the subject well.
Andrey Kotousov
Motion sensors can be configured to trigger only if an object larger than a certain size moves in the room. It can be configured so that when moving an object less than 10 kilograms, there will be no triggers. My relatives have an alarm system in their apartment, including motion sensors. They have 2 cats that walk all over the apartment, and there were only 2 false alarms, and both times when the cats knocked over massive objects (once their 4-story house), the 2nd carpet was rolled up in the corner. So the main thing is to configure it correctly...
Mikhail Karpovhttps://otvet.mail.ru/question/82855068
DIY project: yes or no?
There is no need to create a project when installing a homemade GSM alarm system. This is due to the fact that the system includes a minimum number of elements that are easily connected and interact with each other. In this case, it is worth determining the location of the main unit, as well as the placement areas of all sensors. A schematic representation of the entire system allows you to quickly make an alarm yourself.
Laser alarm
A homemade laser alarm system is an effective security system that is easy to operate. This uses more complex components than for GSM signaling. For example, a laser source, resistors and other elements are needed. The principle of operation of such a security system is that when the laser beam is interrupted, the voltage at one of the terminals drops below the reference voltage at the other terminal. In this case, the voltage level at the output of the first operational amplifier increases, and the resulting pulse can be used to turn on a siren, spotlight and other devices.
Scheme selection
The alarm, the action of which is based on a laser beam, is created according to the scheme. There are many options of varying complexity. The choice depends on your electronics skills. For example, an effective system with a timer is quite simple and is actively used to protect private objects.
System creation
To install a laser alarm with your own hands, you need to prepare a BT169 thyristor, laser, LED light bulb, capacitor, 47k resistors, photoresistor or LDR. Installation includes the following stages of work:
Advantages and disadvantages
Laser signaling has such advantages as efficiency, long range, reliability and rapid response to emergency situations. To create a system with your own hands, you need simple elements that are easy to purchase. The source of the laser beam is a regular pointer that produces a beam of red or another color. The ready-made device makes the assembly process simple.
The alarm system has such disadvantages as the complexity of the assembly circuit, which requires knowledge and skills in the field of electronics. It is important to correctly install and connect additional elements in the form of a timer or other devices to the system.
Video: installation of laser alarm
Detailed video instructions allow you to master all the features of self-assembly. At the same time, the alarm will be economical, high-quality and effective in use.
A GSM security system or a laser complex allows you to ensure the safety of property and the safety of the facility. It is easy to create a system with your own hands for a cottage or garage, but it is important to follow the installation rules and use high-quality components.
The protection of private property has always been a pressing problem. Nowadays, there are many ways to protect your valuables or home: you can hire security, install an alarm, insure, etc., etc. But what to do if these methods are too expensive in relation to the property being protected, but you still don’t want to leave it unattended, for example, a dacha. The author will tell you how he found a way out of this situation by making an autonomous security alarm with his own hands!
What we will need to create an alarm:
1) Passive IR motion sensor (necessary for the system to respond to intrusion)
The author bought a light switch for 300 rubles.
2) 12 volt siren (needed to notify of intrusion)
In this case, a power of 105dB was used, but as you understand, this depends only on your desire. The cost is about 200 rubles.
3) Battery holder
4) 6 V relay,
5) insulating tubes,
6) wires.
7) the batteries themselves.
So let’s analyze what we need from the alarm itself.
The alert should work for a short time and turn itself off after a certain period of time, and then work again in standard standby mode. The system must be able to operate repeatedly. Not a high voltage current, for long-term operation (at least half a year).
Let's start with remaking the motion sensor; you need to convert it from 220V power supply to 12V.
Having analyzed the circuit, it becomes clear that it is capable of operating even with a power supply from 8 V to 30 V. Actually, with the 12 V power supply we require, we must set the relay to 6 V. Let's start disassembling the sensor. The spherical part can be removed if one of the supports is bent. The element is fastened with latches.
After removing the board, it is observed that the sensor is nothing more than a passive IR receiver, the reaction of which is associated with a change in the power of IR radiation incident on it and a simple optics system. Sensor viewing angle is 180 degrees.
Next, you need to power the points that are on the left. Negative and positive charges correspond to the charges of the power source (plus +, minus -).
The points on the right are needed to connect the relay winding. And the standard relay installed on the sensor (it looks like a black box) must be removed.
Since there is not enough space inside the spherical shell of the sensor, it was decided to output the relay to the base of the housing through wires.
The power itself is supplied to the sensor through the switch, and when the system is triggered, power is also supplied to the relay. Which in turn leads to the activation of a siren, notifying us of intrusion.
By the way, the number of possible connected sirens is not limited.
As you can see below, the siren and the batteries are connected to the system via terminals. Above and to the right is the switch, and at the bottom left is the relay itself.
And so we assembled our security system!
ATTENTION! Protect your ears before testing your siren! Otherwise, you may damage your hearing, which is naturally undesirable. And don't let the siren's small size fool you, it is really very loud.
What did we do? Thanks to the regulator, it is possible to set on the sensor the time that the siren will operate after identifying entry into the protected area. The author got it from 10 seconds to 8 minutes.
The sensor is installed indoors (for example, at the door), and the siren is placed outside.
It is important to know that after power is applied, the siren goes silent, so the author suggests placing the switch in a place inconspicuous to the eye.
To operate the sensor for 6 months, 16 mixed alkaline batteries are enough.
The system has also been successfully tested in the freezer, which will ensure its excellent performance even in winter. at -30 degrees.
After the author installed the system at his dacha, he discovered:
1. Glare from water, unfortunately, can cause false alarms of the system
2. If the sensor is noticed, then attackers can cover it with duct tape, thereby creating blind spots.
There are many industrial security alarms that you can buy or simply contact a company that installs security alarms in your home or country house. An article for those who don't like to spend money. Homemade security alarm schemes there are also a lot but, basically, they require professional radio engineering knowledge and skills. Here we describe the principle and schemes of the simplest, yet reliable methods and autonomous intrusion protection devices.
The principle itself - upon penetration, a sound and (or) light alarm is activated - an old, proven method that deters thieves in 98%. By the way, not even the coolest alarm system, or even connecting to a security company’s remote control, will protect you 100%. It’s like a car - if it’s ordered, nothing can save it.
But let's not be so pessimistic. Such cases are very rare, especially if you are not an oil tycoon or the like, and you don’t have half your house (dacha) in diamonds, then you definitely won’t fall under the “order”. But ordinary thieves, who commit 99.9% of thefts, will never steal if the light (sound) alarm goes off. It is much easier and safer for them to find and clean out another object that is not equipped with anything - fortunately there are plenty of them and they have a huge choice. From these considerations it follows that it is not at all necessary to spend a lot of money on the purchase and installation of a security alarm, but by making and installing even the simplest, homemade one, you increase the safety of your acquired property, your nerves and your health by many orders of magnitude. The choice, of course, is yours - learn from the mistakes of others; when trouble comes to you, it will be too late.
For the simplest alarm It is enough to install intrusion sensors on doors and windows (a regular reed switch and magnet cost pennies) and connect them to the alarm circuit. The sensor is installed: a magnet on the moving part of the door or window, a reed switch on the non-moving part, so that the reed switch is closed when closed.
All reed switches are connected in series. The alarm will be triggered when the circuit breaks anywhere. Below is a general diagram of such a device.
Here:
I - detector (chain of security sensors),
Op. - siren (sound, light or combined)
P - control relay
VT - transistor (or thyristor)
R - resistor
S - switch for arming/disarming,
Cupr. - relay contacts that control the notification
Kbl. - self-locking contacts
+U - power supply
When the detector is triggered, the warning device is activated. The notification can be light, sound, or combined. In addition, with a little modification, the alarm signal can be transmitted to a remote control, mobile phone, etc.
A transistor is used to invert the sensor signal and does so as follows. While the detector contacts are closed, they close the base of the transistor to the common wire, the base current is zero, and the collector current, respectively, is also zero. When the alarm sensor contacts open through resistor R, the base current opens a transistor that turns on the relay.
You can use a diagram that shows how you can bring the described inverter to banal contacts and eliminate radio elements altogether.
When voltage is applied to the relay through the triggered (closed) contact of the alarm sensor, it is activated, turning on the control. the required system (notifications, data transmission). At the same time, another group of contacts blocks the sensor contacts and, regardless of its further state, keeps the relay in the activated state. You can now turn off the alarm by opening switch S. By closing this switch again, we will turn the alarm system back into standby mode. As you can see, everything is more than simple. However, such a circuit consumes slightly more energy, since the relay coil will be energized in security mode.
A significant drawback of this scheme is that when triggered, it can only be turned off manually. Therefore, such a scheme can be used in the immediate vicinity of a protected object, for example, a nearby garage, barn, etc.
Security alarm circuit with time relay
The basis for constructing the following security alarm circuits a time relay K2 of type RVP72-3-221-ОOU4 or similar is taken, which has two groups of contacts, one of which - K2.1 - operates instantly, and the second - K2.2 - with an adjustable delay ranging from 1 to 180 seconds. The delay is set to 5-10 seconds so that when entering the premises the owner has time to turn off the alarm using the S3 button (installed in a hidden place) before the sound or light signal is activated. Complete disconnection of the alarm system from the network is carried out by switch S1 (toggle switch or any other for 220 V). The door position signal sensor is the S4 button (type KM2-1 or similar small-sized) installed on the door frame. Button S2 is installed in front of the door to the protected premises and it allows you to turn the alarm circuit into ARM mode after exiting. Relay K1 can be used of any type with an operating voltage of 220 V. For safety reasons, it is recommended to use a 12V or 24V relay.
In SECURITY mode, this circuit does not consume electricity, but when the alarm is triggered, the siren (or bell) will sound until the alarm is turned off by button S3 or toggle switch S1 inside the apartment. The same drawback as in the previous scheme.
To eliminate this drawback, the circuit must be supplemented with another short-circuit time relay, illogical to K2 (shown with a dotted line in the diagram). The response time of the KZ.1 contacts is set to a delay of 120-180 seconds. After this time, the alarm circuit will turn off the siren and will remain in this state until the ARM mode is turned on.
In the same way, you can make a simple car alarm yourself.
And another homemade alarm circuit uses only one time relay.
The sounding time of the siren (and/or light) is set in the relay. The circuit will go into standby ARM mode after a short-term de-energization of the circuit, after activation, or upon initial switching on.
S1 - toggle switch to turn on/off the security alarm;
S2 - toggle switch is used to temporarily disable the bell (or siren) while monitoring the operation of the security device
The circuit uses thyristor VS1, which ensures fire and electrical safety. There will be no life-threatening voltage on the security sensor circuit. This circuit allows you to connect many sensors in series to the security circuit. Sensors can be installed on window glass in the form of a strip of metal foil glued around the perimeter. They are triggered when the glass breaks. Naturally, any reed switches will do, in any quantity. All are connected in series into a common signal network. Before arming, check whether the windows are closed. All sensors, except the front door, must be in the closed position.
You can use a similar other thyristor. In this case, you may need to select resistor R1. Resistor type - PEV-10 or similar with a permissible power of 7...10 W. It is also possible to use several series-connected resistors of a lower value.
When the security sensor circuit breaks, relay K2 is triggered (the same as in the previous diagram) and its contacts K2.1 contact the self-blocking unit. Relay K1 is also activated, which will turn off after a specified time (120-180 seconds) by contacts K2.2.
Relay K1 allows you to connect a powerful output load. As a sound source, you can use any siren, for example SS-1 or any powerful bell at your discretion.
The HL2 indicator light and the S2 toggle switch are auxiliary and their use is optional and does not affect the operation of the circuit.
These are the simplest homemade security alarm schemes for a home, cottage or garage that anyone can assemble with their own hands.
Good luck in ensuring the safety of your property.