Do-it-yourself amateur radio circuits and homemade products.  Circuits for the home, do-it-yourself electronics for the house DIY electrical circuits

Making electronic homemade products with your own hands gained popularity in the last century, when semiconductor devices appeared. With their help, it was quite easy to assemble devices needed for everyday life from old equipment. Today, repair and assembly of equipment for the home or cottage, for a car or garage can also be solved at home.

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Homemade devices for home and garden

Electrical homemade products for home and garden that use the power of electricity can be made by every electrician. Most devices are created using factory components and require only school knowledge of electricity.

Electric kebab maker

The electric kebab maker can be either horizontal or vertical. Stores usually sell vertical ones, and they do their job well after some modification.

To create a horizontal barbecue grill you will need a heating element and a frame resembling a barbecue. The heating element can be made from a ceramic tube and a nichrome spiral wound around it. The tube is secured through an insulating material in a metal casing. Drawings will be required to assemble the case.

Barbecue grill

An equally interesting idea is a kebab grill with an electric drive for rotating skewers. By adding an electric motor to a regular grill, you can get an excellent device that will cook barbecue in autonomous mode. To organize the skewer drive, you can use a motor from windshield wipers, from a washing machine, or any other 12-volt motor. Using a system of pulleys and a belt or gear drive, the rotation of the shaft is transmitted to the skewers, and the meat is slowly turned over the coals.

Homemade WI-FI antenna

This antenna will improve the reception quality and Wi-Fi speed in your home. According to reviews, after connecting it, the signal level rises from 5 to 27 Mbit.

For production you need:

• a small metal sieve or colander;
• Wi-Fi adapter (USB);
• USB cable;
• drill;
• epoxy resin;
• camera tripod;
• plastic clamps.

Manufacturing process:

1. We drill a small hole (14 mm) in the center of the sieve and insert a metal pin into it to secure the adapter.
2. We insert the connector from the USB cable into the prepared hole and secure it with epoxy resin. The USB connector after gluing must be strictly perpendicular to the plane of the sieve, then the device will work more efficiently.
3. Then, using two zip ties, “ears” are made through which the cable is attached.
4. We fix the product on a camera tripod. We drill a hole with a diameter of 12 mm in the antenna and tighten it with a nut.

Necessary materials Insert the pin into the drilled hole Glue the USB cable Securing the cable Tripod Installing the antenna using a tripod

Electrical homemade products for the garage

Let's look at several useful DIY projects for the garage.

Homemade chandelier

If you have poor lighting in your garage, then a makeshift chandelier will be very useful. To make a bifurcating chuck, you will need a pair of angular chucks, which are sold at a regular hardware store.

Sequencing:

1. We remove the wires from the sockets and fasten them with a plastic tie. We get a socket for two lamps. All that remains is to connect them to the electrical network.
2. To do this, we use the base of a fluorescent lamp. Carefully break out the lamp, then solder the wires from our design to the contacts of the base.
3. We insulate them well and attach the base on top of the cartridges.

The use of ordinary light bulbs in this design is undesirable - the sockets may melt from heating.

LED device

Another lighting option could be a homemade LED lighting device.

To make it you will need:

• old fluorescent lamp;
• LED Strip Light;
• connecting wires.

The manufacturing sequence is as follows:

1. An LED strip is glued to the lamp body in one or several rows.
2. The connecting wires are connected and brought to the lamp switch.
3. The assembled device is tested.

Spot welding machine

A necessary device in the garage will be a homemade spot welding machine, the basis of which is a transformer from an old microwave oven. A necessary condition is that the transformer must be working in order not to rewind all the windings.

The process of assembling the welder is quite simple:

1. The transformer is dismantled.
2. Carefully remove the secondary winding.
3. Two shunts are removed.
4. A secondary winding of two or three turns is made of thick wire (with a diameter of at least 10 mm).
5. Electrodes for resistance welding are made from a copper rod with a diameter larger than the wires.

Homemade spot welding tool

Useful DIY items for fishing

Among the homemade products you can find many interesting ideas for use in camping conditions, as well as hunting and fishing.

Electronic alarm

An example would be an electronic signaling device for fishing with a regular fishing rod or other equipment. A simple biting device can be assembled in just half an hour. For it you will need an old beeper keychain and a strip of plastic 1-2 mm thick.

Alarm assembly:

1. The keychain is attached to the rod.
2. A strip of plastic is glued to the fishing line and inserted between the contacts of the key fob.

Now when the fish bites, the fish will pull the line, the plastic will fly out, the contacts will close and the key fob will work.

Underwater camera for ice fishing

Using a homemade underwater camera for winter fishing, you can see if there is fish under the hole. And this simplifies the fishing process.

To make it you will need:

• small camera;
• sealed camera box;
• small TV;
• car battery to power the camera;
• extension;
• inverter;
• lead for cargo;
• ultraviolet diodes for illumination during underwater shooting;
• superglue, electrical tape, sealant.

Build process:

1. Two holes are made in the upper part of the box. An extension cable is inserted through one. Through the second is the wire that connects the camera to the TV.
2. Several more holes are made in the box into which light bulbs are inserted for illumination. The wires from the light bulbs are soldered into one circuit (for example, with a parallel arrangement), which is connected to a cable that provides power.
3. The holes are sealed with glue and tape for a tight seal.
4. Lead is melted and small elongated bars are poured out of it. They are placed at the bottom of the box.
5. Set up the camera and connect it to the cable. After which it is carefully placed in the box so that it has a clear forward and horizontal direction and transmits a high-quality image. For stability, the chamber is surrounded by soft material.
6. A torso (rope, belt) is attached to the box, which will be used to lower the camera to depth. For convenience, you can combine it, the power cable and the communication wire between the video camera and the TV into one core, secured with electrical tape.
7. Connect the power cable of the video camera to the battery and test the device.

Homemade fish bait

You can make a good bait for fishing yourself. This will be a device assembled based on a simple multivibrator.

You will need:

• sound emitter, for example, from a children's toy;
• wires;
• a small plastic jar, for example, for medicinal tablets;
• electronic board;
• regulator with plastic rod;
• a piece of foam;
• batteries;
• weights for the float;
• volume control.

The bait is assembled as follows:

1. You need to solder the circuit and check it.
2. Two wires are soldered to the sound emitter. Then they are carried inside the case and connected to the board.
3. A regulator with a plastic rod is placed in the lid of the jar.
4. A dense circle cut out of foam plastic is installed on top of the board, which separates the board from the battery.
5. Weights are attached to the bottom of the jar so that the container floats on the water like a float.
6. The regulator sets the frequency and changes the sound.

Bait scheme - 1 Bait scheme - 2

Electronic homemade products for cars

Car enthusiasts create homemade products with their own hands to improve the appearance and ease of use of the car.

Electrical auto tester

A simple homemade electrical probe is perfect for a car. It can show the presence of a voltage of 12 volts in an electrical circuit. It is used to check the serviceability of relays, as well as light bulbs and other equipment. You can make such a device from a syringe and LEDs.

Assembly diagram:

1. Two LEDs are soldered with opposite terminals (plus one to the minus of the other and vice versa).
2. A steel probe is connected to one of the solders through a resistance of 300 Ohms. To the other solder there is a contact for batteries.
3. The design is inserted into the syringe so that the probe comes out of the hole for the needles. Most of the probe is insulated with a PVC pipe.
4. 4 LR44 batteries are inserted into the syringe so that one of the poles is connected to the LED contact.
5. The other pole of the batteries is connected to a flexible wire with an alligator clip.

The video explains how to make a syringe tester. Filmed by ILYANOV channel.

Light switch

The scheme for smoothly turning off the lights in the car interior is quite simple to manufacture. Such electronics are suitable for any car. A small board consisting of a capacitor and diodes is soldered parallel to the interior lamp terminals. The drop in electricity voltage will occur gradually and create the effect of a gradually fading light.

Car subwoofer

To make a car subwoofer with your own hands, you must first purchase a speaker. You need to start from its dimensions when calculating the size of the case.

The simplest and most suitable form of a subwoofer for the trunk is a truncated pyramid with a slope similar to that of the rear seats.

LED fog lights

You can make LED car fog lights with your own hands.

For creativity you will need:

• two ten-watt LEDs;
• 2 lenses from an old projector;
• gaskets from plastic pipes;
• LM317T microcircuits;
• resistors.

Instructions for assembling the craft:

1. LEDs are installed on pre-prepared aluminum radiators.
2. The structure is assembled from headlight housings, lenses from projectors, gaskets and diodes on radiators.
3. The fog lights are powered through current stabilizers on LM317T microcircuits and resistors.

Car carrying

A very convenient car carrier is made from a computer USB lamp. It is compact and you can connect the device to any place in the car wiring.

Manufacturing scheme:

1. Remove the contacts from the USB plug.
2. In the plug body we connect the wires of the lamp and the car alligator clips.
3. To mount it in the right place (even horizontally), a magnet is placed on the plug.

For those just starting to take their first steps into electronics, it is important to start somewhere. Well, we invite you to familiarize yourself with ideas that may come in handy in the future and at the same time give you an idea of ​​how something should be done. What to choose if you want to make simple ones with your own hands? Here are options that can be used in everyday life.

Simple power regulator for smooth switching of lamps

This type of device has found wide application. The simplest is a regular diode, which is connected in series with the load. Such regulation can be used to extend the life of an incandescent lamp, as well as to prevent overheating of the soldering iron. They can also be used to change power over a wide range of values. First, there will be the simplest DIY electronic crafts. You can see the diagrams here.

How to protect yourself from mains voltage fluctuations

This device turns off the load if the mains voltage is outside the permissible limits. As a rule, a deviation of up to 10% from the norm is considered normal. But due to the peculiarities of the energy supply system in our country, such limits are not always observed. So, the voltage can be 1.5 times higher, or much lower than necessary. The result is often unpleasant - the equipment fails. Therefore, there is a need for a device that will turn off the load before something has time to burn out. But when creating such a homemade product, you need to be careful, since the work will be carried out with considerable stress.

How to make a safety transformer

Transformerless power supplies are often used in various electronic designs. Typically, such devices have low power, and to avoid electrical injury, they are placed in an insulating plastic case. But sometimes they need to be configured, and then the security is broken. To avoid possible injury, use an isolating safety transformer. It will also be useful when repairing such devices. Structurally, they consist of two identical windings, each of which is designed for the network. As a rule, the power of transformers of this type ranges from 60-100 W, these are the optimal parameters for setting up various electronics.

Simple emergency lighting source

What should you do if you need to ensure that some area remains illuminated in the event of a power outage? The answer to such calls can be an emergency lamp made on the basis of a standard energy-saving lamp, the power of which does not exceed 11 Watts. So if you need light somewhere in the corridor, utility room or workplace, this homemade product will come in handy. Usually, if there is voltage, they operate directly from the mains. When it disappears, the lamp begins to function on battery power. When the mains voltage is restored, the lamp will work and the battery will automatically charge. The best electronic DIY projects have been left for the end of the article.

Boost power regulator for soldering iron

In cases where it is necessary to solder massive parts or the mains voltage often drops, using a soldering iron becomes problematic. And a step-up power regulator can help out of this situation. In these cases, the load (i.e., the soldering iron) is powered using rectified mains voltage. The change is carried out using an electrolytic capacitor, the capacitance of which allows you to obtain a voltage greater than 1.41 network voltage. So, with a standard voltage value of 220 V, it will give 310 V. And if there is a drop, say, to 160 V, then it will turn out that 160 * 1.41 = 225.6 V, which will allow for optimal operation. But this is just an example. You have the opportunity to make a scheme that is suitable specifically for your conditions.

The simplest twilight switch (photo relay)

As new parts are created, fewer components are now needed to make a device. So, for a regular twilight switch, only 3 of them are needed. Moreover, thanks to the versatility of the design, multi-purpose use is possible: in an apartment building; for lighting the porch or courtyard of a private home, or even a separate room. Pointing out the features of such a design as a twilight switch, it is also called a “photo relay”. You can find many implementation schemes that were made either by amateurs or industrialists. They have their own set of positive and negative properties. Negative properties are usually either the need for a constant voltage source or the complexity of the circuit itself. Also, when buying cheap and simple parts or entire sets, people often complain that they simply burn. The functionality of the scheme is based on three components:

1. Photocell. It is usually understood as photoresistors, phototransistors and photodiodes.
2. Comparator.
3. Triac or relay.

When there is daylight, the resistance of the photocell is low and does not exceed the response threshold. But as soon as it gets dark, the structure will be turned on at that very moment.

Conclusion

Here are some interesting electronic crafts you can make with your own hands. The main thing in cases where something doesn’t work out is to keep trying, and then everything will work out. And once you gain experience, you can move on to more complex schemes.

One of the common hobbies of amateurs and professionals in the field of electronics is the design and manufacture of various homemade products for the home. Electronic homemade products do not require large material and financial costs and can be done at home, since work with electronics is, for the most part, “clean”. The only exception is the manufacture of various body parts and other mechanical components.

Useful electronic homemade products can be used in all areas of everyday life, from the kitchen to the garage, where many are engaged in improving and repairing car electronic devices.

Homemade products in the kitchen

Kitchen electronics crafts can be a complement to existing accessories and fixtures. Industrial and homemade electric kebab makers are very popular among apartment residents.

Another common example of kitchen homemade products made by a home electrician is timers and automatic switching on of lights above work surfaces, and electric ignition of gas burners.

Important! Changing the design of some household appliances, especially gas appliances, may cause “misunderstanding and rejection” by regulatory organizations. In addition, it requires great care and attention.

Electronics in the car

Homemade devices for cars are most widely used among owners of domestic brands of vehicles, which are distinguished by a minimal number of additional functions. The following schemes are in wide demand:

• Sound indicators for turns and handbrake;
• Battery and generator operating mode indicator.

More experienced radio amateurs are equipping their cars with parking sensors, electronic window drives, and automatic light sensors to control low beam headlights.

Homemade crafts for beginners

Most novice radio amateurs are engaged in the manufacture of structures that do not require high qualifications. Simple proven designs can serve for a long time and not only for the sake of benefit, but also as a reminder of the technical “growing up” from a beginner radio amateur to a professional.

For inexperienced hobbyists, many manufacturers produce ready-made construction kits that contain a printed circuit board and a set of elements. Such sets allow you to practice the following skills:

• Reading schematic and wiring diagrams;
• Correct soldering;
• Setup and adjustment using a ready-made method.

Among the sets, electronic watches of various designs and degrees of complexity are very common.

As an area of ​​application of knowledge and experience, radio amateurs can design electronic toys using simpler circuits or modifying industrial designs to suit their wishes and capabilities.

Interesting ideas for crafts can be seen in the examples of making radio-electronic crafts from worn-out computer parts.

Home workshop

To independently design radio-electronic devices, you need a certain minimum of tools, devices and measuring instruments:

• Soldering iron;
• Side cutters;
• Tweezers;
• Screwdriver Set;
• Pliers;
• Multifunctional tester (avometer).

On a note. When planning to do electronics yourself, you should not immediately take on complex designs and purchase an expensive tool.

Most radio amateurs began their journey by using a simple 220V 25-40W soldering iron, and the most popular Soviet tester, the Ts-20, was used in the home laboratory. All this is enough for practicing with electricity, acquiring the necessary skills and experience.

There is no point in buying an expensive soldering station for a novice radio amateur if he does not have the necessary experience with a conventional soldering iron. Moreover, the possibility of using the station will not appear soon, but only after sometimes quite a long time.

There is also no need for professional measuring equipment. The only serious device that even a novice amateur may need is an oscilloscope. For those who already understand electronics, an oscilloscope is one of the most sought-after measurement tools.

Inexpensive digital devices made in China can be successfully used as an avometer. Having rich functionality, they have high measurement accuracy, ease of use and, importantly, have a built-in module for measuring transistor parameters.

When talking about a DIY home workshop, one cannot fail to mention the materials used for soldering. This is solder and flux. The most common solder is POS-60 alloy, which has a low melting point and provides high soldering reliability. Most solders used for soldering all kinds of devices are analogues of the mentioned alloy and can be successfully replaced with it.

Ordinary rosin is used as a flux for soldering, but for ease of use it is better to use its solution in ethyl alcohol. Rosin-based fluxes do not require removal from installation after operation, since they are chemically neutral under most operating conditions, and the thin film of rosin formed after evaporation of the solvent (alcohol) exhibits good protective properties.

Important! When soldering electronic components, active fluxes should never be used. This is especially true for soldering acid (zinc chloride solution), since even under normal conditions such flux has a destructive effect on thin copper printed conductors.

To service heavily oxidized terminals, it is better to use active acid-free flux LTI-120, which does not require rinsing.

It is very convenient to work using solder that contains flux. The solder is made in the form of a thin tube, inside of which there is rosin.

For mounting elements, breadboards made of double-sided foil fiberglass, which are produced in a wide range, are well suited.

Security measures

Working with electricity is associated with risks to health and even life, especially if the electronics are designed with your own hands with mains power. Homemade electrical devices should not use transformerless power from a household AC network. As a last resort, such devices should be configured by connecting them to the network through an isolation transformer with a transformation ratio equal to unity. The voltage at its output will correspond to the network voltage, but at the same time reliable galvanic isolation will be ensured.

Electronic homemade products, today, are an affordable way to manufacture useful mechanisms that can make life easier and diversify leisure time. Modern craftsmen are able to assemble with their own hands both simple toys and complex, multi-tasking mechanisms. Read below to learn how to quickly and easily make electronic toys, interesting and useful electronic crafts for your home and car!

Simple DIY electronics: making a spinner

Electrical engineering today is widely used for both practical and entertainment purposes. Some inventions (such as the smart home system) will be quite difficult for a beginner to make. They require experience and advanced knowledge of physics. Other designs are simple and accessible to beginner radio amateurs. For example, you can make interesting toys with your own hands - spinners, the sales of which have increased incredibly this year.

To assemble the toy you will need to stock up on:

• Wooden blank measuring 9x4x1.2 cm;
• Bearing size 2.2x0.8x0.7 cm (with rubber seal);
• Two RGB LEDs;
• Two CR2032 batteries and holders;
• Stainless steel bolt 0.8x2 cm;
• M8 cap nuts.

After this you can start working. First of all, you will need to find a design diagram on the Internet and transfer it to a raw block - a workpiece. To correctly mark the technological holes (there will be three of them), you will need a ruler.

Then follows:

1. In the middle of the workpiece, drill a through hole with a diameter of 2.2 cm for the bearing;
2. Drill two holes on the sides of the workpiece with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a depth of 7.5 mm;
3. Using a drill, make two holes with a diameter of 6 mm for LEDs in the middle of two blind holes;
4. Countersink the holes;
5. Give the toy a rounded shape using a jigsaw, band saw or jigsaw;
6. Sand the workpiece with sandpaper and coat it with varnish;
7. Solder the LEDs to the battery holders;
8. Check the LEDs and install them in the mounting holes, fixing them with super glue;
9. Clean the bearing and treat its insides with WD 40;
10. Cut off the bolt head and secure the axle in the bearing on both sides with nuts;
11. Install the bearing into the mounting hole.

The spinner is ready! The toy will be interesting not only for children. Adults can also use this electronic device: the device, rotating, will help you relax or get distracted.

Simple electronic homemade circuits: making an electric call

You can make an electric call quite simply and quickly with your own hands.

Such a call will last a long time and will please the ear. After all, when pressed, it will be able to create signals of different frequencies and tones.

Thus, an electric call can be single-tone or multi-tone.

The ability of the bell to reproduce sound in one or more tones will be influenced by the presence of a multivibrator with two bipolar transistors in the radio design circuit. Let us consider in detail the circuit of an electronic call with a complex sound signal.

So, a homemade electronic circuit will consist of the following radio components:

• Step-down transformer series TA;
• Call button;
• Five alloy silicon diodes;
• Electrolytic capacitor with a capacity of 1000 microfarads
• Two electrolytic capacitors with a capacity of 10 microfarads;
• Two trimming resistors with a resistance of 470 kilo-ohms;
• Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 10 kiloohms;
• Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 33 kilo-ohms;
• MLT resistor 1 kilo-ohm;
• MLT resistor 470 kilo-ohm;
• Three silicon-plenary transistors type 630D
• Silicon planar transistor type 630G.

The principle of operation of the device is simple. Pressing the button will open the third transistor of type 630D, allowing current to pass to the fourth transistor of type 630G. This will create the primary signal. When the second transistor of type 630D opens, the third and fourth transistors will be locked, creating a signal of a different tone.

DIY crafts for the car

Automotive electronics are in great demand today. At the same time, homemade automation often has simple circuits, easy execution and installation. What kind of electrical homemade products can you make for your car yourself?

So, you can do the following for your car with your own hands:

• Dynamic turn signals using the KIT DIY constructor;
• Universal charger from old electronics;
• Water pump based air conditioning;
• Heated wipers and much more.

The easiest way would be to design a backlight for the seat belt buckles. To do this, you will need to dismantle and disassemble the locks using a flat-head screwdriver. After that, using hot-melt adhesive, you need to secure the LEDs in the locks.

Each LED can be turned on through its own current-limiting resistor: this will extend the life of the semiconductor light-emitting device.

After this, you should assemble the locks, and run the wires powering the LEDs under the seats to the ignition or the parking button through the cigarette lighter. At the owner's request, the car's interior lighting can be supplemented with lamps that indicate that the seat belt is not fastened.

Unusual electronic homemade products: do-it-yourself binary clocks

You can make cool binary clocks for your home with your own hands. To do this you need an Arduino platform. The electrical circuits on this platform are simple and convenient; they are used for the manufacture of most electronic homemade products.

Additionally, to make a binary clock you will need:

• Real time clock module on DS1302 chip;
• Diffuse LEDs with a diameter of 1 cm (20 pieces);
• Resistors with a resistance of 10 Ohms (20 pieces);
• Resistors with a resistance of 10 kilo-ohms (2 pieces);
• Two tact buttons;
• Frame.

The watch case must consist of two halves, which can be made of wood, plastic, or metal. It depends on what style your watch will be. Before making the housing, you will need to assemble the LED matrix.

In this case, each LED must be connected through its own current-limiting resistor.

After this, the leads from the LEDs must be connected to the platform. The controller itself will need to be connected to the real time clock module. After this, the contacts from Arduino and the module must be routed to the clock buttons to set the time through resistors with a nominal value of 10 kilo-ohms. They will serve as load bearings. Finally, you should connect the power cable to the circuit.

Useful DIY crafts: how to make household scales

Today, almost every home has a floor or kitchen scale. In order to make this useful measuring device yourself, you need to understand its structure and operating principle.

Thus, the external components of the scales include:

• Weight processor;
• Frame;
• Display screen;
• Platform;
• Legs.

The principle of operation of the scales is extremely simple. The load, falling on the platform, presses on it due to gravity, activating the strain gauge load cell inside the device. The strain gauge, in turn, influences the strain gauge, changing its resistance. The latter transmits the signal to an analog-to-digital converter. After this, the ADC converts the signal to digital and feeds it to the microcontroller, which draws conclusions about the mass of the load on the platform and displays the values ​​on the screen.

When assembling the circuit, you need to pay attention to the type of strain gauge.

So, for a central location under the platform of floor, commercial and technical scales, it is better to choose a single-point sensor. For bending installation, a block sensor is used. In this case, you need to ensure that the strain gauge has a reliable connection to the ADC. A weight processor will help solve the problem of connecting devices.

DIY radio circuits for the home: making an electronic lock

Electrics can also serve to protect your home. So, today, DIY sites offer simple radio circuits for electronic locks for the front door. It is impossible to open such a lock using a physical key.

The simplest electrical circuit for making a lock is usually based on a four-digit Johnson meter.

This scheme can be implemented in several variations. The simplest one is using the 4017 microcircuit. The principle of operation of the circuit is quite simple: when you enter the correct four-digit code, a logical unit is activated at the input of the microcircuit, which opens the lock.

Let's take a closer look at the operation of the device:

• When the wrong keys are pressed, the circuit restarts without triggering the mechanism through the RESET input.
• The correct signal, when a key is pressed, must be sent to field-effect transistor VT1, which, after opening, supplies voltage to the output corresponding to the key;
• After the correct code has been completely entered, from the output corresponding to the last correct key, the signal is sent to the transistor VT2 connected to the relay;
• The transistor is activated for a time that determines the capacitance of the capacitor;
• The relay opens an actuator (for example, a latch).

In order to open such a lock, you will need to go through about ten thousand different codes. At the same time, the numbers on the code should not be repeated. That is, code 3355 will not be possible; all digital values ​​must be different.

Most of the electronic homemade products that modern craftsmen make are designed to perform ordinary household tasks faster and better than authentic devices. For example, an electric spinning wheel will significantly speed up the process of creating yarn. You can quickly make an electric spinning wheel by placing an electric motor on an authentic device.

At the same time, the motor for an electric spinning wheel must have a power of at least 15 W.

As a motor, you can use a motor from a fan, auto cleaner, or player. The pedal must be used to operate the engine. It will be possible to change the movements of the motor by including a TP-type toggle switch in the circuit, which provides connection of a capacitor and resistance to different windings.

An electric fly swatter will be useful and easy to assemble and operate.

In order to implement such a mechanism, you will need to assemble a standard blocking generator. At the same time, you will need to remember to insulate the handle of the fly swatter.

Where to find amateur radio circuits and homemade products

Modern sites for radio amateurs offer to make not only useful, but also unusual homemade radios. So, for example, on the Mozgochina website you can find interesting electronic circuits for making refrigerator reminders, thermometers that change color depending on the temperature, etc.

Electrical gadgets for everyday life and crafts made from scrap materials for fishing from the site “Visiting Samodelkin” will be interesting and useful.

You can read about how to design, debug and manufacture electronic mechanisms at home in the book “Entertaining Radio Electronics”. New items among homemade radios are often posted on the “Amateur Radio Workshop” website. New issues of the magazine “Radio Amateurs” contain interesting and useful technical materials.

DIY crafts at home (video)

Amateur radio clubs today are popular among both schoolchildren and adults. Master classes and radio circuits presented on various websites allow you to assemble almost any electrical appliance at home. The main thing is to find the necessary diagrams, strictly follow the instructions, and adhere to safety precautions when working with electricity. And you can collect whatever you want!

Those who do radio electronics at home are usually very inquisitive. Amateur radio circuits and homemade products will help you find a new direction in your creativity. Perhaps someone will find an original solution to this or that problem. Some homemade products use ready-made devices, connecting them in different ways. For others, you need to completely create the circuit yourself and make the necessary adjustments.

One of the simplest homemade products. More suitable for those who are just starting to craft. If you have an old but working cell phone with a button to turn on the player, you can use it, for example, to make a doorbell for your room. The advantages of such a call:

First you need to make sure that the selected phone is capable of producing a sufficiently loud melody, after which it must be completely disassembled. Basically, the parts are secured with screws or staples, which are carefully folded back. When disassembling, you will need to remember what goes with what, so that later you can put everything back together.

The player's power button is unsoldered on the board, and two short wires are soldered in its place. These wires are then glued to the board so the solder doesn't come off. The phone is going. All that remains is to connect the phone to the call button via a two-wire wire.

Homemade products for cars

Modern cars are equipped with everything you need. However, there are times when homemade devices are simply necessary. For example, something broke, they gave it to a friend, and the like. That’s when the ability to create electronics with your own hands at home will be very useful.

The first thing you can tamper with without fear of damaging your car is the battery. If you don’t have a battery charger at hand at the right time, you can quickly assemble it yourself. To do this you will need:

A transformer from a tube TV is ideal. Therefore, those who are interested in homemade electronics never throw away electrical appliances in the hope that they will be needed someday. Unfortunately, two types of transformers were used: with one and with two coils. To charge a battery at 6 volts, any will do, but for 12 volts only two.

The wrapping paper of such a transformer shows the winding terminals, the voltage for each winding and the operating current. To power the filaments of electronic lamps, a voltage of 6.3 V with a high current is used. The transformer can be remade by removing the extra secondary windings, or you can leave everything as is. In this case, the primary and secondary windings are connected in series. Each primary is rated at 127 V, so combining them produces 220 V. The secondary are connected in series to produce an output of 12.6 V.

Diodes must withstand a current of at least 10 A. Each diode requires a radiator with an area of ​​at least 25 square centimeters. They are connected into a diode bridge. Any electrical insulating plate is suitable for fastening. A 0.5 A fuse is included in the primary circuit, and a 10 A fuse in the secondary circuit. The device does not tolerate short circuits, so the polarity should not be confused when connecting the battery.

Simple heaters

During the cold season, it may be necessary to warm up the engine. If the car is parked where there is electrical current, this problem can be solved using a heat gun. To make it you will need:

• asbestos pipe;
• nichrome wire;
• fan;
• switch.

The diameter of the asbestos pipe is selected according to the size of the fan that will be used. The performance of the heater will depend on its power. The length of the pipe is everyone's preference. You can assemble a heating element and a fan in it, or just a heater. When choosing the latter option, you will have to think about how to allow air flow to the heating element. This can be done, for example, by placing all components in a sealed housing.

Nichrome wire is also selected according to the fan. The more powerful the latter, the larger diameter nichrome can be used. The wire is twisted into a spiral and placed inside the pipe. For fastening, bolts are used that are inserted into pre-drilled holes in the pipe. The length of the spiral and their number are selected experimentally. It is advisable that the coil does not become red hot when the fan is running.

The choice of fan will determine what voltage needs to be supplied to the heater. When using a 220 V electric fan, you will not need to use an additional power source.

The entire heater is connected to the network via a cord with a plug, but it itself must have its own switch. It can be either just a toggle switch or an automatic machine. The second option is more preferable; it allows you to protect the general network. To do this, the operation current of the machine must be less than the operation current of the room machine. A switch is also needed to quickly turn off the heater in case of problems, for example, if the fan does not work. This heater has its disadvantages:

• harmful to the body from asbestos pipes;
• noise from a running fan;
• smell from dust falling on the heated coil;
• fire hazard.

Some problems can be solved by using another homemade product. Instead of an asbestos pipe, you can use a coffee can. To prevent the spiral from closing on the jar, it is attached to a textolite frame, which is fixed with glue. A cooler is used as a fan. To power it, you will need to assemble another electronic device - a small rectifier.

Homemade products bring those who do them not only satisfaction, but also benefits. With their help, you can save energy, for example, by turning off electrical appliances that you forgot to turn off. A time relay can be used for this purpose.

The simplest way to create a time-setting element is to use the charging or discharging time of a capacitor through a resistor. Such a chain is included in the base of the transistor. The circuit will require the following parts:

• high-capacity electrolytic capacitor;
• pnp type transistor;
• electromagnetic relay;
• diode;
• variable resistor;
• fixed resistors;
• DC source.

First you need to determine what current will be switched through the relay. If the load is very powerful, you will need a magnetic starter to connect it. The starter coil can be connected via a relay. It is important that the relay contacts can operate freely without sticking. Based on the selected relay, a transistor is selected and it is determined what current and voltage it can operate with. You can focus on KT973A.

The base of the transistor is connected through a limiting resistor to a capacitor, which, in turn, is connected through a bipolar switch. The free contact of the switch is connected through a resistor to the power supply negative. This is necessary to discharge the capacitor. The resistor acts as a current limiter.

The capacitor itself is connected to the positive bus of the power source through a variable resistor with high resistance. By selecting the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor, you can change the delay time interval. The relay coil is shunted by a diode, which turns on in the opposite direction. This circuit uses KD 105 B. It closes the circuit when the relay is de-energized, protecting the transistor from breakdown.

The scheme works as follows. In the initial state, the base of the transistor is disconnected from the capacitor, and the transistor is closed. When the switch is turned on, the base is connected to the discharged capacitor, the transistor opens and supplies voltage to the relay. The relay operates, closes its contacts and supplies voltage to the load.

The capacitor begins to charge through a resistor connected to the positive terminal of the power source. As the capacitor charges, the base voltage begins to rise. At a certain voltage value, the transistor closes, de-energizing the relay. The relay switches off the load. In order for the circuit to work again, you need to discharge the capacitor; to do this, switch the switch.