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“The Pythagorean theorem in geometry” - In the time of Pythagoras, the formulation of the theorem sounded like this: It is possible that this drawing is evidence of the only “pre-Pythagorean” proof of the theorem. "elefuga". Theorem. "Pythagorean pants Equal in all directions." Since inscribed angles subtended by a diameter are right angles, then? KLM? straight.
“Pythagorean Theorem” - Problem. Friendly numbers. Pythagoras began to think about the properties of even and odd numbers. Pythagorean numbers. What were numbers for Pythagoras? Perfect numbers. Justice was symbolized by the number 4. Pythagoras began to depict numbers with dots. During the journey, Pythagoras was captured by the king of Babylon. Here is the problem of an Indian mathematician of the 12th century. Bhaskars.
“Olympic Champions” - Honored Master of Sports in weightlifting. Awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor in 1964. World Champion 1977,1979 The first coach was Yu. Borzov. Winner of the European Championship 2005. Winner of the European Championship 2005. Viktor Nikolaevich is a well-known and respected person in the city. Vakhonin Alexey Ivanovich. Champion of the XX Olympic Games in super heavyweight.
“Pythagoras biography” - Algebraic method of proof. Mathematician, philosopher, teacher, politician. Hoffmann's proof. Daily routine at school. Is it Pythagoras' famous theorem? The sacrifice to the Gods from Pythagoras was abundant. The drawing was accompanied by only one word: LOOK! Objectives: Egyptians? Meet Pythagoras.
“Proof of the Pythagorean theorem” - Let’s set aside exactly the same triangles as shown in the figure. Hawkins's proof. Let's rotate triangle ABC around C by 900. Look and prove it! The Golden Theorem of Geometry. Let's complete the right triangle to a square with a side equal to the length of the larger leg b. A square with side c consists of four triangles with sides a and b and one square with side b-a.
Alexey MASHKOVTSEV,
physical education teacher,
ANO "School "Premier"
Moscow
Theoretical lesson using critical thinking technology
Pythagoras - Olympic champion?
Our school traditionally celebrates Pythagoras Day for eighth-graders. On this day
The lesson schedule changes, and in the lessons of algebra, geometry, music, psychology, history
children get acquainted with the main inventions of the ancient Greek scientist.
When the head teacher of the school approached me with a request to conduct a physical education lesson as part of this
Day, I agreed, because I was sure that Pythagoras was an Olympic champion. However, in
While preparing for the lesson, I found the most conflicting information on this matter. Here
then the idea came up to hold a lesson in the classroom and discuss the Olympic
achievements of Pythagoras.
The critical thinking technology used in the lesson includes three stages
(parts of) the lesson: challenge, comprehension and reflection. It was on this principle that it was built
our lesson, the scheme of which can be successfully used when conducting other
theoretical lessons.
Call stage
1. The class is divided into working groups, which are seated at three round tables.
2. Students are asked to name one word or phrase in turn,
causing them to associate with the concept of “ancient Olympic Games”. Time to think
– 30 sec. It is important not to repeat the word named by the previous student. The teacher writes out
the proposed words on the board, if necessary, gives information about how they differ
ancient Olympic games from modern ones.
3. Using the named words, children in groups create definitions of the Olympic Games.
Preparation time – 1 minute. It is important to use as many of the named words as possible - a minimum
three. The final determination from the working group can be given by one person, or everyone can give
depending on time.
4. Children are asked to answer the question: “What is the connection between the Olympic Games and
Pythagoras? Thinking time – 1 minute. Each group formulates its own version,
one person answers. Versions are recorded on the board.
5. The topic of the lesson is reported: “Is Pythagoras an Olympic champion?”
Conception stage
Participants form three different expert groups, each of which includes
representatives from different working groups. Expert groups are offered three completely
different texts about Pythagoras taken from the Internet: participants in each expert group receive
per copy. After reading the material, the guys must answer the questions at the end of the text. They
make notes in the margins with a pencil, then discuss what they read and formulate
general response from the group. Time for individual reading and comprehension – 5–7 minutes, per
group discussion – 2–3 min.
1
Questions for discussion in expert groups
1. What made Pythagoras famous as a trainer?
2. Was Pythagoras really an Olympic champion?
3. How can you prove that Pythagoras was an Olympic champion?
Then representatives of the expert groups return to their working groups, where
tell each other about their texts and offer possible answers to questions. Workers
groups, after discussion, choose one of three statements proposed by the teacher, and
prove it by confirming it with statements from the texts:
– Pythagoras was an Olympic champion.
– Pythagoras was not an Olympic champion.
– Pythagoras was not an Olympic champion, but his students were champions.
Time to exchange opinions – 3 minutes, to choose a statement and prove it – 5 minutes.
One representative from each group makes a presentation explaining the conclusion reached
group and why. Time for presentation – 2 minutes.
The teacher summarizes the statements.
Reflection stage
The teacher draws the children’s attention to the board, where all the versions are written, and begins
discussion: who was right and who was wrong.
The game "Brainring" is being played. The teacher asks questions, the answers to which could be
found in the text, and accepts the answer of the first player to raise his hand. For every correct
The group's answer is awarded 1 point. If you answer incorrectly, you get a chance to earn a point.
rivals. The team (group) with the most points wins.
In this case, students are allowed to use the texts. Everyone participates in this process
group. If the number of team members is unequal, one or two students can perform in
as judges.
The teacher makes a final speech, sums up the lesson and expresses his
opinion on the problem being studied. Children can also give their assessment by talking about their
presentations before and after the lesson and explaining what made them change their point of view.
Applications
Heirs of Hercules
Text for expert group 1
(based on materials from the site www.sovsport.ru)
Who has not heard this saying, which expresses the essence of one of the most famous
mathematical theorems? But how many people know that Pythagoras is an Olympic champion?
games?
True, there is so much confusion in the reports about the Olympic triumph of Pythagoras!
Some sources indicate that he won in pankration, others insist that in
struggle. The historian Plutarch, who, by the way, was definitely an Olympian
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champion in pankration (a form of martial arts in Ancient Greece that combined techniques
wrestling and fistfight), in the “Biography of Numa” claims that Pythagoras and
I was actually a runner. But is it possible to believe Plutarch, who was born 700 years later?
after Pythagoras?
There is also confusion about the dates. In one of the lists of Olympic Games that have come down to us
champions indicates that Pythagoras of Samos won the victory in 588 BC. A
the earliest year of birth indicated in his biographies is 586 BC. He couldn't
become an Olympian two years before you are born!
But this is what has been established for sure. A certain Milo of Croton was a student
Pythagorean school and called Pythagoras “a teacher in everything.” So this Milon
became famous for his treatise “Physics” and six victories at the Olympic Games in strength training
competitions. This time.
Even armed enemies were afraid to contact the students of this school,
believing that they possess an unknown system of hand-to-hand combat developed
founder of the doctrine. They were able to destroy the school only by setting up a fire in its building at night.
a fire in which most of the Pythagoreans died. That's two.
Finally, the entire Hellenistic system of education and training was based on
harmony of intellectual and physical development. The great scientist could not help but be
a great athlete, which is confirmed by the examples of Plato, Archimedes and all the same
Plutarch. That's three. And it’s not without reason that one of the most offensive characteristics in
In ancient Greece it was like this: “He can neither read nor swim.”
***
The famous Hellenic athlete Milo from the city of Croton lived in the 6th century. BC. He
was undefeated in strength training and wrestling for 20 years, six times
won the overall winner's wreath at the Olympic Games. Phenomenal
he developed proverbial strength almost according to modern principles
training: duration, continuity, gradual increase in load.
Milo first lifted a bull on his shoulders when he was a calf, and subsequently
carried it around the stadium arena every day. As the bull grew, Milo’s strength also grew. End
attraction - for the needs of the ancient public: lowering the bull to the ground, the athlete killed him
punch between the eyes...
...Milon stood on a disk greased with lard or oil, and none of the spectators
I couldn’t push him off this slippery pedestal. A stone weighing 136 kg was thrown at 6
m. He put six people in a chariot, lifted it on his head and carried it around the arena. But
he saved the most amazing of his tricks for last: Milo squeezed a ripe
a pomegranate in the palm of his hand and invited those who wanted to take it out. No one succeeded. Athlete
unclenched his hand - the pomegranate was completely intact and not even dented: to such an extent he,
By tensing the muscles of his fingers, he was able to simultaneously relax the muscles of his palm.
During the war between his native Croton and the city of Sybaris, Milo was elected
commander. Like Hercules, the famous hero, dressed in a lion's skin, fought
with a huge club in his hands, replacing an entire squad...
...The death of the strongman was tragic. Going to the forest to get firewood for
old mother, he hammered wedges into the crack of a thick trunk and tried to
3
tear it in two. But the released wedges fell to the ground, and the tree was pinched
fingers. Milo did not take into account that with age, even champions lose strength. Release
he could not use his arms and found himself chained to the trunk. Helpless, hungry and
The exhausted, famous athlete was torn to pieces by wild animals. This is how Milo died
Krotonsky, to whom a marble monument was erected and whose name is six times
was included in the list of winners of Ancient Olympia.
What made Pythagoras famous as a trainer?
Biography of Pythagoras
Text for expert group 2
(based on materials from the site www.wikipedia.org)
Pythagoras was born on the island of Samos in Asia Minor. Exact date of birth
unknown. He studied science in Egypt, Babylon, and India. Founded in Crotone (Southern
Italy) own school. Established a relationship between the length of the string and the pitch of the sound,
laying the foundation for modern music theory.
Proved a number of fundamental
mathematical theorems. Founded number theory. Invented the term "philosopher".
Developed the astronomical concept of the music of the spheres. Recognized sphericity
The Earth and the fact that it moves around the Sun. The disciples considered him the son of Apollo.
Still included in the pantheon of Hindu gods under the name Yavanacharya - “Ionian
teacher". He died in a hand-to-hand street fight in the city of Metapont.
Pythagoras' parents were Mnesarchus and Parthenides from Samos. According to information
Diogenes Laertius, Mnesarchus was a stone cutter; according to Porfiry, he was
a wealthy merchant from Tyre, who received Samian citizenship for distributing grain to
lean year. The first version is preferable, since Pausanias gives
genealogy of Pythagoras in the male line from Hippasus from the Peloponnesian Phlius,
who fled to Samos and became the great-grandfather of Pythagoras.
Parthenida came from the noble family of Ancaeus, the founder of the Greek colony
on Samos. She accompanied her husband on his trips, and Pythagoras, according to information
Iamblichus, born in Sidon Phoenician around 570 BC. Birth of a child
as if predicted by the Pythia at Delphi. In particular, she told Mnesarchus that
his son will bring as much benefit and goodness to people as he has not brought and will not bring in
no one else's future. Therefore, to celebrate, Mnesarchus gave his wife a new name - Pyphaida,
and to the son - Pythagoras, i.e. "the one announced by the Pythia."
According to ancient authors, Pythagoras met with almost everyone
famous sages of that era - Greeks, Persians, Chaldeans, Egyptians, absorbed into
itself all the knowledge accumulated by humanity. In popular literature, Pythagoras
sometimes attributed to the Olympic victory in boxing, confusing the Pythagoras-philosopher with his
namesake - Pythagoras, son of Crates from Samos, who won the Forty
eighth Games 18 years before the birth of the famous philosopher.
Iamblichus writes that Pythagoras left his native island at the age of 18 and,
Having visited different places, he reached Egypt to gain wisdom and secrets.
4
knowledge from the priests, where he stayed for 22 years. Diogenes and Porphyry write that the Samian tyrant
Polycrates provided Pythagoras with a letter of recommendation to Pharaoh Amasis,
thanks to which he (Pythagoras) was admitted to study and initiated into the sacraments,
forbidden to other foreigners, until he was taken to Babylon among others
captives of the Persian king Cambyses, who conquered Egypt in 525 BC. In Babylon
Pythagoras spent another 12 years communicating with the magicians, until he was finally able to return to
Samos at the age of 56, where his compatriots recognized him as a wise man.
According to Porphyry, Pythagoras left Samos due to disagreement with the tyrannical
by the rule of Polycrates at the age of 40. Since this information is based on words
Aristoxene, i.e. belong to the 4th century. BC, they are considered relatively reliable.
Polycrates came to power in 535 BC, so the date of birth of Pythagoras can be
consider 570 BC, if we assume that he left for Italy in 530 BC. Iamblichus
reports that Pythagoras moved to Italy for the 62nd Olympiad, i.e. in 532–529 BC.
This information is in good agreement with Porfiry’s data, but completely contradicts
the legend of Iamblichus himself (or rather, one of his sources) about the Babylonian captivity
Pythagoras. It is not known for sure whether Pythagoras visited Egypt, Babylon or Phenicia, where
according to legend, he drew eastern wisdom. Diogenes Laertius quotes
Aristoxenus, who said that his teaching is his own, at least as far as it concerns
Pythagoras received instructions on the way of life from the priestess Themistocleia
Delphic, i.e. at home.
Disagreements with the tyrant Polycrates could hardly have been the reason for leaving
Pythagoras - rather, he needed the opportunity to preach his ideas and, moreover,
moreover, to implement them, which was very problematic in Ionia and the mainland
Hellas, where many people experienced in matters of philosophy and politics lived.
Iamblichus reports: Pythagoras settled in the Greek colony of Crotone in South
Italy, where he found many followers. They were attracted not only by the occult
philosophy, which he convincingly expounded, but also the way of life he prescribed with
elements of healthy asceticism and strict morality. Pythagoras preached
moral ennoblement of an ignorant people, to achieve which
perhaps where power belongs to a caste of wise and knowledgeable people who
the people obey unconditionally in some things, like children to their parents, but in other respects -
consciously, submitting to moral authority.
The disciples of Pythagoras formed a kind of religious order, or brotherhood
initiates, consisting of like-minded people who literally deified their
teachers. This order actually came to power in Crotone. However, due to
anti-Pythagorean sentiment at the end of the 6th century. BC. Pythagoras had to retire to
another Greek colony - Metapontus, where he died. Almost 450 years later, in the 1st century. before
AD, during the time of Cicero, the crypt was shown there as one of the attractions
Pythagoras.
According to Iamblichus, Pythagoras led his secret society for 39 years. Then
the approximate date of death of Pythagoras can be placed at 491 BC, to
the beginning of the Greco-Persian Wars. Diogenes, referring to Heraclides (IV century BC),
says that Pythagoras died peacefully at the age of 80 or, according to other sources, -
at 90 years old. This implies the date of death - 490 BC. (or 480 BC, which is
5
unlikely). Eusebius of Caesarea in his chronography designated the year 497 BC.
as the year of Pythagoras' death.
Question for group discussion
Was Pythagoras really an Olympic champion?
Program of the Ancient Olympic Games
Text for expert group 3
(based on materials from the website www.olimpiada.dljatebja.ru)
At first, the program of the Olympic Games included only a stadium - running for 1
stages (192.27 m), then the number of Olympic disciplines increased. Let's note some
fundamental changes in the program:
– at the Fourteenth Olympic Games (724 BC) included in the program
Diaulos - stage 2 running, and four years later - dolichodrome (endurance running),
the distance of which ranged from 7 to 24 stages;
– at the Eighteenth Olympic Games (708 BC) held for the first time
competitions in wrestling and pentathlon (pentathlon), which included, in addition to wrestling and
stadium racing, jumping, as well as javelin and discus throwing;
– at the Twenty-third Olympic Games (688 BC) in the competition program
a fistfight ensued;
– at the Twenty-fifth Olympic Games (680 BC) races were added
chariots drawn by four adult horses; over time this view
the program expanded, and in the V–IV centuries. BC. began to hold chariot races,
drawn by a pair of adult horses, young horses or mules;
– at the Thirty-third Olympic Games (648 BC) appeared in the program
horse racing (in the middle of the 3rd century BC horse racing also began to be held
on foals) and pankration - a martial arts that combined elements of wrestling and
fist fight, with a minimum number of prohibited techniques and in many ways
reminiscent of modern fights without rules.
Greek gods and mythological heroes are involved in the emergence of not only
The Olympic Games in general, but also their individual disciplines. For example, it was believed that running
Hercules himself introduced 1 stadia, who personally measured this distance in Olympia (1 stadia
equal to the length of 600 feet of the priest in the temple of Zeus) and pankration goes back to
the legendary battle between Theseus and the Minotaur.
Some disciplines of the ancient Olympic Games, familiar to us from
modern competitions are noticeably different from their current counterparts.
Greek athletes did not perform long jumps from a running start, but from a standing position, and also with stones
(later - with dumbbells) in hands. At the end of the jump, the athlete threw the stones sharply
back: it was believed that this allowed him to jump further. Similar jumping technique
required good coordination. Javelin and discus throwing - and over time, instead of
stone athletes began to throw an iron disc - it was done from a small
elevation, and the spear was thrown not for distance, but for accuracy: the athlete had to
hit a special target. In wrestling and boxing there was no division of participants according to
6
weight categories, and the boxing match continued until one of
rivals did not admit defeat or was unable to
continue the fight. There were very unique varieties of racing
disciplines: running in full armor, i.e. in a helmet, with a shield and weapons, running of heralds
and trumpeters, alternating running and chariot racing.
From the Thirty-seventh Games (632 BC), young men began to participate in the competitions
under 20 years of age. At first, competitions in this age category included
only running and wrestling, over time pentathlon, fist fighting and
pankration.
In addition to athletic competitions, the Olympic Games also included
art competition, from the Eighty-fourth Games (444 BC) became official
part of the program.
Initially, the Olympic Games took place on one day, then with expansion
program - five days (this is exactly how long the Games lasted during their
flourished in the 6th–4th centuries. BC) and eventually lasted for a whole month.
The winner of the Olympic Games received along with an olive wreath - this
the tradition began in 52 BC. – and universal recognition with purple ribbons. He
became one of the most respected people in his city, for whose residents
the victory of a fellow countryman at the Olympics was also a great honor, he was often released
from state duties and were given other privileges. Olympics at home
Posthumous honors were also given. And according to the one introduced in the 6th century. BC. practice
the three-time winner of the Games could erect his statue in Altis.
The first Olympian known to us was Korebus from Elis, who won
victory in a race over one furlong in 776 BC.
The most famous and only one in the history of the ancient Olympic Games
the athlete who won six Olympics was “the strongest among the strong” -
wrestler Milon. Native of the Greek city of the colony of Croton (southern modern Italy)
and, according to some sources, a student of Pythagoras, he won his first victory at
Sixtieth Olympic Games (540 BC) in competitions among youths. C 532
BC. to 516 BC he won five more Olympic titles - already among
adult athletes. In 512 BC. Milo, who was already over 40 years old,
tried to win his seventh title, but lost to a younger opponent.
Olympionist Milo was also a repeated winner of the Pythian,
Isthmian, Nemean Games and many local competitions. You can mention him
found in the works of Pausanias, Cicero and other authors.
Another outstanding athlete - Leonidas from Rhodes - at four Olympics
in a row (164 BC - 152 BC) won in three running disciplines: running
one and two stages, as well as in running with weapons.
Astilus from Croton entered the history of the ancient Olympic Games not only as
one of the record holders for the number of victories: six - in the 1st and 2nd stages at the Games with 488
BC. to 480 BC If at his first Olympics Astil competed for Croton, then
on the next two – for Syracuse. Former fellow countrymen took revenge on him for
betrayal: the statue of the champion in Crotone was demolished, and his former home was turned into
prison
7
In the history of the ancient Olympic Games there are entire Olympic dynasties. So,
grandfather of the champion in fist fighting Poseidor of Rhodes Diagoras, as well as his relatives
Uncles Akushilay and Damaget were also Olympians. Exceptional durability and
this athlete's honesty in boxing matches won him enormous
respect of the audience and were sung in the odes of Pindar, became an eyewitness to the Olympic
victories of their sons in boxing and pankration. According to legend, when grateful
the sons placed their champion wreaths on their father’s head and lifted him onto their shoulders,
One of the applauding spectators exclaimed: “Die, Diagoras, die! Die because
There’s nothing more you want from life!” And the excited Diagoras immediately died on
in the hands of his sons.
Many Olympians were distinguished by exceptional physical properties.
For example, the champion in running two stages (404 BC) Lasphenes from Tebeya
is credited with victory in an unusual competition with a horse, and Aegeus from Argos,
winner of long-distance running (328 BC), after which he ran without doing
not a single stop along the way, covered the distance from Olympia to his native
city in order to quickly bring good news to fellow countrymen.
Victories were also achieved thanks to a unique technique. Yes, extremely
hardy and agile boxer Melankom from Kariya, winner of the Olympic Games,
during the fight he constantly kept his arms extended forward, due to which he walked away
from the enemy’s blows, while he himself very rarely struck back; at the end
In the end, physically and emotionally exhausted, the opponent admitted defeat.
And about the winner of the Olympic Games in 460 BC. in the dolichodrome of Ladas from Argos
they said that he ran so easily that he did not even leave footprints on the ground.
Among the participants and winners of the Olympic Games were such famous
scientists and thinkers such as Demosthenes, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Pythagoras,
Hippocrates. Moreover, they competed not only in the fine arts. Eg,
Pythagoras was a champion in fist fighting, and Plato was a champion in pankration.
But much more important were the honors to the hero. The winner was brought to his hometown
on four white horses through a gap made in the fortress wall of the city,
exempted from paying taxes, fed them all their lives at the expense of the city, established
monuments, minted coins with his image; sometimes after the death of some
athletes were even deified and temples were built in their honor. Memory of Olympians
surrounded by legends to make the victory more attractive to posterity.
Up to 45–50 thousand spectators gathered at the Olympic festivities, among
which were famous philosophers, historians, and poets. History has preserved for us
names of outstanding representatives of the Ancient world,
most accurately
corresponding to the modern term “harmonious person”. Pythagoras, theorem
which is taught in school to this day, was a powerful fist fighter, became an Olympic
champion at the Forty-eighth Olympic Games in 588 BC. Father of Medicine
the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates achieved significant success in wrestling and racing
chariots. Recipients of various awards for sporting valor were also
famous philosophers Plato and Socrates, tragic poets Sophocles and Euripides.
The games were repeatedly visited by the philosopher Aristotle and the historian Herodotus. Poet
Lucian, having visited the Games many times, described them in his writings.
8
During the Games, Olympia turned into a center of economic,
political and cultural life of Greece. At this time there was brisk trade here,
trade deals were concluded; guests met representatives of other countries,
got acquainted with the development of crafts and agriculture, various customs and
religious rituals, listened to philosophers, historians, poets, musicians and
ministers of religious worship. In socio-political and cultural life
In Greece's heyday, the Olympic holidays played a very important role,
promoting the unification of policies - city-states. A month before the Games throughout
territory of Greece, a sacred truce was declared - ekeheria: they stopped
all sorts of strife between the policies, no one had the right to enter the land of Olympia with
weapon in hand. Along with philosophy, theater, music, fine arts
art, the Olympic Games also played an important role in education and upbringing
population.
The Olympics did not stop even after 146 BC. Greek lands
were subject to Rome. True, the conquerors violated the sacred tradition, according to
in which only residents of Greece could participate in the Olympic Games.
The Romans included circus shows and fights in the Olympic Games.
gladiators. Gladiator fights with
lions, tigers, bulls. But all this, of course, had nothing to do with
sport and to those Olympic ideals that were affirmed by the Greeks earlier.
Athletic competitions in Olympia were held regularly throughout
1168 years old. In 394 AD. Emperor of the East and West Theodosius I, forcibly
propagated Christianity, considered the Olympic Games a pagan rite, declared
wicked and by a special decree prohibited their further implementation.
Olympia was subsequently destroyed by river flooding after two
strong earthquakes and found herself under a layer of sand and mud.
After the end of the ancient Olympic Games, the idea behind them
comprehensive human development was forgotten for one and a half millennia. In
In many countries, sports themselves were banned.
Question for group discussion
How can you prove that Pythagoras was an Olympic champion?
Brainring
In what year did Pythagoras become an Olympic champion?
In what city did Pythagoras die?
Complete the famous phrase: “He can’t read, __________.”
In what sport did Pythagoras become an Olympic champion?
Name the most famous Olympic athlete - student
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pythagoras.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
At which Olympic Games did Pythagoras become the winner?
In what year was fist fighting included in the Olympic Games?
What was the name of the Olympic champion in Ancient Greece?
In what year did the first ancient Olympic Games take place?
Who and when were the ancient Olympic Games abolished?
9
Pythagoras is a champion! The great scientist won the Olympic Games
Who has not heard this saying, which expresses the essence of one of the most famous mathematical theorems? But how many people know that Pythagoras is the champion of the Olympic Games?STRANGER STAR
Pythagorean pants Equal on all sides.
Who has not heard this saying, which expresses the essence of one of the most famous mathematical theorems? But how many people know that Pythagoras is the champion of the Olympic Games?
True, there is so much confusion in the reports about the Olympic triumph of Pythagoras! Some sources indicate that he won in pankration. Others insist that it is a struggle. Historian Plutarch, who, by the way, was definitely an Olympic champion in pankration (a type of martial arts in Ancient Greece that combined wrestling and fist fighting techniques. – Note ed.), in the “Biography of Numa” claims that Pythagoras was actually a runner. Should we believe Plutarch, who was born 700 years after Pythagoras?
There is also confusion about the dates. One of the lists of Olympic champions that have reached us indicates that Pythagoras of Samos won the victory in 588 BC. e. And in his biographies the earliest year of birth is 586. He couldn’t have become an Olympian two years before his birth!
The authors of this confusion were the valiant Christian “historian” monks, thanks to whom not a single ancient Greek text has reached us in the original. Only statements in Latin with the notes “slander and blasphemy.” The memory of the pagan Olympic Games was erased very carefully.
But this is what has been established for sure. Someone Milo of Croton was a student of the Pythagorean school. And he called Pythagoras “a teacher in everything.” So, this Milo became famous for his treatise “Physics” and seven victories at the Olympic Games in strength competitions. This time.
Even armed enemies were afraid to contact the students of the Pythagorean school, believing that they possessed an unknown system of hand-to-hand combat developed by the founder of the doctrine. They were able to destroy the school only by starting a fire in its building at night, in which most of the Pythagoreans died. That's two.
Finally, the entire Hellenistic system of education and training was built on the harmony of intellectual and physical development. A great scientist could not help but be a great athlete. What do the examples prove? Plato, Archimedes and all the same Plutarch. That's three.
And it’s not for nothing that one of the most offensive characteristics in Ancient Greece was this: “He can neither read nor swim.”
PRIVATE BUSSINESS
PYTHAGORAS
Born on the island of Samos in Asia Minor. The exact date of birth is unknown.
He studied science in Egypt, Babylon, and India. He founded his own school in Crotone (Southern Italy). He established the connection between string length and pitch, laying the foundation for modern music theory. Proved a number of fundamental mathematical theorems. Founded number theory. Invented the term "philosopher". Developed the astronomical concept of “music of the spheres.” He recognized the sphericity of the Earth and the fact that it moves around the Sun.
The disciples considered him the son of Apollo. He is still included in the pantheon of Hindu gods under the name Yavanacharya (“Ionian teacher”).
He died in a hand-to-hand street fight in the city of Metapont.
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Wanderer, do you know Pythagoras, Pythagoras of Samos,
Long-haired fighter, much praised?
Know: Pythagoras is me; and how did I gain my glory,
Just ask the Epidians; hard to believe, but believe!
(Palatine Anthology, 111, 16)
Such a sonorous epigram was composed by the ancient Greek poet Theaetetus, who glorified the Olympic victory of the fist fighter Pythagoras. The final line of the epigram is vague but significant. The poet hints at some extraordinary event that influenced the outcome of the fight, which brought the winner the laurel wreath of Olympia.
Turning to the famous biographer of the greatest philosophers of antiquity, Diogenes Laertius, in the chapter dedicated to Pythagoras, the philosopher and mathematician, we learn the most interesting things that reveal not only the secret meaning of Theaetetus’ hint, but also some details that preceded the significant battle that took place at the 48th Olympiad in 588 B.C. n. e.
It turns out that the Olympic champion was fascinated by the distant past of the ancient world and composed “The History of the Dorians,” which is mentioned in his works by Dionysius of Alexandria, who was fond of Olympic statistics and published a complete list of champions of the ancient Games from 1 to 262 Olympiads.
Unfortunately, not a single ancient primary source deciphers the “learning” of the fist fighter. And one can only guess what Pythagoras’ advantage is here. Most likely, in tactical maturity, the use of technical innovations.
And there is no doubt that all this happened. This is what Diogenes says about the debut of the young athlete. Arriving at Olympia, he was rejected by the organizers of the Games because of his effeminacy: “long-haired, in purple clothes, he was excluded with ridicule from the boys’ competition, but immediately entered the men’s competition and emerged victorious.”
The Palatine Anthology, a unique collection of works by ancient poets, in addition to the above epigram, also preserved the following couplet:
This wrestler is Pythagoras, born of Crates of Samos.
As a boy he came to Aptis for Olympic victories.
So, the famous philosopher, mathematician and leader of the famous Crotonian secret league Pythagoras, whose name is known to every schoolchild, and no less revered by sports mentors of our time, who cite Pythagoras’ talent as an irresistible example of the compatibility of science and sports, Pythagoras the scientist was also an Olympic champion?
Nothing like this! Pythagoras never entered the Olympic ring, fought with anyone, and never defeated anyone!
And in order not to provoke the anger of the admirers of this learned man, it is enough to provide a short reference. The philosopher lived, according to available information, in 580-500 BC. e. This means that in the year of the 48th Olympics he was not yet alive. Further: the father of Pythagoras the fighter was named Cratetus, the father of the philosopher was called Mnesarchus. They are related only by the island of Samos, which probably confused not very knowledgeable connoisseurs of the learned man’s talent.
Well, the most stubborn debaters may object, Pythagoras was not a champion in 588 BC. e., so maybe he won the laurel wreath later? The name of Pythagoras is not in the lists of ancient Olympians that have survived and have survived to this day. For example, during the four Olympics - from 572 to 560 BC. e. (at this time Pythagoras the mathematician turned 20 years old), Tisander of Sicyon won four victories in a row. And further, the names of the fist fighters who gained fame in Olympia are known. And what is probably most important, there was no statue of Pythagoras, the philosopher and fist fighter, in Olympia.
The legend of Pythagoras' championship arose a long time ago, back in the middle of the last century. And she became a nomadic “duck”, moving from one popular book to another. True, Pythagoras, a philosopher and mathematician, had a direct connection to the ancient Olympics as... a coach! So, for example, the Samian athlete Eurymenes, who did not have outstanding physical characteristics, was of small stature, with the direct participation of Pythagoras, achieved significant success and, as Porfiry wrote in the biography of Pythagoras, “Evrymenes, thanks to Pythagorean wisdom, despite his small stature, managed to overpower and win there are many tall opponents at the Olympic Games.”
Pythagoras' coaching secret was this. According to the ancient custom, Olympic athletes, on the eve of the next Olympics, switched to a strict dietary diet, eating vegetables and cheese. Pythagoras advised Eurymenes to eat meat, assigning a daily portion of beef, which would be enough for three eaters! The diligent student perfectly mastered the mentor's instructions. Entering the fight for Olympic laurels. Eurymen literally tossed his opponents to pieces, exhausted by a strict diet.
Boxing is one of the oldest sports. Few people know that it existed before our era and was included in the Olympic Games. Information about the legendary boxers of antiquity has survived to this day.
Outstanding ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras(Pythagoras), was an Olympic champion in boxing (48th Olympiad, 588 BC). He was known as the first fighter to use the tactical and technical style of boxing. According to information recorded by Diogenes Laertius, a long-haired young man came to the Olympic arena and asked permission to compete in the youth category. At that time, Pythagoras was not yet 17 years old. When he was refused, Pythagoras joined the group of adult competitors and, to the surprise of the spectators, became the champion.
Pythagoras later founded a school that was considered one of the strongest and purest in the field of spiritual development in the entire known world. However, Pythagoras and several of his students were burned alive in the house by government mercenaries. At the same time, all his works were destroyed. Many consider Pythagoras not only the founder of the humanities, natural, systematic and exact sciences, but also the classical school of boxing.
Glaukos- Olympic champion 520 BC. e. One day, Dimilos noticed that his son was driving a plow into dry soil with one blow of his fist. Struck by the strength of his son, the peasant sent him to an athletic school. During the championship fight, a more experienced opponent defeated Glaukos, then the father shouted: “Son, remember how you handled the plow!” Glaukos gathered all his strength, stood up and dealt a knockout blow to his opponent. An island located near Karystos was named in honor of the champion; it still bears the name Glaukos today.
Diagoras- Olympic champion 464 BC. e. - belonged to a noble Greek family. He was remembered by his contemporaries for his special boxing style. Diagoras did not even try to avoid his opponent’s blows, but held them in such a way that it seemed like he was made of steel. He never violated the rules of the fight. Thanks to this, the boxer became a real “people's” champion. In addition to the Olympic Games, he won the Isthmian boxing tournament four times and the Nemean twice.
His son became an Olympic champion in boxing, and another achieved victory in a different form. The winning tradition was also supported by one of the athlete’s grandchildren. According to legend, when the two sons of Diagoras became champions, they lifted their father onto their shoulders and carried them in front of the stands. Someone from the crowd shouted: “After this, it’s not scary to die!” After that, Diagoras suddenly dropped his head on his chest and died.