Owners of private houses and summer cottages are striving to install autonomous life support systems. This primarily applies to water supply, sewerage and heating. As practice shows, any autonomous system is cost-effective to use and reliable communication. And in the absence of centralized communication systems, this is also the only opportunity to ensure a decent standard of living.
However, the cost of installing any autonomous system is not cheap. This also applies to sewers. The purchase of building materials and special equipment requires considerable investment from the owners. Therefore, if it is possible to connect the house to the central sewer system, it is better to take advantage of it.
Recently, sewers have been laid even in small villages and, of course, they are present in all cities.What types of sewerage are there?
This communication, important for a comfortable life, is divided into three main types:
- Industrial – used for wastewater disposal at industrial enterprises.
- Storm sewerage is a type of sewerage that is of great importance for areas with high levels of precipitation. The system helps remove melt and rain water from the site.
Household (household) - intended for drainage of water contaminated with detergents and household waste. This type of sewer system can be either completely autonomous or public (covering entire districts or villages).
According to the method of water drainage, systems are:
- Gravity flow - water flows due to the slope of the pipeline towards the collector or container for collecting moisture.
- Forced circulation - working thanks to special pumping equipment.
By type of placement, sewer pipelines are divided:
- internal – that is, located inside buildings;
- and external - located outside the buildings.
In turn, external communications are:
- All-alloy. In such systems, all water (drainage, stormwater, sewerage) is discharged through a single system into a common well.
- Separate. In such sewers, rainwater is discharged separately from household wastewater.
- Semi-separated. Water is transported separately, but into a common well.
In country living conditions, small systems for drainage of drainage or sewage water are more often used, such as:
- cesspools;
- septic tanks;
- filtration wells (with natural flow of liquid into the ground);
- sewerage installations are expensive sealed industrial sewers that purify wastewater using bacteria.
Why connect to the central system
Central sewerage, if it is available in a specific area and functions without failures, is an extremely attractive option for arranging a home sewerage system. Experts note several advantages of this connection: 
- there is no need to control the amount of waste liquids - the general sewer system is truly bottomless communication;
- it becomes possible to use the central network for a long time without maintenance from the owners;
- it is possible to save money on setting up an autonomous system.
Types of connection
It is worth noting that connecting yourself is a troublesome and costly matter. You will have to collect a whole package of documents to apply to the local 
water utility and solve a number of organizational issues. For this reason, it is common practice to contact special companies that resolve issues of this kind. The service, of course, is paid. But this is a great way to save yourself from unnecessary hassle. The hired company itself will draw up a connection plan, make all the necessary calculations, obtain permission to lay the pipeline from all neighbors and coordinate the project with the architectural department and the water utility.
There is a way to pay a smaller amount for connection (unfortunately, it is not available to citizens as often as we would like). In the case of modernization of the central system, you can contact the water utility and deposit a certain amount in order to be involved in updating the system. In this case, the insertion will be cheaper. Discounts are also available for collective connections with neighbors.
By type of connection there are:
Separate
That is, storm water and household sewerage are discharged separately into the common drain.
Advantages of this connection:
- there is no need for additional testing of storm water contamination.
- the connection will be more expensive, since two connections are made at once and it is necessary to ensure the functioning of two separate systems on the site - sewerage and storm drainage.
Mixed
The main advantage of such connections is the cost of a single connection to the central system. Additionally, a document may be required confirming the absence of environmentally hazardous substances in wastewater.
Connection quality control
According to SNiP, several basic technical requirements are put forward for connection: 
- Connection is possible only if a drop well is located close to it (a special design in the place where the pipeline is deepened).
- The drain pipe must be connected to this well at a certain angle and at the same time placed above the general drain and below the soil freezing level.
- The laying depth for the central Russian regions is from 2.5 to 3 meters. In the north it is 3.5, and in the south 1.5 meters.
- The recommended slope is 1-2 centimeters for each linear meter of pipeline. If you exceed the value, the water will drain too quickly, and particles of dirt and grease will settle in the pipe. A small slope provokes stagnation in the system. And this is also fraught with clogging of pipes.
- Too sharp turns in the drainage system are not allowed. If this is caused by an urgent need (a 90-degree turn is made), an inspection well is installed at the bend site, through which the pipes can be quickly cleaned.
- The permissible pipe diameter is from 15 to 25 centimeters. Collective insertion is carried out with pipes measuring 25 centimeters. From this pipe, wiring is made to individual houses. An inspection well is installed at the junction of the pipeline.
- The drain is mounted using sockets. The tightness of the joints is ensured with silicone grease.
- A bed of gravel and sand is placed in the trench. The thickness of the layer is from 10 to 15 centimeters. The pillow must be compacted near the well!
- After installation, the slope of the entire pipeline is checked and backfilled. First the sand is poured out. Then it is watered with water to ensure a tighter fit to the pipes. After which the trench is filled with soil.
- Storm drains are allowed to be connected to the public sewer system if you have permits in hand! If for some reason they are not available, it is necessary to equip an autonomous system for collecting rain and melt water.
Exploitation
Connection to the central sewer system does not mean that the owners will not have problems with operation.
In order for the tie-in to function correctly and not cause trouble, you must follow a few simple rules: 
- It is prohibited to throw large objects into drains that clog the pipeline - food waste, paper, hair, feminine hygiene products, etc.
- It is recommended to regularly flush the siphons under the kitchen sink and clean the plumbing equipment using a plunger and a wire brush.
- Using a brush allows you to deal with minor blockages in the toilet bowl. You can make a ruff yourself from a piece of cable, the end of which is unraveled in the form of a fan.
And volatile chemical compounds that arise when cleaning substances are poured into sinks or toilets have the most adverse effect on the health of the owners.
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To connect another pipeline to the existing sewer system, you can use different methods. Tapping into the sewer will be performed differently depending on several factors that will be discussed in this article.
Insertion into a horizontal sewer pipe
This situation is the most common: another plumbing fixture must be connected to a pipeline made of a 50 mm plastic pipe. Perhaps the best answer to the question of how to cut into a sewer riser is to dismantle the sewer pipe and then connect the tee.The work execution algorithm will look like this:
- first you need to disassemble the existing pipeline;
- then the solid piece of pipe is cut into two parts, as a result of which the pipe should be shortened by the length of the tee minus the length of its sockets;
- then the pipeline is assembled using rubber cuffs.
After all these steps, an additional entrance will appear in the sewer pipe through which you can connect any plumbing fixtures. It is advisable to use an oblique tee to implement this option, the use of which reduces the likelihood of blockages occurring inside the system.
The solution described above is not suitable for all situations: for example, if the pipe is permanent or cast iron, inserting into the sewer will be complicated in this case. This problem will have to be solved by drilling a hole in the pipeline, the dimensions of which will exactly correspond to the diameter of the pipe of the connected device.
To connect the plumbing outlet and the sewerage pipeline, you need to use a special fitting - an adapter that looks like a cap equipped with an outlet for the connected pipe. The adapter for tapping into the sewer is connected using clamps. You need to select an adapter based on the diameters of the pipes that will be involved in the connection.
When using an adapter, there is only one important problem: the diameters of the connected pipes must be twice as different. In addition, insertion into a pressure sewer through a horizontally located pipe can only be done from above or at an angle of 45 degrees, so that the connected pipeline does not interfere with the movement of wastewater.
- the sewer pipe is cleaned and dried to a width slightly larger than the width of the adapter;
- Next, a hole of the appropriate diameter is drilled in the pipe. For a 50 mm pipe, the insertion diameter cannot exceed 22 mm, and insertion into a sewer riser using 110 mm pipes can only be carried out using 50 mm connected pipelines;
- the fitting is sealed and attached to the sewer pipe with clamps (when performing this work, care must be taken not to deform the plastic);
- You need to insert a rubber seal into the outer terminal of the adapter, after which you can connect any plumbing fixtures in this place.
Insertion into a sewer riser
You can make a tie-in in the case of a sewer riser using different methods, and before you make a tie-in into a sewer pipe, you need to figure out how to do it. A standard sewer riser is equipped with 110 mm plastic pipes. When connecting pipes to a central sewer with a diameter of less than 50 mm, you can use an adapter, but for other cases it will not be suitable. For example, if there are other apartments above the insertion point, then the protruding parts of the pipe can interfere with the downward movement of drains, as a result of which the system becomes contaminated, up to a complete stop of its operation.If we take this aspect into account, then inserting a 50 mm pipe into the sewer riser will be done in exactly the same way as the connection was made using an adapter. The most important point in this case is the choice of the insertion location to ensure a sufficient slope for the inserted pipeline.
Cutting into a cast iron sewer pipe with a diameter of 110 mm will be a much more complex undertaking, especially compared to cutting into a plastic sewer pipe. However, this problem is also being solved. To implement such a connection, you will need two fittings - a tee and a compensator. A tee is required for the connection itself.
When choosing a tee, you need to rely on the diameters of the pipes that need to be connected. A compensator is, in fact, a piece of pipe that has a variable diameter. The wide part of the compensator is put on the riser from its lower part. Next, the opposite part of the structure is installed in the tee, as a result of which the riser is reconnected.
To install these fittings, you need to make accurate calculations. The most important indicator is the height at which the tee will be located. The outlet of this fitting must be at an appropriate level to ensure normal slope of the pipeline. It is also necessary to calculate what part of the riser will be in the socket of the tee, and find the bottom point at which the riser will be cut.
The upper mark also needs to be calculated. The cutout of the riser should be slightly longer than the length of the compensator so that the latter can be placed under the sewer riser. To find the upper level, it is enough to sum up the length of the compensator and the level of the lower mark.
Before starting the tapping, you need to complete the following work:
- Shut off the riser throughout the entire house.
- Prepare tools for performing work and cleaning after work.
- Clean and dry the riser in the area that will be repaired.
- first, a part of the riser is cut off, observing the design points (it is advisable to file the edges);
- the connection point of the compensator is treated with sealant;
- then the compensator is put on;
- now you need to cover the lower part of the riser with sealant;
- at this stage the tee is installed (before installing it, you need to check whether there is a seal in the tee);
- the lower part of the compensator is sealed;
- now the compensator is installed in its place;
- Next, you need to connect the pipelines or install a plug at the connection location;
- At this point, the work is completed, and the riser can be started again, after which all debris must be removed. The connection to the city sewer system has been completed.
Conclusion
Inserting an additional pipeline into a sewer pipe is not particularly difficult, but experience in construction is welcome. In some cases, it is worth using the services of specialists to avoid possible troubles that may arise due to unprofessional work.
When building a house near centralized networks, the owner is often faced with a choice: install an autonomous drainage system or connect to central communications.
Connecting a private home to the central sewer system is the most popular solution, but you need to know many subtleties: the main disadvantages and advantages of this approach, what documents and permits should be obtained, how to prepare a private area and how to make the connection correctly.
The answers to these questions are in this article.
Disadvantages and advantages of connecting to a central sewer system
Before making a final decision on choosing the type of sewer system, you should know all the advantages and disadvantages of connecting to the central network.
Advantages of this solution:
- the connection price is lower than the cost of installing an autonomous septic tank;
- perhaps save on materials;
- the problem of drainage of storm and domestic waters can be simultaneously solved;
- owners of a private house do not need to monitor the quality and volume of wastewater;
- there is no need to regularly clean and pump out liquid from special collection tanks used in autonomous sewer systems, so maintaining such a system is simpler and cheaper.
The main disadvantages include:
- the need to collect many documents and permits from various authorities;
- long waits to obtain permission;
- You will need to pay monthly fees for sewer use.
Where to start, what permits you need to obtain, what documents you will need
First of all, you need to find out what type of central sewer system is located next to a private house: separate or mixed. You should then calculate the preliminary costs and, if possible, reduce them as much as possible. For example, an effective way to save money is to collectively connect to a common network.
Before starting work on laying a central sewer line to a private house, the owner of the site needs to know where to apply for permits and what package of documents will be required.
List of required documents and where to apply to obtain them:
- land plan showing the pipeline connection diagram. Performed by organizations specializing in expert geodetic assessments;
- technical conditions for connecting to the main line. Compiled by companies that work in the field of sewerage network services;
- developed connection project to a common pipeline. Performed by a master designer taking into account the technical conditions and plan of a private site prepared at the previous stages;
- the project is approved by KP Vodokanal and the Architectural Department; at the same stage, an organization is selected to connect an individual branch to the city sewerage communications; the result is the conclusion of an agreement with the water utility.
Main stages of the procedure:
Connection quality control
According to the Building Codes and Regulations, the following requirements are put forward for the installed system:
Connection cost
Before deciding to connect to the central highway, the owners of a private house should know how much this procedure costs. The main cost item will be contacting specialists to calculate the depth of the pipes, design and draw up a work plan, as well as obtaining permission to insert.
Watch the video
Even if the creation of a trench and laying of pipes is carried out by the owner of the site himself, pipeline insertion can only be carried out by a water utility employee or a foreman from a company licensed by the utility company. If pipe laying is carried out by specialists, you will need to pay an average of 1000 rubles. per linear meter, and also pay separately for the installation of the pipe in the well.
Self-connection is not only expensive, but also quite troublesome. You will need to collect the entire package of documents, obtain the necessary permits from the relevant authorities and solve many other organizational problems. It is possible to make life much easier by using the services of specialized companies. The cost of connecting a private house to the sewer system will, of course, increase, but the company will take care of preparing a package of documents, obtain permission from neighbors to insert a pipe, design the work and have it certified by the water utility and the architect.
There is also the opportunity to save on connecting to a centralized highway. However, it is only available if sewerage renovation work is planned. If the owner of a private house contacts the representative office of KP Vodokanal and financially supports the modernization with a certain amount, then the organization can take on the design and connection, which will reduce costs. Also, the cost of connection will decrease if you carry out collective pipe insertion together with your neighbors.
Exploitation
Compared to an autonomous sewer system, the operation of a central sewer system requires fewer resources. However, even in this case, certain rules must be followed to avoid problems in the future.
Watch the video
Main operating rules:
- Do not throw large, durable objects that can clog pipes (for example, hair, paper, feminine hygiene products) down the drain;
- It is advisable to regularly clean siphons under sinks in the kitchen, as well as clean plumbing fixtures using a plunger and a wire brush;
- Use a wire brush to remove small clogs in the toilet. You can make such a device yourself by using a piece of cable with a fan-shaped end.
It is also recommended not to use strong volatile chemicals to clear clogs. This can cause poisoning of family members and negatively affects the ecological state of the environment. Instead, it is better to use hydrodynamic cleaning of plumbing equipment.
Storm sewer: how to connect to the central one
Once the decision has been made to connect to the central sewer system for domestic drainage, you should consider the question of how to remove rainwater from the site.
The least cost for this procedure will be required if the drainage is carried out to the area near a private house through a drainage system. However, this possibility is often not available, so it is best to drain stormwater into a central pipeline.
With a mixed type of connection, the following situation may occur: the precipitation level will rise significantly, as a result of which the sewer well will not be able to cope with a large amount of liquid. Then the runoff water along with sewage will rise to the top, which will bring many problems to the owner of the site.
To avoid such a nuisance, you can make a separate connection to the central sewerage system in a private house, i.e. Pipes for storm and domestic water will be separately connected to the common pipeline. The disadvantage of this approach is the increased cost of installing a second pipe and maintaining an additional system.
The procedure for collecting documents is similar to the process of preparing to connect a domestic sewer system. Permission from neighbors and relevant organizations will also be required if the pipes will pass in the area of the road surface, electrical networks or heating networks. It is necessary to prepare a private plot plan with a connection diagram, developed technical conditions, a created project, which must be certified by water utility specialists and an architect.
Preliminary work includes installing a special well, laying trenches, connecting them to the well, as well as connecting the internal sewerage system of a private house to a common outlet.
Watch the video
Before connecting, you must notify the water utility in writing about the start of work. The procedure itself is carried out with the personal presence of a water utility employee, who monitors compliance with all norms and rules.
It is important to note that if you unauthorizedly install a storm drain and insert it into the main line, the owner may receive a fine of an impressive amount. He will also be required to pay for the dismantling of the individual part of the pipeline.
Therefore, it is better to immediately collect all permits and documents, then, with timely payment, the owner of the site can use the sewer system for a long time without problems.
The arrangement of sewer systems is perhaps one of the most expensive (in terms of finances, time and nerves) areas of work. But it is impossible to do without sewerage. Especially if you plan to live in the house permanently. Sometimes it is more profitable to connect a cottage to a central sewer system. In situations where the house is located within the city. How does tapping into a sewer happen? Who should I contact and what documents do I need to fill out?
Insertion into the central sewer system: an economical and legal approach
Intrusion into any utility systems (heating, gas and water supply, wastewater disposal) must be carried out with the permission of their owner. Illegal tapping into a sewer is just an unnecessary waste of financial and time resources. You will have to pay a fine and dismantle the unauthorized section of the system at your own expense. Therefore, it is better to do everything legally.
1. Find out which organization is responsible for the disposal and treatment of wastewater in the area adjacent to the house.
2. Collect the necessary documents and perform preparatory work.
3. It is legal to connect to the city sewer system.
Now let’s take a closer look at each stage and outline options for saving money.
Going to authorities, collecting papers, signing them, and approving them can be entrusted to a specialized company. But for this you will have to pay a tidy sum of money. If you do everything yourself, you will save money.
You can also find the right words and a solid justification for contacting the water utility with a proposal to improve the sewer line adjacent to your house. The task is to convince city services of the benefits of this event.
You, as the owner of the house, will not have to call a surveyor, coordinate a connection plan, or register it with the necessary authorities. All we need is your financial help.
Vodokanal will be able to modernize one of the branches of the central sewer system and improve its reporting. This event is beneficial for both parties.
Another way to save is a collective connection to the central sewer system. Talk to your neighbors. Perhaps someone also wants to connect to the city sewer. It will be more profitable to do this at the same time.
Preparatory work
How to prepare for a connection to the city sewer system?
1. Install an inspection well on the site.
It is needed for preventive inspection, cleaning and maintenance of the sewer line. Without an inspection well, you will not be allowed to connect to the central system. Since problems in your branch can lead to failure of the entire sewer system.
2. Connect the internal wastewater drainage system to the inspection well.
The sewer pipes that come from the house must lie at a depth of at least one hundred and twenty centimeters. The slope of the sewerage per linear meter of pipeline is five millimeters (approximately). If you tilt the pipe less, the risk of blockages increases. If you make a slope of more than seven millimeters, pipe wear increases.
Connection to the city sewer
When all the preparatory work has been completed, you must inform the sewerage network company about your desire to connect to the sewer.
The connection procedure consists of several stages:
1. Call a surveyor.
A specialist examines the area. Will develop a situation plan, which will indicate the house plan and the plan of the future sewer line.
2. Submitting an application.
An application is submitted to the sewerage service company with a request to develop individual technical conditions for wastewater disposal.
3. Registration and approval of the project for entering the central sewer system.
You give the finished situation plan and technical specifications to the designers. Based on them, a project for entering the central sewer network is drawn up. This document must be approved by the water utility and the architect. The latter must also give permission for connection work to be carried out by one or another organization.
In some cases, neighbors' permission may be required to carry out renovation work near their property. If the new sewer line crosses the road surface, permission from the road maintenance service and the automobile inspection will be required.
When all the work is completed, the water utility must be notified about the launch of the line. The company servicing the sewerage network accepts the completed project and enters into an agreement to receive wastewater.
If the central sewerage pipeline is located above the area where the house is located, it is necessary to equip a pressure sewer.
The location of the receiving well (2) is determined on the site. It is equipped according to the principle of a simple septic tank. Wastewater from the house (1) enters the sump of the receiving well (2a). The wastewater, cleared of large suspended matter, flows through the grate (9) into the pumping tank (2 b). A pump (10) is installed here, which will transport wastewater to the general sewerage system (8). The pump power depends on the following conditions:
- length of pressure line (6); this is a pipeline that removes wastewater from the site;
- the amount of drainage rise (how low the area is relative to the central highway);
- number of drains.
The pressure pipeline leads to the inspection well (3). From here the wastewater will flow into the city network by gravity (7).
It is possible to install a pressure sewer system for several neighboring houses at once. The receiving well is made common. Accordingly, its size and pump power will be larger. If such work is planned, it is better to connect your home right away. Subsequent unauthorized tapping into the sewer can lead to overcrowding of the receiving well, breakdown of the pump, problems with neighbors and large fines.
Methods for inserting into a sewer pipe
How can I connect a branch to an existing sewer pipe?
1. Through a tee.
Saw and cut out a piece of the existing pipe. A tee will be installed at this location. Therefore, the dimensions of the cut piece must correspond to the dimensions of the tee.
The tee is put on the pipe sections using a coupling. The joints are welded.
If you need to connect to a system of plastic pipes, then one pipe is replaced with two sections. And between them a pipe is inserted to connect an additional branch. The preparation of a pipe section with a pipe is shown in the diagram:
2. Via adapter.
Modern transition device. To connect to the sewer system via an adapter, perform the following steps:
- shutting off water in the system;
- put a bit of a suitable diameter on the drill and make a hole in the pipe with it;
- if the adapter has bolts, then pull it onto the pipe and tighten the bolts;
- if the device is without bolts, then degrease the surface, apply a cut-in and tighten the nut.
Insertion into the sewer pipe must be carried out by specialists. Since the serviceability of the system and the absence of leaks during operation depend on its quality.
What could be better than your own home? Only a house that has nearby central communications networks. After all, then ideas about comfort generally take on a different meaning. Judge for yourself. There is a living space where neighbors don’t yell outside its walls. There is some piece of land on which you can not only install a gazebo and put up a barbecue, but also plant a vegetable garden and plant a garden to delight yourself and your loved ones with environmentally friendly products. Also, in the case of a private house, you can forget about the daily search for a parking space - the car will always be parked in one place and within walking distance. Already good! And to all this is added the absence of problems with finding sources of water supply and pumping out liquid waste from a cesspool or septic tank.
These “lucky ones” are most often located nearby large settlements. And they just need to collect the necessary documents, go through the approval procedure and choose a method of connecting to the network, if options are provided. All this will be discussed in this article. True, we will only touch on the sewerage system.
Required documents
In order to begin the procedure for legally registering a connection to the central sewer network you need to collect the following documents:
- plan of the land plot and domestic sewerage;
- certificate for the house and land, i.e. documents confirming ownership rights;
- future connection diagram issued by the water utility and signed by the design company;
- permission from the chief architect of the district to carry out these works. Moreover, the permit here is issued either to a specific company that will carry out the work, or for an independent installation;
- a document certifying that the new pipe section does not affect other pipes of the central network;
- written consent of neighbors (if necessary);
- notification to the service company about the time of work.
Connection steps
As mentioned earlier, work on connecting to the central sewerage network can be carried out by a contractor or in-house. These methods have the same goal, but the means to achieve them are different. So, if this is a contractor, then basically you only have to spend money. Well, or even lose your voice, in case of dishonesty of employees. But if you plan to carry out the work yourself, then you can save money. But then, all the problems associated with this fall on your shoulders.
To reduce these difficulties, it is advisable stick to the following plan:
1. Develop a diagram of the future connection. To do this, you need to contact the organization that provides these services. Usually these are companies licensed to carry out geodetic work.
2. Develop technical conditions necessary for connection. To do this, you need to collect a certain package of documents and bring it to the organization that services the sewer network you are interested in.
3. Go through the procedure of agreeing on the connection diagram and technical conditions with the district architect.
4. Connect the cottage to the central sewer network. Moreover, this must be done under the supervision of a specialist from the water utility.
5. Notify the service company about the work done and conclude a drainage agreement with it.
Connection methods
As you know, a central drainage system can collect not only domestic wastewater, but also rainwater. Therefore, ways to connect a property to There are two central sewer networks:
- Separated- this is when a pipe with domestic water is connected to one pipe, and with a storm water pipe - to another pipe. Moreover, the latter may not be embedded. And by digging a special container into the ground, drain the rainwater there and use it for your own needs. For example, for watering a garden.
- Mixed- all water from the site is discharged into one pipe, which is part of a mixed sewer system.
Preparatory work
Before connecting to the network, you must perform the following preparatory work:
1. Dig a trench for the pipeline. This can be done either manually or using a mini-excavator.
2. Dig an inspection well on your plot of land. It is necessary for the maintenance of domestic sewerage.
3. Lay pipes to the central sewerage network. Moreover, this should be done so that the pipeline slope is 3-5 cm per 1 linear meter. This slope is necessary so that wastewater flows away by gravity.
In conclusion, I would like to note once again that the connection work property to the central sewerage system, should only be carried out after approval from regulatory authorities. Otherwise, the violator will face a fine and the cost of dismantling what was done.
