How important is it and is it necessary to waterproof the foundation? How to waterproof various types of foundations with your own hands How to do vertical waterproofing of a foundation

Before you run to the store for waterproofing material, you first need to clarify the so-called hydraulic characteristics of the soil on your site - it is this indicator that is decisive when selecting waterproofing for a specific type of soil.

1. Coating (painting)

This group includes “liquid” materials – bitumen-containing mixtures and solutions, and bitumen itself. Coating bitumen waterproofing of the foundation will “stick” to the surface of the concrete structure for a maximum of 6 years; after this period, the coating will lose its elasticity, crack and become quite brittle (if frost hits, such a coating will not be of much use).

True, bitumen-based includes such components as polymer raw material (polymer mastic), which contains filler with mineral additives.

And the percentage of cement gives the liquid composition additional adhesive properties - the solution “grabs” well to the surface of the concrete foundation. Coating waterproofing is also excellent for very hard surfaces subject to vibration and deformation.

This type of waterproofing is used in cases where it is necessary to protect surfaces from flooding with groundwater and for draining soils.

The thickness of the coating insulation layer can be from 1 to 3 mm - and the entire solution “settles” into the micropores of the concrete foundation structure and forms hermetically sealed “plugs” that clog the pores.

When waterproofing the surface of the plinth walls with bitumen mastic, it is necessary to observe all protective measures and ensure that the solution does not get on the skin of the hands and feet, or into the respiratory tract. The liquid waterproofing of the foundation itself is applied with a spatula to a previously (and carefully) prepared surface.

In addition to bitumen-containing materials, the modern market uses foundation waterproofing with liquid glass - this is the same solution based not on bitumen, but on liquid glass.

The advantages of coating waterproofing include:

Availability (this is one of the most popular types of “liquid” insulation, which can be found in almost any construction market)
Low cost compared to other types of materials and compositions for foundations
Good application to the surface (for example, waterproofing a foundation with liquid rubber is quite easy)

The disadvantages of this type of material include:

Durability (maximum service life is six years)
Destruction of insulation in places of deformation seams during shrinkage of a concrete structure
Fragility of the covering layer in severe frosts (low tensile strength)
Drying time (for this reason, waterproofing with liquid material cannot be used in wet weather)
The need for additional protection against the formation of fungi, mold and plant roots

As you can see, the relative cheapness of the coating material turns out to be imaginary.

2. Pasting (roll)

All rolled foundation materials are one of the most inexpensive waterproofing materials.

For example, this is the same roofing felt, roofing felt, film - all of them, of course, are considered good protectors from moisture, but the service life of these materials is even shorter than that of coating materials. So, waterproofing the foundation with roofing felt (without reinforcement, of course) will last no longer than three years.

Today, however, manufacturers are striving to improve (if you can call it that) their products, and therefore they are being replaced by new materials - with increased strength indicators, reinforced with polyester and other polymer additives that increase the elasticity of the material. These include a variety of rolled materials such as ecoflex, isoelast, fiberglass, etc.

The peculiarity of using such roll waterproofing is that the foundation should be waterproofed twice - in two layers, layer by layer.

Why is roll waterproofing also called laminated waterproofing? Because many of the modern polymer roll films for waterproofing have an adhesive base on the “inner” side, which is glued to the surface.

However, glued waterproofing of foundations has its drawback - in order to avoid possible damage to the material, it must either be carefully fused or glued very carefully. In the case of surfacing, you will have to work with a construction burner - and this is an expensive pleasure for owners of private houses (you will have to either purchase equipment or rent it).

Another significant factor is the modification of polymer waterproofing. For example, there are membranes based on bitumen and polymer components - and the same product can be either low-modified or highly modified.

The latter leads to an increase in the cost of the material - and this is due to the quality of the product. And yet, one of the cheapest waterproofing in this segment remains the film for waterproofing the foundation - “cheap and cheerful”.

3.1. Penetrating

It is the same liquid mixture as the coating waterproofing solution, but with a slight difference in the principle of action: if the coating waterproofing of the foundation “envelops” the concrete surface, then the penetrating one acts, as the name suggests, by “penetration” - i.e. . , after applying it to the foundation walls, the composition passes into the pores of the structure, solidifying inside.

Today, penetrating foundation waterproofing is one of the new products in its segment. In appearance, it resembles a simple white primer or ceramic liquid, but in consistency it is a mixture of acrylic, polymer substances and tiny ceramic particles.

The particles are small vacuum capsules - they help reduce the heat transfer coefficient of a structure coated with a penetrating mixture.

Manufacturers have achieved unique properties - along with good elasticity, the mixture fits perfectly on the surface of foundation walls, while simultaneously protecting structures from moisture, the formation of fungi, and even corrosion.

Today, penetrating waterproofing is used not only mainly to protect the foundations of buildings, but also for such structures, the location of which does not provide for the arrangement of ventilation systems.

Among the advantages can be noted:

its economy - a thin layer is enough to protect the surface from moisture,
light weight (a thin layer of less than 1 mm will not weigh down the overall structure of the foundation, unlike the lining),
drying speed, ease of application, possibility of use both indoors and outdoors, durability.
Almost like polymer waterproofing of the foundation, it can last up to 15 years.

However, like any material, penetrating waterproofing has its drawbacks.

One of these is the relative fragility of the material - for example, if the composition is applied to the surface of a concrete structure that has cracked due to the failure to reach the required strength, then the penetrating insulation will simply collapse.

3.2. Injection waterproofing

Injection can be considered a type of penetrating insulation: its method of action is no less effective, and the advantages are obvious:

Good service life.
Excellent protection against moisture and temperature changes.
Good thermal insulation and anti-corrosion properties.

In most cases, injection waterproofing of the foundation is used in conjunction with liquid rubber (or liquid glass). Depending on the type of raw material composition, this type of waterproofing may have increased elastic properties, flexibility, and manufacturability. The injections are environmentally friendly and have excellent adhesive properties.

In addition to its main qualities, injection insulation has become popular due to its maintainability - it can be “repaired” in the event of mechanical or thermal damage.

Particularities of application include only the uniform distribution of the layer of waterproofing material - if the mixture is applied correctly, then seams on the walls, small cracks in the plaster and minor irregularities (flaws, defects) will be practically unnoticeable.

The disadvantages of this type of waterproofing include a relatively short service life - only five years, after which it is advisable to repeat the injection procedure.

4. Mounted foundation waterproofing

This type of waterproofing is also not quite common, because for it. For example, the most popular clay today is bentonite clay (or rather, mats based on it).

Its design principle is as follows:

bentonite mats are laid between cardboard or geotextiles, which after some time decompose directly in the ground.
the mats themselves remain, the result is a foundation covered with .

Note that waterproofing the foundation with clay is practically not suitable for application to the walls of the base - that is, where the insulating material must come into contact with air. Therefore, it is advisable to use it only as a waterproofing material under the foundation slab.

5. Membrane

The membrane material is made from a special PVC sheet with the addition of plasticizers. Various polymer components increase the service life of the material up to 50 years.

The advantages of membrane waterproofing of the foundation are as follows:

Heat resistance.
Durability.
Resistance to chemically aggressive environments and the effects of various microorganisms.
High resistance to increased temperature changes (membrane waterproofing does not change its quality indicators).
Does not stick or adhere to concrete surfaces.
Elasticity - thanks to this property, it can be used for foundations that have not yet “got through” the shrinkage of the structure.
Easy to install - it is laid in almost the same way as built-up foundation waterproofing.

Waterproofing the foundation with membrane sheets is possible using special equipment (a construction hair dryer that welds the sheets).

Well, there is perhaps only one downside to such a waterproofing material – the high cost of consumables, the finished product, and welding work.

6. Cut-off

The very name of this type of foundation waterproofing already speaks for itself: cut-off waterproofing of the foundation helps to “cut off” capillary moisture - it should be used in places of contact between the lower parts of the walls and the upper surfaces of the foundation.

In most cases, horizontal cut-off insulation is used - these are roll materials, bitumen mastic, and polymer film.

In addition to horizontal, you can also use vertical cut-off waterproofing - the difference in insulating surfaces will be in the position of the material.

For vertical cut-off waterproofing, you can use insulating PVC tapes - judging by consumer reviews, more than half prefer to use insulation with a relief surface (it increases the adhesion forces of the material to the concrete surface).

However, cut-off waterproofing can be not only rolled, but also injection - this is especially required for those houses whose foundations are located in areas with high groundwater levels (or in places of high dampness).

In pre-drilled holes of small diameters, which fills the micropore structure of the foundation and prevents groundwater from entering the structure. Thus, this type of insulation protects the foundation from vertical suction of moisture contained in the soil.

7. Sprayable

This type of waterproofing is classified as “liquid” - it is applied using special spraying equipment. The advantages include:

ease of use (a spray bottle is filled with the mixture, which is then sprayed onto the surface of the walls of the plinth and foundation),
no need for preparatory work (for example, if coating or adhesive waterproofing should be applied to a previously cleaned and sanded surface for better adhesion, then sprayed foundation waterproofing does not require special “measures”) - the maximum that may be needed is to sweep away construction dust from surfaces.
The material for spraying can be ordinary cement mortar with plasticizer additives that have a penetrating effect (quartz, cement and active additives).
But the disadvantage is the need to reinforce the sprayed surface in order to secure the material. In addition, spraying will not eliminate or hide even small flaws (defects) of the foundation surface, so the slightest irregularities will still be “visible.” Therefore, there is another disadvantage of using this type of waterproofing - the impossibility of applying complex shapes to buildings (for them it is also impossible to use and adhesive roll insulation).

8. Polyurea

This is not a very “tasty” name - not at all what you thought. Polyurea is a polymer substance that basically contains polyester components, which impart good ductility to the material due to its increased viscosity properties.

However, due to the high drying rate, the viscous material becomes plastic-like, turning into a protective plastic film, which is distinguished by its moisture resistance, resistance to mechanical damage and temperature changes.

At its core, foundation waterproofing with polyurea is nothing more than applying a coating layer to the surface of concrete structures. Due to its “solidity”, polyurea leaves absolutely no marks or seams on the surface, and the structure of “continuity” prevents the formation of “cold bridges”, therefore, heat losses and moisture penetration into the structure are not dangerous.

The construction of the foundation is the first and most critical stage in the construction of any building, therefore each phase of its construction is of great importance. And if no one will argue that it is impossible to save on strengthening the foundation, then on the issue of its waterproofing, opinions are not so clear. Some people mistakenly believe that waterproofing the foundation is more desirable than mandatory. This is wrong. The lack of water protection can have an extremely negative impact on the strength of the foundation. We will tell you in this article what types of waterproofing are used for different types of foundations and how to do it correctly with your own hands.

Why do you need water protection for your foundation?

Before we look at the different types of waterproofing, it is important to understand why it is so necessary.

The foundation is exposed to moisture on all sides: on the inside it is moistened by groundwater and wastewater, and on the outside by precipitation and melting snow.

The main material from which the foundation is made, namely concrete, itself is not afraid of moisture. But it is not a waterproofing material either, therefore, moisture can get both inside the concrete and seep through it.

This is fraught with two unpleasant consequences: firstly, under the influence of moisture, the reinforcement inside the concrete can corrode and rust, which will lead to weakening of the entire structure. Secondly, moisture, penetrating through the foundation into the structure, can become fertile ground for the formation of various fungi and microorganisms.

It is these two problems that foundation waterproofing is designed to solve.

High-quality waterproofing of the foundation is the key to the reliability and durability of the building

General rules

To install high-quality waterproofing, you need to know not only the basic requirements for its installation, but also the features of each specific site where construction is being carried out.

The foundation must be reliably protected from groundwater. If their level is higher than the level of the foundation, then in addition to waterproofing it is necessary to build a drainage system.
The function of protecting the foundation from external moisture is performed by the blind area.
When installing waterproofing, it is necessary to take into account the composition of local groundwater.

For example, if so-called aggressive water is detected at a construction site, it will be necessary to use appropriate materials for waterproofing.

You should take care not only of the foundation itself, but also of the walls in the basement and on the ground floor.

Features in the process of building a house

The most correct solution would be to install waterproofing during the construction of the foundation.

In this case, it becomes possible to protect the foundation strip not only on the sides and top, but also from the bottom, which will be almost impossible after the foundation has already been laid.

The main feature of foundation waterproofing during construction is the construction of a lower waterproofing layer, which takes the “main blow” when protecting the structure from groundwater.

There are several technologies for creating lower waterproofing - a cushion of sand and crushed stone and a direct layer of insulating material.

The structure of the waterproofing cushion resembles a layer cake

As for the processing of the walls and the upper part of the foundation, any of the technologies that we will talk about can be used during construction.

Waterproofing the finished foundation

If waterproofing work was not carried out during the laying of the foundation, this significantly complicates the task and does not make it possible to protect the structure in full.

Waterproofing a finished foundation begins with preparing a trench around the entire perimeter. If this is not done, only the outer part of the tape can be processed, which will significantly reduce the protective properties of the structure.

Without first excavating a trench, waterproofing a finished foundation is almost impossible

The depth of the trench must be at least 50 centimeters, otherwise waterproofing the grounded part of the foundation will be ineffective.

The foundation surface is checked for chips and cracks. If found, they should be sealed with a solution, after which a layer of plaster should be applied over the entire surface of the foundation. When the plaster has dried, the selected waterproofing material is applied to it. And after the waterproofing layer has dried, the trench is buried and a blind area is built on top of it.

Kinds

Based on its purpose, foundation waterproofing is divided into two types: anti-filtration and anti-corrosion.

Anti-filtration

Anti-filtration waterproofing is used where there are “aggressive” waters or the level of groundwater pressure on the foundation strip is quite high. To install this type of waterproofing, it is necessary to carefully study the soil characteristics and the composition of groundwater. In addition, such insulation requires complex design, so it is better to invite specialists specializing in this type of work to install it.

Anti-corrosion

Anti-corrosion waterproofing is the most common type of foundation water protection

Anti-corrosion waterproofing is the most common type of moisture protection, which can be easily done with your own hands. Such waterproofing can be applied in various ways: pasting, painting, impregnation and other methods.

Depending on the type of location, there are two types of anti-corrosion waterproofing: horizontal and vertical.

Horizontal

Horizontal waterproofing serves as protection against moisture penetration into the building itself.

Designed to protect foundation walls from capillary absorption. As a rule, two horizontal insulation systems, independent of each other, are created: the first under the basement floor and the second on top of the foundation slabs at the main support points.

Vertical

The main task of vertical waterproofing is to protect the foundation from groundwater

It is located from the base of the foundation to the level of splashing rainwater. The method of application and thickness of such waterproofing are determined before the construction of the foundation begins.

Water-repellent materials

Modern foundation waterproofing can be done using various materials.

Let's look at the most popular of them.

Bituminous mastic or, as it is also called, bitumen resin, is the most common and cheapest material for waterproofing. The technology for applying mastic is classified as a coating method for waterproofing. 7 parts of resin and 3 parts of used machine oil are placed in a large metal container. Light a fire under the container and heat the mixture until a homogeneous mass is formed. After this, using a brush or roller, the solution is applied to the surface of the foundation.

The method of applying bitumen mastic is practically no different from conventional painting.

Please note that hot resin can cause serious burns! When working, be sure to follow safety regulations!

Hot mastic not only covers the foundation from above, but also penetrates into the pores of the concrete, providing a fairly good level of protection from moisture.

Roll materials

Several types of materials fall into this category. All of them are a base that can be rolled up (hence the name), with a waterproofing layer applied to it. Rolled materials can be used either independently or in combination with other water-repellent agents.

The most common of the rolled materials is roofing felt. It is quite convenient to use and has a relatively low cost. To attach roofing felt to the foundation walls, just heat it up and apply it to the surface of the tape.

The most reliable way to lay roofing felt is fusing

Rolled materials also include rubitex, technoelast, stekloizol, hydrostekloizol and others. Unlike roofing felt, which is based on construction cardboard, these materials are made on the basis of polyester, which significantly improves their quality, but at the same time makes it more expensive.

This material is very easy to apply to any surface using a roller or brush. It has excellent water-repellent properties and, importantly, is completely non-flammable. In addition, liquid rubber allows you to make the waterproofing layer seamless, which undoubtedly improves the characteristics of the coating.

Liquid rubber is applied using a spray bottle

Plaster and screen insulation

Such compositions allow you to simultaneously level the surface and make it moisture resistant. The principle of working with plaster waterproofing is practically no different from the process of applying conventional plaster.

Applying plaster waterproofing is practically no different from applying conventional plaster

The only difference is that the screen insulation includes water-repellent components such as hydroconcrete, polymer concrete and asphalt mastics.

A modern waterproofing material that can be classified as a roll material. True, unlike them, the mats on both sides have a base made of polypropylene geotextile material. Between the layers of the base there is a layer of special granules. When in contact with water, the granules swell, forming a dense water-repellent gel.

Between the two protective layers are granules that, after contact with water, turn into a water-repellent gel

Photo gallery: materials for waterproofing

Foundation with finished waterproofing made of bentonite mats One of the most common materials for waterproofing is bitumen mastic. Liquid rubber is sold in the same cans as bitumen mastic. After application, liquid rubber forms a continuous waterproof layer Roll waterproofing based on polyester A universal material suitable for both horizontal and vertical waterproofing One of the most reliable and durable types of waterproofing is bentonite mats. Plaster waterproofing can be applied either with a spatula or with a regular brush.

Comparison of materials

To make it easier for you to compare all the “pros” and “cons” of various materials, we have combined them into a table.

Table “Characteristics of materials for waterproofing”

Material	Advantages	Flaws	Price
	Suitable for any type of foundation. Possibility to completely apply waterproofing alone.	The coating lasts no more than five years.	One of the cheapest waterproofing options.
Roll waterproofing	A universal material suitable for both horizontal and vertical waterproofing.	The need for preliminary surface preparation.	Wide price range - from low (roofing felt) to high (technoelast, stekloizol).
	Reliable waterproofing material with a long service life.	Quite a complex application technology. The need for preparatory work.	Average price category.
Plaster insulation	Possibility to avoid surface preparation.	The need to use an additional layer of waterproofing.	Average category, but due to savings on preparatory work it can be classified as low.
	One of the most reliable and durable materials.	Hardly ever.	High price category.

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of various types of foundations

Monolithic (slab) foundation

Monolithic foundation with finished vertical waterproofing made using the coating method

Monolithic construction has become the most popular in recent years, so we will begin to consider waterproofing technologies with a monolithic foundation. Since the method of water protection for this foundation is practically no different from protecting a slab foundation, we will combine them into one section. The only difference is that components can be added to the monolithic foundation at the pouring stage to increase its water-repellent properties.

Waterproofing a monolithic foundation begins with a “pillow”. Which, as a rule, is made of bulk material (sand, gravel or crushed stone) coated with a water-repellent layer. The walls and top of the foundation can be protected with either rolled or coating waterproofing material.

It is more preferable to use a coating material, since it, penetrating into the pores of concrete, provides a higher level of protection of the foundation from moisture.

If waterproofing is carried out with roll materials, then they must be laid in at least two layers, with a seam overlap of 10-15 centimeters.

When waterproofing a prefabricated foundation, special attention should be paid to joints and seams

Moisture protection of strip foundations has a number of features. It can also be performed using both coating and roll materials. At the same time, do not forget about waterproofing the ends of the slabs, and also that before applying the waterproofing material, it is necessary to carefully seal all the joints between the slabs and the recesses and irregularities that appeared during installation.

Sealing of seams is mandatory in all cases, except those when plaster waterproofing is used as the first water-repellent layer.

Columnar foundation

In this case, the coating method of waterproofing was used

It is a series of supports located at the corners of the walls of the building, as well as at their intersection points.

Waterproofing a columnar foundation is a rather complex process. For this purpose, it is best to use a combined bulk and coating type waterproofing. That is, during pouring, special water-repellent mixtures should be poured into the foundation formwork, and after hardening, the surface of the piles should be treated with coating mastic.

When choosing a mastic, you should give preference to a material with a penetrating effect.

Video: installation and waterproofing of a columnar foundation

When waterproofing the foundation of a bathhouse, special attention is paid to the horizontal layer

Waterproofing the foundation of a bathhouse requires a special approach. Firstly, when laying it, it is advisable to lay at least three layers of roofing felt or other rolled material, and secondly, do not forget about high-quality waterproofing of the lower log of the log house. For this purpose, you can use special mastics and antiseptics, but they must be applied at least twice as thick as when building an ordinary wooden house.

Waterproofing the foundation is a rather complex and expensive process. But in no case should you save on it, since in this case you risk not only getting an “unhealthy” atmosphere in your home, but also jeopardizing its reliability. Good luck with your renovation!

Owners of country houses try to make the most efficient use of the area allocated for construction. This is explained by the high cost of land in the suburban area, and the desire to reduce the cost of the project, since it is more profitable to build housing in several tiers than to scatter several one-story buildings that have the same usable area. For this reason, in most cases, a basement is made, the external walls of which are the buried foundation of the house, made of reinforced concrete monolith or blocks.

In order for the basement to ultimately have a full-fledged comfortable room with an acceptable microclimate, it should be protected from ground moisture, for which purpose waterproofing the foundation with your own hands is done. You can hire someone for these purposes, but if you can save a little at this stage of construction, why not. From the article you will learn what is the essence of protecting the foundation of a house from moisture, and how to waterproof the foundation efficiently, inexpensively, and with your own hands. To consolidate the information received, you will be offered to watch a video on this topic.

Why is it necessary to waterproof the base of a building?

Why do you need to protect the foundation wall from moisture? Those who build on wetlands will not understand the question. However, in many areas the groundwater is quite deep, and precipitation throughout the year cannot be called abundant. Is it worthwhile to install waterproofing in this case?

It's worth it, and here's why. Firstly, no one can reliably predict how the course of surface ground currents may change in the near future. There is no guarantee that in a year or two, water from below will not approach a completely dry area. What awaits the owner of the building in this option? You need to forget about the basement, or do waterproofing with an already functioning building. And this is very labor-intensive and expensive, and besides, there is no question of doing it yourself.

Secondly, the climate is now very changeable. Where it rained twenty years ago, you won’t get it now, and vice versa. There is no point in expecting that it will always be dry. So it is much more profitable and convenient to protect underground walls at the construction stage, so as not to return to this problem later.

What does the waterproofing work package include?

High-quality protection from moisture of an underground structure involves a set of technological operations aimed at waterproofing all surfaces in contact with the ground. Moreover, it is necessary to provide hydroprotection from water approaching from below, as well as from atmospheric moisture. The full range of waterproofing measures consists of the following technological stages:

horizontal moisture insulation;

vertical protection from excess ground moisture;

arrangement of a drainage system;

installation of high-quality blind area around the perimeter of the building.

Creating a reliable horizontal water barrier will protect the basement from water coming from below. Sometimes groundwater puts significant pressure on the basement floor, so you need to carefully protect the basement floor and subfloor.

Vertical waterproofing is applied to the external foundation surface and is intended primarily to be a barrier to excess ground moisture that accumulates due to precipitation. When groundwater rises above the base of the building, a vertical hydraulic barrier created using standard technology will be ineffective in this situation. Drainage is required to drain water.

If construction is carried out in a region characterized by heavy rainfall, 50% of the success of vertical moisture protection depends on pouring a reliable blind area that will drain sedimentary water away from the outer foundation surface. So this stage of construction should be given due attention if you want to keep the basement walls dry. Now let's look at the most common and effective technological methods that can be used to carry out work on each of the listed waterproofing measures.

Horizontal moisture protection

You can create a horizontal waterproof cushion, which is the base of the basement floor, before pouring (installing from blocks) the foundation, or after. It is better to do this before, as there will be no need to waterproof the base of the foundation wall. To work you will need the following.

Materials and tools

As a water barrier, you can use a thick continuous polyethylene film, or a rolled waterproofing material, hydroglass insulation, for example. As an auxiliary agent, bitumen or mastic based on it is applied. In addition you will need:

concrete, or ingredients for its preparation (fine gravel, sand, portladder cement);

coarse gravel;

river sand or fine screenings (for bedding);

reinforcement (6-8 mm) or strong reinforcing mesh for screed.

The following tool should be prepared:

mechanical or manual tamping;

concrete mixer;

gas burner (if hydroglass insulation);

welding machine or binding wire (if fittings).

Sequence of work

As a result of the work carried out, a horizontal reinforced slab base should be obtained, with an internal moisture-proofing layer protruding approximately half a meter beyond the outer perimeter of the foundation. That is, the installation of the base of the building will take place on a ready-made slab base, protected from water approaching from below.

The bottom of the pit is leveled and compacted as much as possible;

Backfilling is carried out, first with gravel (about 10 cm), then with sand (about 5 cm), after which a rough layer of concrete is poured (up to 10 cm). For greater reliability, the rough slab base can be reinforced;

Important! Before pouring concrete, be sure to thoroughly saturate the backfill with water. If this is not done, the moisture from the cement mortar will quickly go down, causing the strength of the concrete to become minimal. Moreover, leveling the solution that has lost moisture will be very problematic.

After the first layer of concrete has set, the film can be laid if it is intended as a water barrier. In the case when it is planned to apply bitumen mastic, in order to glue the rolled material, it is necessary to wait until the concrete dries;

The polyethylene sheet is laid in one or two layers, after which a reinforcing frame is mounted and a finishing screed is poured over the entire area of the slab base (preferably along the beacons);

Installation of roll waterproofing is done as follows: apply molten bitumen or mastic to the dried base. Application is done with a stiff brush. After the material has set, hydroglass insulation is rolled out completely (roofing material can be used). During installation, the material is heated using a gas burner or blowtorch and glued to the base. The dense layers are overlapped, the joints are heated and immediately pressed with a sliding movement. For this, a device in the form of a poker is used.

Important! Installation of a horizontal moisture-proof base can be done after the construction of the foundation structure. The simply described method makes the whole complex of work, which includes waterproofing the foundation with your own hands, less expensive both in terms of material costs and in terms of the labor intensity of the process.

Vertical moisture protection

This type of work involves applying a water barrier layer on the outside of the foundation wall, which would protect the concrete structure from excess ground moisture. The simplest method for self-installation, yet quite effective, is the application of roll waterproofing materials. There are several other types of products used for similar purposes, but some of them are ineffective (hydrophobic plaster, for example), or very expensive and require knowledge of technology (how to apply), as well as special equipment for this.

To clearly understand the rules of foundation waterproofing, it is recommended to watch the video below, where you can not only see how to apply a water barrier layer, but also hear useful recommendations and descriptions of the nuances of the work from an expert builder. Also in the video, a specialist explains the purpose of the drainage system. We will further figure out how to build drainage for groundwater drainage yourself.

How to make a drainage system?

The installation of drainage communications is usually carried out by specialized teams, although, if you have the necessary information and a strong desire, such work can be done independently at the construction stage. Of course, you will have to hire someone to build a drainage well, but installing the system itself is not so difficult.

Tools and materials

You will need simple tools related to excavation work (shovels, crowbar, perhaps a hammer drill will come in handy somewhere). You can use a water level to determine the slope. The following materials will be needed:

large crushed stone or gravel;

special perforated drainage pipe;

connecting elements for pipes.

Work order

The underground drainage system is installed after the creation of the slab base and the construction of the foundation wall. First you need to determine the natural slope and plan a place for installing a drain well in the lowest place. After work, they are performed in the following sequence:

Dig a trench about 25-30 cm (bayonet-wise) along the perimeter of the foundation. The width of the recess is arbitrary, ranging from 50-80 cm.

The trench is filled with gravel to a level that is 10 cm below the slab base (or the base of the foundation, if horizontal waterproofing was done after the foundation of the house).

A drainage pipe is laid in the center of the trench over the gravel backfill. It is necessary to ensure that the slope is constantly maintained along its course from the highest point to the drainage well.

After laying the pipe, another layer of coarse crushed stone is added, which will protect the drainage pipeline from the pressure of the soil layers that will be filled in later.

Now, if groundwater approaches, it will be discharged into the constructed reservoir without reaching the level of the base. Water can be pumped out from the drainage well at any time.

Upper hydraulic protection of the foundation (blind area)

The screed around the building protects the underlying foundation surface from excess moisture during heavy rains or when snow melts. The ideal option is when a clay castle is created under the blind area to the depth of the building’s foundation. However, clay tends to compact for a very long time, which can take 2-3 years. Therefore, now few people want to make a clay belt.

Important! Before pouring the blind area, you should make sure that the soil poured around the base of the building is completely compacted. If this does not happen, the screed around the perimeter of the house will crack and eventually collapse completely.

How to make a blind area

To create a moisture-proof belt, you will need the same tools as for arranging the screed (trowel, usually a plaster float), as well as everything necessary for excavation work. The following materials will be needed.

When constructing a private house, the most important stage of construction is waterproofing the foundation, without which it is impossible to guarantee the strength of the structure.

Many people know that rain, groundwater and capillary water can penetrate the foundation of any house, thereby undermining it, causing subsidence and deformation of the entire structure. It is to protect structures from moisture accumulation that the foundation is waterproofed.

Work on arranging the waterproofing of a building can be carried out independently, although this process requires certain efforts and skills. But you can certainly independently protect the foundation from moisture.

Note! When constructing a brick or stone foundation, the waterproofing is laid above ground level to a height of 15-25 cm. If you plan to lay the floor on beams, then the foundation waterproofing is laid below the level of the beams by 5-15 cm.

Waterproofing technology

First of all, it is necessary to determine the complex of waterproofing works. In this case, it is necessary to take into account a number of conditions:

Soil heterogeneity;
Ground water level;
Operating conditions of the building.

If the maximum level of groundwater is below the base of the foundation (more than 1 m), then it is sufficient to perform horizontal waterproofing using roofing felt and vertical coating waterproofing.

If groundwater is closer than 1 m from the base of the foundation, but does not reach the basement level or rarely reaches it, then in order to install high-quality waterproofing it will be necessary to expand the range of measures:

In this case, horizontal waterproofing is done in two layers and the space between the layers is coated with mastic.
For vertical waterproofing, it is necessary to use both the coating and pasting methods.

If the budget allows, all concrete elements of the foundation and basement can be additionally treated with penetrating waterproofing.

If the groundwater level is located above the base of the foundation or there is often heavy rainfall in the area, then the arrangement of a drainage system should be added to the previous list of measures for waterproofing the foundation.

Horizontal and vertical waterproofing of the foundation

There are several ways to isolate the foundation from possible moisture penetration. The appropriate method is determined based on the technical features of the house and its foundation.

Depending on the location, foundation waterproofing can be:

vertical,
horizontal.

Vertical waterproofing

The main objective of this method is to protect the foundation from water that penetrates from the side of the house (rain and melt water, groundwater at high levels).

Depending on the soil moisture, vertical waterproofing can be painted, glued or combined.

How to do

Vertical waterproofing of the foundation is carried out only after the masonry of the plinth and foundation has completely dried. This method of insulation from moisture is a resinous (bitumen) coating of all foundation planes that come into contact with the ground.

In this case, the foundation planes must be dry, clean and smooth. Even when laying the foundation, the seams are carefully smoothed to avoid unevenness.

Bituminous paint or mastic is applied in two layers, the second layer should be applied only after the first has completely dried, waiting for about 4 hours for it to completely harden. For the second layer, it is advisable to use hot bitumen mastic. The layers of waterproofing material used must be completely homogeneous in composition.

Cold bitumen mastic is applied using a regular brush or roller, carefully covering all surfaces of the foundation. And to apply hot bitumen, a separate metal container is needed to heat the mastic to a liquid state. After heating the bitumen, it is applied to the pre-leveled surface of the foundation.

When installing vertical waterproofing, in addition to bitumen or mastic, PVC compounds can also be used. If necessary, a roll coating using roofing material, isoelast and technoelast can be added to coating waterproofing.

Horizontal waterproofing

This method of protecting the foundation is the simplest and most often used.

Horizontal waterproofing is designed to resist groundwater (when laid under the base of the foundation) and to protect against capillary action of moisture (at the transition of foundation walls into load-bearing walls of the structure). This method is used in the construction of any structures, regardless of the characteristics of the soil and the amount of rainwater. This is a layer of rolled waterproofing material folded several times.

Stages of work

Preparing the base. If necessary, the base surface is cleaned, leveled and dried. Primers can be applied, which provide additional protection to the foundation surface and maximum adhesion of the waterproofing material to the base.
Application of waterproofing compound. Rolled materials are used, which, if necessary, are heated and then overlapped.
Application of coating materials. If it is necessary to use them, an additional step will be to soak the waterproofing for a certain time in order for it to acquire maximum properties.
For bituminous coating materials, it is necessary to wait about 7 days to obtain the best protection for the foundation. When building a house under tight deadlines, this method of waterproofing is inconvenient.

Types of waterproofing by method of application

Depending on the method of application, the following types of waterproofing are distinguished:

pasting,
coating,
plastering.

Pasted waterproofing

Nowadays, instead of bitumen, Technonikol sheets are increasingly used. In this case, the adhesive waterproofing will consist of moisture-proof multi-layer membranes with a density of up to 5 mm. Such membranes are bitumen self-adhesive polymer-cement films, which have long been used to protect brick and reinforced concrete structures.

It is not difficult to apply the membranes to the foundation: they are heated over a gas burner and pressed tightly against the wall, while the film is leveled with a roller. They cope well with cracks and moisture, but require additional pressure walls or screeds. The use of membranes does not allow achieving the same high quality of waterproofing as when protecting the foundation with bitumen. Since such adhesive waterproofing does not allow filling small pores.

In addition to Technicol sheets, other pasting materials can be used, the choice of which is very diverse. They differ in quality characteristics and, accordingly, in cost. For example, traditional roofing felt, glassine and roofing felt are being replaced by newer materials that are reinforced with polyester.

Coating waterproofing

This type of waterproofing can act as both primary and additional protection for the foundation. Coating waterproofing is a 3-4 mm coating that is applied to the base of the foundation. Depending on the composition, such waterproofing can be elastic or rigid.

To create coating waterproofing, a variety of polymer solutions and bitumen-polymer mastics are used, which can be applied cold or hot. These compounds are applied using a spatula, paint floats or sprayer.

Plaster waterproofing

This type of foundation waterproofing involves applying several layers of mortar up to 22 mm thick. Often, a mineral-cement mortar is used with the addition of special materials to increase the moisture resistance of the waterproofing layer. Such additives can be asphalt mastics, polymer concrete, hydraulic concrete and others.

Thanks to the plaster waterproofing, the building is perfectly protected from capillary absorption of moisture. But in this case, cracks can appear much faster, so plaster waterproofing is applied only using a hot method. The selected material should be applied in several layers.

Having installed waterproofing around the entire perimeter of the foundation, it is necessary to fill the foundation pit with rich clay, which will act as an additional waterproofing material.

Waterproofing the foundation is a responsible undertaking. If you decide to do all the work yourself, remember that the key to success will be the correct selection of waterproofing materials and compliance with the sequence of work. In this case, the foundation of your house will last a long time and will not require repair costs.

The foundation is the part of the structure of any structure that experiences the maximum load. The durability of the building primarily depends on its reliability. If it begins to collapse, this will inevitably lead to deformation of all other elements.

Therefore, increased requirements are placed on foundation waterproofing. This is especially true for private houses, since almost every owner actively uses the ground floor (basement). It is necessary to take into account that this kind of work is carried out comprehensively, and protection from moisture is arranged “universally”. After all, it affects the foundation in different ways, and often simultaneously. In the form of groundwater, precipitation, during snow melting, and river floods.

In some sources you can find opinions that in some cases the waterproofing of the foundation can be neglected. Such statements are “short-sighted.” Any house is built to last for decades. Where is the guarantee that after some time, for example, some significant construction will not begin nearby? But this is - soil movements, which will inevitably affect the location of underground water layers.

Even the construction of a highway with its inevitable asphalting has such an impact. There are many other possible reasons for changes in the configuration and water level in the ground. It is also necessary to take into account that throughout the year the depth of its occurrence is constantly changing. And many experts are already openly talking about irreversible climate changes on the planet. It is clear that waterproofing the foundation again for an already built and inhabited house (and this inevitably entails partial “destruction” of the adjacent territory) is an extremely complex and expensive issue. Yes, and it will take a lot of time.

At what depth are the subsoil layers located? This must be determined if the house design includes a basement.
Subsurface fluid pressure. According to this criterion, the layers are divided into 4 types. Moreover, in the same place you can simultaneously encounter, for example, both “suspended” waters and “pressure” ones. That is why experts advise not to do “like everyone else” when building a house, but to conduct a geodetic survey of a specific site.
Foundation waterproofing largely depends on soil characteristics, on which the structure is being erected. After all, there are soils that are both permeable (for example, sandstone) and not. In the latter case, the liquid looks for “easier” paths and often moves towards the foundation. Therefore, the waterproofing layer must be more “powerful”. Accordingly, the choice of materials is made taking into account these specifics. In addition, any liquid may contain aggressive components.
Foundation type. Each has its own characteristics, both in the nature of the work and in the materials. It is clear that if the foundation is piled, then the use of rolled “insulators” is excluded. At the same time, they are perfect for the tape type.
Regardless of the construction conditions, foundation waterproofing is done both from the outside and from the inside. Moreover, both layers are basic, and it is unacceptable to equip only one.

It should be noted that the components of comprehensive foundation waterproofing include measures such as removal of excess water (drainage) and the installation of a reliable blind area, which serves to protect the foundation of the house from water in the form of precipitation (rain, snow). And, of course, the optimal choice of the type of insulating materials used, as already mentioned.

Waterproofing foundations in swampy areas

In individual construction, the strip type of building foundation is most often used. However, it is not suitable for swampy soil. Such soil is unstable because it is saturated with moisture and its structure is heterogeneous. Underground water layers come quite close to the surface, and it is extremely difficult to make the necessary calculations of loads. Construction under such conditions is considered risky. But sometimes there is simply no choice.

It is worth noting right away that waterproofing a foundation in marshy areas is expensive. The method of protecting the foundation depends on what type of foundation is chosen for the construction of the house. In practice, shallow, pile (bored) or slab foundations are used. But regardless of this, it is imperative that drainage system.

Its purpose is to drain water in the ground away from the building. Without this natural drainage of the area any other measures to protect against moisture cannot be considered effective. Experts recommend installing the foundation only after drainage has been organized. It is necessary to understand that waterproofing the foundation in swampy areas has a number of features. And first of all, this concerns the issue of laying the foundation.

Processing shallow-depth is not much different from the method of finishing strip. However, to protect the insulating layer, it is necessary to install a protective covering (wall).

For a slab pit, the pit is made shallow. Its bottom should be compacted as tightly as possible. If possible, it is advisable to use construction equipment (skating rink). The goal is to minimize subsequent soil shrinkage. Coarse sand and gravel are used as backfill. If possible, clay should also be laid. This layer is filled with concrete mortar.

The resulting “pillow” will become natural barrier in the path of liquids, an integral part of foundation waterproofing in marshy areas. Given the difficult conditions, it is advisable to use waterproof reinforced concrete slabs under the foundation of the house. Treatment can also be carried out at the construction site. To do this, they are impregnated with special water-repellent compounds. Additionally, all sides are treated with mastic, on a layer of which roll material (roofing felt, roofing felt, film) is applied.

In particularly difficult cases, a bored foundation is made. Its construction involves the installation of concrete supports in prepared wells. For this, formwork is made. It is at this stage that all activities are carried out. In this case, waterproofing the foundation in swampy areas involves special treatment of asbestos-cement (or other waterproof) pipes that serve as formwork. Methods such as impregnation and surface treatment with mastics are suitable.

Such insulation is not afraid of mechanical loads, since the “shape” of the formwork is supported by the concrete pouring and the reinforcement bars used. In addition, sealing the lower parts of the pipes is recommended. However, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of foundation waterproofing in swampy areas by carrying out a number of additional measures.

Firstly, the correct choice of concrete mortar composition (grade of cement + chemical additives to increase moisture resistance). However, this issue requires a professional approach.

Secondly, additional treatment of the well bottom. Backfilling is done with sand, clay, gravel.

We should not forget that an integral part of such work is the installation of horizontal waterproofing. Regardless of the type of foundation.

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of a strip foundation

This type of “base” of a structure is most often used in individual construction, since it is easy to assemble it yourself. Secondly, such a foundation presupposes the presence of a basement in the house, which is important for a private developer. Thirdly, it is able to withstand a fairly large load and can be used on any type of soil.

The fact that any structure needs protection from moisture is clear to everyone. Especially its lower part, which is in direct contact with the soil. Waterproofing strip foundation can be produced in any way, using various materials. The choice of the optimal option is largely determined by the financial capabilities of the owner. Let's consider the most economical one.

The presence of a basement places increased demands on the quality of events. When determining a particular type of work, one should focus on the climatic conditions in the region (precipitation intensity), soil characteristics and the depth of underground aquifers.

Waterproofing a strip foundation is a set of measures. It includes work such as protecting its sole, the outer part, as well as the floor and walls of the basement from the inside. You need to start building a house with the proper arrangement of the foundation pit. It is advisable to lay out its bottom with a layer of clay and compact and level it thoroughly. It will create a kind of barrier to the path of liquids coming from the ground. Rolled material (roofing felt, film) should be placed under the base of the foundation.

The outside walls should be more securely protected. After all, they are influenced groundwater pressure, seasonal soil displacements. Consequently, mechanical damage to the waterproofing of the strip foundation is likely. Therefore, it is made in several layers. First, mastic (bitumen) is coated, after which roll material (roofing felt, film) is glued. Installation is carried out so that there are no breaks or gaps in the protective layer (overlapping).

This layer also needs to be protected. Indeed, in addition to the reasons already indicated, it can be damaged by construction debris and stones at the time of filling the trench. Protection can be provided in different ways: construction of a brick wall, laying insulating material. To waterproof a strip foundation, you can also use the plastering method. This coating does not require additional protection.

When processing internal surfaces, the same methods are used. The choice of materials depends on the further design of the basement. We should not forget about the places where various utilities (pipes, cables) enter the building. The inlet channels are carefully sealed, for which it is convenient to use mastics and liquid glass.

Ideally, the protective layer is continuous. Essentially, it is a “bag” that protects the house from water penetration.

Waterproofing of strip foundations must be accompanied by additional measures to forced drainage of the site developments. For this purpose, a drainage system is installed to remove moisture from the base of the building. It consists of specially equipped channels that are installed around the entire perimeter of the building. In addition, it is necessary to correctly arrange a spillway. In some cases, it is advisable to use it to drain the area. drainage wells.

And we should not forget about the importance of the blind area. Properly and efficiently constructed, it will significantly reduce the influence of water on the underground part of the structure.

Operating principle of penetrating waterproofing

The best way to ensure reliable protection of the concrete foundation of a house from the destructive effects of moisture is penetrating waterproofing of the foundation. In order to correctly assess the scope of work, it is necessary to first analyze the level and volume of groundwater, the degree of its impact on the underground structures of the building. In addition, the amount of work on waterproofing is influenced by the presence or absence of basements in the house. If the house does not have a basement, horizontal waterproofing of the foundation will help protect against moisture; if there is a basement, the best option would be a combination of vertical and horizontal protection and the installation of a drainage system.

Before you start working, you need to mix the dry ingredients with water and stir well. The resulting solution should be used to treat the concrete surfaces of the base. Once in the pores of concrete, the active substances contained in the penetrating waterproofing of the foundation react, forming water-insoluble crystals. The crystals gradually displace water from the concrete and reliably clog capillaries, pores and microcracks. Crystal growth occurs simultaneously in all directions - both in the direction of the water flow and in the opposite direction. As a result of treatment with penetrating compounds, the concrete surface acquires a more compacted structure and becomes impermeable to moisture. As soon as the humidity level decreases, crystal growth slows down; when water is exposed to the surface, growth resumes.

Penetrating waterproofing of the foundation ensures the advancement of chemically active components into the thickness of concrete by tens of centimeters. When filling microcracks and capillaries with a diameter of up to 0.4 mm, the water resistance of the concrete base increases by 2-4 steps. As a result, the penetrating waterproofing of the foundation becomes an integral part of the foundation, forming waterproof concrete.

Before starting to treat the foundation with penetrating compounds, the surface should be cleaned of dust, dirt, debris, oil stains, etc. You can open the capillaries on a polished concrete surface by treating it with a sandblasting tool and rinsing it with a solution of hydrochloric acid in a ratio of 1:10. If you find traces of mold on the surface of the base of the house, thoroughly clean it and treat it with an antiseptic composition. In places where materials meet, grooves are punched, the depth of which should be 2.5 cm. If there are cracks on the surface, they should be widened by 25 mm in depth and 20 mm in width. Where communications pass through, the junction points should be sealed.

The next important step is moistening the concrete. The growth of crystals will depend on how well the surface is moistened.

Penetrating type foundation waterproofing is carried out using a spatula, spray gun or brush.

Advantages of using waterproof penetrating compounds:

the ability to process both underground and above-ground parts of the building;
ease of use,
possibility of processing freshly poured and old concrete,
the penetrating composition forms a single whole with the foundation, therefore it is not afraid of mechanical damage and does not peel off,
Possibility of use for processing external and internal walls,
working with wet foundations,
surface treatment regardless of the direction of groundwater pressure.

Penetrating foundation waterproofing is not used on foundations made of foam and aerated concrete due to the significant pore size.

Coating protection for foundations

The cost of constructing a foundation is on average 15% of the total cost of the building, and coating the foundation waterproofing is only 1-2%. However, poor quality waterproofing or its complete absence may lead to the investment of much larger sums in the future.

Despite the fact that, due to their excellent load-bearing capacity and affordability, the popularity of block foundations is growing, from the point of view of waterproofing, a monolithic foundation is more profitable. It does not require additional sealing of joining seams. Coating waterproofing of the foundation creates a protective film that prevents moisture from entering and destroying the thickness of the foundation.

Waterproofing the foundation of a house of the coating type can be single- or multi-layered and have a thickness of up to several centimeters. With its help, you can reliably protect the structure from the action of groundwater. If you apply the composition to the inner surface of the walls, it will also prevent the penetration of capillary moisture.

Materials for coating waterproofing

These can be either cement-based compositions or bituminous materials. The most popular are bitumen, bitumen-polymer and bitumen-rubber mixtures.

Mastic for waterproofing the foundation should take into account factors such as:

budget for work to protect the building from moisture;
ambient temperature;
possible loads on the treated surfaces during operation;
place of implementation - coating waterproofing of the foundation is carried out on the external or internal planes of the foundation;
area of processed surface, etc.

Having decided on these points, you can choose the right material and even save money without sacrificing quality.

The most ancient and cost-effective method of waterproofing is the use of hot bitumen. In this case, a prerequisite is the use of heating equipment, with the help of which the mastic acquires a liquid consistency. You can work with hot bitumen even at sub-zero temperatures.

It is also possible to use bitumen compositions based on organic solvents. Today this is one of the most common methods of foundation waterproofing. Depending on the budget of the event, you can choose either simple bitumen mastic or bitumen compositions containing polymer and latex additives. They give the waterproofing material elasticity, expand the temperature range of application, and increase adhesion. Cold bitumen waterproofing of foundations can also be carried out at sub-zero air temperatures.

Mastics based on organic solvents are not recommended for internal waterproofing of basement walls, cellars, as this may not be safe. In such cases, it is better to give preference to water-based formulations. The only disadvantage of using these materials is the reduction in temperature range. They cannot be used at temperatures below +5°C.

If large areas are to be waterproofed, the best choice would be liquid rubber (bitumen-latex emulsions).

Stages of waterproofing work with bitumen compounds:

surface preparation (cleaning from dust, corrosion, oil, salt and other stains; filling cracks with cement-sand mortar);
priming the foundation with more liquid waterproofing compounds;
applying coating waterproofing in 2-4 layers;
surface drying;
backfilling soil or carrying out decorative finishing.

Technology for applying cement-polymer coating waterproofing:

cleaning and moistening the foundation surface;
mixing the components of the waterproofing composition until homogeneous;
applying the mixture in several passes. The time interval between application of layers is 12 hours or more.
carrying out measures to protect waterproofing from precipitation over the next 24 hours.

Foundation waterproofing should be taken with full responsibility. Its durability and strength depend on how thoroughly the foundation of the house is protected from moisture.

What is horizontal waterproofing

If you refuse to waterproof the foundation, you risk facing the problem of dampness and mold in the house in the near future. Moreover, moisture will not only threaten the integrity and appearance of the decoration of premises and furniture, but can also cause destruction of the foundation. The result will be subsidence of the house, distortion of window and door structures, and the appearance of cracks in load-bearing walls.

Vertical and horizontal waterproofing of the foundation will help you prevent all these troubles.

Let's take a closer look at the second type. Such protection of the foundation of a building from moisture requires fewer measures, is easier to implement and is more affordable in economic terms than waterproofing a vertical foundation. When laying the foundation of a house, experts recommend using a combination of these two types. If the house does not have basements, only horizontal waterproofing of the foundation can be used.

However, if gross violations were committed during horizontal protection against moisture, correcting them will be very expensive or even impossible.

The following can be used as waterproofing materials: roofing felt, hydrostekloizol, rubitex, glass elast, stekloizol, hydrostekloizol, profikorm and other self-adhesive and sprayed types of waterproofing.

Roll foundation waterproofing in the absence of a basement is carried out in several layers (2 or more) slightly above the blind area of the house along the foundation. When choosing an insulating material, give preference to one that is not susceptible to rotting. Modern rolled materials have increased resistance to ruptures, the risk of which arises when the base of the structure is deformed.

Coating horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is made using bitumen and rubbers. Bitumen-containing materials may also contain cement, which increases adhesion to the base, and plasticizing additives, which help increase the foundation’s resistance to cracking under dynamic and static loads. Polymer compositions make it possible to achieve high hydrophobic properties and durability of the material.

Impregnating horizontal foundation waterproofing has a penetrating effect and is capable of blocking capillary channels in concrete foundations, forming thread-like crystals in them. The only drawback of using this type of waterproofing is its low ductility, which makes it possible for the waterproofing layer to be destroyed under significant vibrations.

The installation of installed waterproofing involves the use of mats made of bentonite clay. The mats consist of compacted clay and self-destructing layers of cardboard and geotextiles. This type of hydrobarrier will reliably protect the house from capillary and pressure moisture.

Correcting installation errors of horizontal waterproofing

In the case when the foundation was not insulated from moisture on time, there are 3 ways to carry it out “late”:

trimming walls with further laying of bitumen mass or roofing felt in the resulting holes;
raising the foundation and laying a bitumen layer or roofing material;
thermal injection or crystal injection.

The first two options will require significant effort and time, but will be cheaper than injection. Crystal injection involves creating holes at the junction of the base and walls, into which a mixture of silicate activators, water and cement is subsequently poured. As a result of the reaction, a mineral mass is formed, which acts as a water barrier. Thermal injection involves pumping hot air into the hole, while the walls are heated to a temperature of 30-40°C.

The choice of the most suitable method of foundation waterproofing primarily depends on the size of the budget and the time frame for the operation.

Bituminous foundation waterproofing

Not only precipitation flows, but also groundwater have a negative impact on the foundation of a house. Effective protection of the building can be provided by bitumen waterproofing of the foundation, as well as a comprehensive drainage system. Drainage allows excess water to be removed from the building, and a hydraulic barrier will prevent moisture from entering the supporting structure, basements, and cellars. If the groundwater in the area is high and the soil filtration coefficient is low, it is recommended to use a combination of the above measures.

Bitumen waterproofing of the foundation is one of the cheapest methods of coating protection. It is produced using mixtures that include organic and inorganic substances, high molecular weight carbon-containing components. Bituminous materials are durable, elastic, have high waterproofing properties and are affordable. They are used for treating brickwork, concrete, plastered surfaces, etc. Bituminous foundation waterproofing can withstand temperature changes and the aggressive effects of groundwater. Bitumen mixtures are endowed with frost resistance and fire-resistant properties special additives – modifiers. Every year, coating waterproofing of foundations, blind areas, and roofs is becoming more and more popular. Moreover, when choosing materials, home owners increasingly prefer bitumen-polymer and bitumen-rubber mastics. They are known for their durability, while completely devoid of the disadvantages of pure bitumen. Bitumen compounds are applied using a spatula, roller, trowel or sprayer.

Bitumen waterproofing – hot application technology:

At the preparatory stage it is carried out cleaning the foundation surface remove dust and dirt using a wire brush. Potholes and holes in the base are plastered and a layer of primer is applied. After 1-2 hours the mastic itself is applied. The composition should first be heated in a steam or water bath. During heating, the mastic should be stirred continuously. When applying the composition, carefully ensure that there are no unpainted areas left. After the first layer has dried, it is recommended to apply another layer. The thickness of each of them should be no more than 1 cm. Bitumen waterproofing of the foundation helps reliably protect underground parts of the building from the destructive effects of water.

Cold method of bitumen waterproofing

Cold mastics do not require preheating. Bitumen-polymer and bitumen-rubber mastics require careful preparation of the base. The foundation surface must be clean, dry and free of grease. If we are talking about liquid rubber, it is better to round and trim the edges of the foundation. Waterproofing the foundation of a house using bitumen-latex and bitumen-emulsion mastics is less demanding on the quality of foundation preparation. Bitumen-polymer mastics should be applied in two or more layers. Each subsequent layer of material should be applied only after the previous one has hardened. If you ignore this requirement, there will be a risk of insulation peeling, and the adhesion of the mastic layer to the foundation surface will not be fully ensured. If the treated surface stopped sticking, we can assume that the waterproofing has dried completely.

For many years, bitumen waterproofing of the foundation has been one of the most common and affordable methods of protecting a structure from the penetration of capillary moisture. If your site has a hydrostatic head of up to 2 m, you can use bitumen mastics; if the pressure is 5 m or higher, give preference to bitumen-polymer compositions.

Rolled foundation waterproofing

Often, houses are built in areas with high groundwater levels. If this situation is familiar, and the groundwater level is at the level of the basement floor, roll-up foundation waterproofing will help you. With its help, you can reliably protect the structure from the destructive effects of moisture and prevent flooding of basements and cellars.

The advent of waterproof mastics formed the basis for the production of film and roll materials, the use of which greatly simplifies the process of insulating the foundation of a house from moisture and significantly reduces the time of the procedure.

Modern foundation waterproofing roll or as it is also called pasting and the use of soft sheet bitumen, polymer and polymer-bitumen materials helps prevent moisture from seeping into the room. The number of insulation layers is determined by the magnitude of the hydrostatic head and the requirements for dryness of the structure. As a rule, roll waterproofing of foundations is carried out in two layers and is placed on the hydrostatic pressure side.

If there is insignificant groundwater pressure in your area, expansion joints structures can be covered with waterproofing layers; if the gyrostatic pressure is large, use compensators, inert to the action of an aqueous environment, in some cases metal sheets can be used. In conditions where there is a highly aggressive water environment on the site, the foundation waterproofing device must use inert materials, and under the base of the house it is necessary to arrange crushed stone filling and fill it with hot bitumen solution.

Considering the fact that waterproofing the foundation with roll materials has increased requirements for strength and durability, material manufacturers modify waterproofing products using special additives of active polypropylene and styrene-butadiene-styrene. This helps to increase the resistance of materials to microorganisms, increase elasticity, strength and durability. Excellent examples of modern waterproofing materials are stekloizol, hydrostekloizol, hydroizol, stekloelast etc.

The most modern today is roll foundation waterproofing using polymers– films made of polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, thermoplastic membranes, vulcanized rubber membranes, films made of chlorinated polyethylene, self-adhesive polyethylene films. All of them have a high degree of waterproofing, strength, and durability. However, a low degree of vapor permeability can cause them to tear off from the base under the influence of steam. Therefore, when laying these materials, special primers are used or a ventilation layer is created. Anti-condensation and vapor-permeable propylene and polyethylene membranes, which are gaining popularity every year, are completely free of this drawback.

Waterproofing with cement

Work on waterproofing any structures is carried out without fail, regardless of what the structure is and what its purpose is. The negative impact of moisture on any construction and finishing materials has been known for a long time. It should also be taken into account that aggressive chemicals are also present in dissolved form in water. The correct choice of insulating material and work technology plays a decisive role in ensuring high-quality protection from liquids.

As experts note, cement waterproofing is becoming increasingly popular. However, it is often mistaken for simple plastering of surfaces with specially prepared products. In fact, this is a more comprehensive concept. This name refers to any composition that contains cement and is used to treat surfaces to protect them from liquids. At the same time, depending on the purpose of the product, cement plays an appropriate role in it.

For the construction of cement waterproofing, compounds are used that are sold in the form of dry mixtures. There are two types of them. One group is a mixture of sand and cement, which contains various additives. It is the percentage ratio of all components that determines the specific characteristics of the composition. Such products are used on surfaces that have sufficient rigidity and strength.

You need to understand that when cement and sand harden a coating layer is formed, which does not differ in elasticity and tensile strength. The use of such materials has its limitations. For example, they are not recommended for areas where there is a high level of seismic hazard. After all, any movement of the soil during shocks will inevitably lead to cracking of the protective layer.

Another group of materials for cement waterproofing differs from the one described above in that they contain additives polymers. These compounds have better characteristics. Their main advantage is that they are elastic. Even if a crack appears on the surface treated by them, the insulation layer will remain continuous, thereby ensuring reliable sealing. Such compositions have increased resistance to low temperatures and aggressive environments.

In any area, under the surface of the earth there are, as a rule, several layers of water. They have different configurations and characteristics. In particular - pressure. Cement waterproofing in this sense is universal. It can be used for both internal and external surface finishing. Possessing high vapor permeability, it is excellent for arranging a foundation, as it provides protection not only under pressure, but also “pull-off”.

It is most advisable to use this type of insulation for finishing elements of various structures located underground. For example, foundations, sewer septic tanks, tanks, swimming pools, pipeline sections, wells and much more. Such compositions are also used for furnishing premises. with excess humidity(for example, saunas and baths, baths and showers, laundries).

It remains to add that it is recommended to process an area of no more than 100 m2 manually. To finish larger surfaces, special “cement” guns are used. At the same time, it must be remembered that better quality This results in a layer laid on a damp surface.

As already indicated, mixtures are different. When choosing, be sure to read the instructions for use.

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