A modern water supply system for a private or country house, including a pumping station, can satisfy all water supply needs. It allows you to provide several water intake points at once, including operating a water heater, washing machine, dishwasher, and heating system. Often specialists put the system into operation, but in reality there is nothing difficult about working independently. In this article we will tell you how to connect a pumping station and what you will need for this.
Where is it mounted?
Installing a pumping station with your own hands is possible either inside the house or in a caisson. An important condition for installation, regardless of the chosen location, is protection from flooding by underwater waters, as well as from winter cold. The connection diagram of the pumping station depends on the location.
The shorter the distance from the equipment to the water source, the less water pump power will be required.
The first option is in the basement of the house
The pumping station and other water supply equipment are installed in the basement of the house. In order to prevent the pump from flooding, a pedestal made of brickwork or concrete is erected in the room. When the basement is not heated, the installation site should be separated and insulated.
How to install a pumping station in a country house? Since people do not live in the country all the time, they often already observe the consequences of the spring flood. Therefore, the installation of a pumping station in a country house is most often carried out on a shelf attached to the wall at a fairly high level. Such installation will prevent damage to the equipment.
The main advice from experts on how to properly install a pumping station is a fixed installation without touching the walls. This prevents vibration of the walls from equipment operation.
The second option is in a caisson
Installation of the pumping station in a specially constructed caisson - a hermetic chamber made of metal. It comes in both square and cylindrical shapes. It has an insulated hatch that closes very tightly to prevent flooding. A household caisson is equipped with a height of 2 meters. The equipment must be installed below the ground freezing line - in this case, a constant temperature will be maintained at around 6-10°C from the soil.
The structure must be insulated around the perimeter and on top to prevent the equipment from freezing even in the most critical frosts.
Depending on their manufacture, caissons are divided into:
- factory - plastic container mounted at depth;
- self-assembly - from concrete rings, immersed 180-200 cm near the source.
The head of the well casing pipe must be brought to the bottom of the caisson.
Installing a pumping station in a private house is more convenient for maintenance, since you only need to go down to the basement. But surface equipment is quite loud, which is not always comfortable for the inhabitants. A caisson is certainly more preferable, since sounds do not penetrate the house. But there are nuances here too - in order to service the unit you will have to go outside to go down into the caisson. In winter, you will have to remove snow to do this.
Methods for connecting a pumping station
How to properly connect the pumping station? There are two ways:
- Single-pipe connection is possible at a depth not exceeding 10 meters.
- A two-pipe connection is used when the well depth varies from 10 to 20 meters.
Thus, even at the stage of preparatory work, the owner of the house decides how to connect the pumping station, taking into account the parameters of the existing well or well. The connection principle is the same for both methods. Since the first method is simpler, we will dwell on it in detail. For the second, you will need equipment with a remote ejector.
Sequencing
So, you have decided on all the nuances and know how to connect the pumping station. Before purchasing all the necessary materials, you will need a detailed connection diagram for the pumping station. This is especially true for pipes, which should be in reasonable supply. At the same stage, you will need a wiring diagram for the pumping station.
First stage
Do-it-yourself pumping station installation is carried out according to the following algorithm:
- It is necessary to assemble the ejector - this is a ready-made unit cast from cast iron. It has three outputs for installation. A mesh filter is installed at the lower outlet to prevent the suction of silt deposits from the bottom of the well. At the upper outlet there is a plastic socket on which a squeegee with a diameter of 32 mm is put on. Its length must first be calculated (will be described below). At the outlet of the flow, a special bronze coupling is installed, intended for attaching a polyethylene pipe.
- A check valve is installed behind the strainer to prevent air pumping.
- Installing a pumping station in a private house involves installing an additional check valve at the end of the pipe immersed in the well.
Having finished installing the ejector, you can begin laying pipes in pre-prepared trenches. Their depth should be half a meter lower than the ground freezes. The bottom of the trench should be covered with a layer of sand. This creates a “cushion” for the pipes.
To ensure tightness, before tightly tightening with an adjustable wrench, all threaded surfaces are covered with fum tape or tow made of flax. For this purpose, special sealing pastes can be used.
Second phase
When asking the question of how to install a pumping station in a private or country house, they mean connecting it to a well. We offer a detailed work algorithm:
- It is necessary to measure to what depth the pipes will be lowered. You can use a hose for this. Having lowered the “measuring device” to the very bottom, we make a mark at the level of the upper edge of the casing. Then we pull it out to measure. We must subtract one meter from the obtained value - this is the descent depth. If you lower the pipes lower, silt, grains of sand, etc. will be sucked in.
- We connect the P/E pipes to the assembled ejector. For this we use couplings. The total length of the structure must be equal to the calculated launching depth.
- To secure the P/E pipe to the casing, you can use either a purchased head or a pipe elbow. The head is not always on sale, so let’s consider the second option. Before lowering the P/E pipe into the well, it should be pushed through the elbow (90° angle) and “sealed” with special foam. Next, we attach the adapters one by one, and then the outer pipeline (angle 90°).
- Since water supply is used all year round, special attention should be paid to the thermal insulation of pipes. If they lie below the frost line, there is enough heat from the soil to keep them from freezing. When higher, high-quality processing is required.
Mineral wool (basalt) fiber is mainly used. It retains heat perfectly, does not become compressed over the years, does not rot in a humid environment and is not touched by mice. The electric cable used to wrap the pipes has also proven itself to be quite good, but if there is no electricity, the entire system will be at risk.
The installation of the structure is completed. Carefully lower it into the well. Be sure to secure the “head” to the casing structure. The installation of a pumping station at the dacha occurs in exactly the same way.
Final connection of the pumping station
How to connect a water pump? An external pipeline pipe is connected to the inlet of the device, and a home water supply pipe is connected to the outlet. After this you need to configure the equipment. To do this, open a special hole located on the front wall of the pump and fill it with water (about two liters). We carefully monitor the pressure readings of the operating device.
The pump should turn on at a pressure of 1.5-1.8 bar, and turn off at 2.5-3.0 bar. If the values differ, then the equipment should be adjusted using a relay.
VIDEO: How to properly pump and create pressure in the expansion tank
Connect to the water supply
Connecting the pumping station to the water supply is required when additional pressure is needed for the heating boiler to operate efficiently. For this design you will need a storage tank. First you need to disconnect the centralized water supply pipe. Its end is connected to the storage tank.
How to connect a water pump? We connect the tank to the inlet, and the home water supply to the outlet. This completes the connection of the pumping station to the water supply. The pump is configured as described above.
By following our instructions, you can install the pumping station yourself, and use the money saved to purchase better equipment. Good luck!
VIDEO: How to assemble and install a pumping station
The water supply system in a country house is considered one of the most important, so it is installed first. Thanks to modern technologies, it is possible to create an effective water supply system that will meet all the needs of the family. A pumping station is considered an essential element of the water supply system, which can be made. We invite you to find out what are the types of pumping stations? for home and connection diagram.
What is a pumping station
Pumping stations vary in type. They are industrial and household.
Industrial stations are installed only by specialists, but a household station is suitable for use at home. Such a station provides a stable water supply for drinking, using water for household and household needs, as well as supplying water to the heating system.
The connection of this installation depends on the type of water supply. There are three types of sources: the central water supply line, the well and the borehole. The pumping station operates automatically or is controlled manually. This directly depends on the amount of water consumed daily.
Where is the pumping station installed?
A house water supply station can be installed in the basement, ground floor, caisson, or a separate room. If the station is installed in a basement, it is protected from moisture in the event of any possible flooding or rising groundwater. To do this, install a shelf or stand. The station must not touch the walls. The room must also have heating.
If it is a caisson, then it is pre-insulated. The station is located below the soil freezing depth, at least 20 centimeters. The depth of the caisson should be about 2 - 2.5 meters. If the well is 10 meters long, a single-pipe station is suitable. If it is 20 meters, then a two-pipe ejector station is installed.
Pumping station connection diagram
To assemble the ejector, that is, a cast unit with 3 connecting outputs, a mesh filter is inserted into it. A squeegee with a diameter of 32 millimeters is placed on top of the ejector and secured to a plastic socket. The drive has two parts with special adapters. At the outlet, a bronze coupling is attached. The coupling connects the outlet to the polyethylene pipe. For reliability, a sealant made of flax, tape, or paste is wound (applied) onto the threads.
The trench is dug deeper than the freezing point of the soil. A pipe is laid into the finished trench. Its length should be generous. If the pipe is left without reserve, the pipeline may subsequently leak. All possible turns and bends, the thickness of the walls, everything must be taken into account. For the casing pipe, you need a head that fits on it. If there is no head, you can take a knee with a slight slope. To connect the pipe with the ejector, special couplings are used. The second end is led into the elbow with a slope of 90 degrees. The resulting space is foamed with installation foam. After this, the pipe is connected with adapters with an angle of 90 degrees and is aligned with the pipe from the outside.
Pumping station connection diagram
The ejector is placed in the well (well) to a pre-marked depth. The head is secured with reinforced tape to the casing pipe; other material is not suitable. If the pressure in the accumulator drops below 1.2 atmospheres, it is necessary to increase the pressure using a car pump or compressor.
If it is necessary or desirable to connect the pump to the central line, for example, to supply water to a heating system or when the water in the well is not enough for constant pressure, you need to install a storage tank in the form of a tank. There may also be a lack of water due to old equipment or growth in the family (increased water consumption).
A place is being prepared for the water pipe connector. The end of the pipe removed from the main is connected to the storage tank. Water is discharged from the storage tank to the inlet of the pumping station. At the exit, a pipeline leading to the household is connected.
Watch the video: Autonomous water supply system. Pumping station and storage tank
When these manipulations are done, the electrical wiring is installed. Then the equipment is configured. The pressure is equalized. A small amount of water is poured into the snail through a special hole. When turning the pump on and off, you need to check the pressure. To start work it should be 1.5 barrels, to finish it should be about 2.7 barrels. If the indicators do not match, the pressure decreases. To do this, remove the cover from the pump relay and tighten the screw in one direction or another.
For long-term operation of the pump, it is necessary to install a filter. To select a suitable filter, the water is analyzed for all components it contains. All harmful impurities must be cleaned before water is supplied to the pump. To do this, a filter is installed on the suction device of the station. Sand and clay entering the pump will soon cause it to fail. In this case, the vibration pump station breaks down the fastest.
How to make water supply at home
Any filter lowers the pressure and the pressure becomes smaller. To minimize this, you need to clean the filter regularly. Otherwise, the dirty filter will clog and the pump will break down. When purchasing high-quality water supply equipment and installing it correctly, soon the entire system will pay for itself and will work without interruption.
Now you know the features installation of a pumping station, so if you want to save money, you can install it yourself. Use the step-by-step diagram and tips from this article, then your home or country house will have full-fledged running water. Improve your own country house, then you can stay in it not only during the weekend, but also spend a full vacation with your family.
Owners of country houses, as a rule, have to deal with the problem of water supply not only for domestic needs, but also for watering the garden. If the plot is a summer cottage and is used only in the summer, and the family consists of two people, then in this case you can purchase a regular household pump. This unit can easily provide its owners with the necessary amount of water.
To provide life-giving moisture to a large family, and besides, if the need for this arises not only in the summer, but all year round, the issue cannot be solved so easily. In this case, you will need to install an entire water supply network, the uninterrupted operation of which will only be possible if a small household pumping station is installed. With its help, you can solve all issues of water supply, delivering it to distribution points quickly and without any interruptions.
This article is intended for those who want to save money and connect a pumping station with their own hands.
Installation required
Why do you need a pumping station for a country home? Any such device is capable of independently pumping out from the source and delivering water to any point of its collection. In addition, the installation of such a station helps to increase the pressure in the entire water supply system when there is a lack of power of the deep or surface pump, which is the main one.
What are the advantages of the stations? They consist in the ability to work for some time even when the power supply is turned off. It is also attractive that the device is capable of creating a pressure with which normal water supply to the house and site is carried out. With all these positive qualities, the unit is lightweight, which allows it to be installed in any convenient place. In storage systems, the pumping station operates like a tank, periodically turning on and off. This feature significantly reduces equipment wear. The pumping station will operate for a long time, eliminating the need to manually carry water.
Device and principle of operation
For a person who understands at least a little technology, understanding the basic elements of a pumping station will not be difficult. What is this unit? Its main element is a surface-type pump equipped with an ejector. It is capable of supplying water from a depth of 10 m and delivering it to the desired point. That is why the power of the pumping station is determined by the surface pump. How does it work? A suction line runs from the pump to the source. At its end, which is located in the water column, a mesh and a check valve are installed. A steel pressure tank is included with the pump. The container has a closed structure consisting of two cavities separated by a membrane. Water flows into one of them, and air flows into the other under pressure.
What is this pressure tank used for? It is required to perform the following functions:
- protecting pipes and water supply connections from possible water hammer;
- accumulation of a certain amount of water, which is under pressure in one of the compartments, which allows its supply to continue in the event of a power outage.
Due to the property of accumulating liquid in the tank, it is also called a hydraulic accumulator. In some pumps, the volume of such a container reaches 500 liters.
In addition to the above elements, the pumping station has a pressure switch. What is this part for? When the pressure drops below the critical level, the relay turns on the pump. It can also turn off the unit. This occurs when pressure rises to a certain level.
In addition, the pumping station must have a pressure gauge. This device shows the water pressure that is maintained in the main.
Gilex Jumbo pumps
In order to provide water to a country house or cottage, you can use various models of this equipment. The Gilex Jumbo pumping station is produced by a Russian manufacturer. Such equipment easily ensures the availability of water, not being inferior in this regard to city apartments.
The Gilex Jumbo pumping station is in demand for pumping other liquids, as well as for watering gardens.
The tank, which serves to fill water, in this equipment is made of high-quality steel that can withstand high pressure. On one side of such a container there is a nipple. It is designed to be able to create and maintain the pressure necessary for normal water supply.
Grundfos pumps
This equipment is produced by the Danish concern Grundfos, founded back in 1945. Today, this manufacturer is the leader in the pumping equipment market. At the same time, the high consumer demand for such devices is due to their high quality and wide range.
The Grundfos household pumping station finds its application in individual households. At the same time, it performs the tasks of providing hot and cold water supply, sewerage and drainage.
If the Grundfos pumping station is installed correctly, and then it is regularly serviced with the replacement of worn seals and bearings, then it can serve for many years and delight its owners with its uninterrupted operation.
Location
As a rule, units that supply water to the house and site are located in basements or caissons. How should the pumping station be installed? The connection diagram requires maintaining as much distance as possible from such equipment to the wall. Otherwise, the pump may be damaged due to strong vibrations.
The location where the water supply station will be installed must meet certain parameters, namely:
- due to the rather loud operation of the pump, the room must be isolated from noise;
- it should be dry, warm and have the possibility of regular ventilation;
- be at a distance as small as possible from the well or from the well, which will allow water to be sucked in with maximum power;
- be of sufficient size to carry out equipment repair work and take preventive measures.
Various options can be used to locate pumping stations:
- Basements. This is an ideal place to install the pump, which should be considered in advance at the design stage of the house. It can be installed without much difficulty. Just remember that the basement must be warm and dry.
- Caisson. This is nothing more than a special platform, which is located directly at the surface of the well. The main advantage of such a place is the heat generated by the top layer of soil.
- The connection diagram of the pumping station to the well provides for the arrangement of special compartments in it. This option is cheap and quite simple. But it is worth remembering that such a location of the pumping station will not allow access to it to carry out the necessary repairs and maintenance work, and will also reduce the pressure level when supplying water to the house.
- A very convenient and practical option is to place the pumping station in the house itself. But at the same time, it is worth taking care of soundproofing such a room.
Various mechanical factors should not affect the unit. When placing expensive equipment in the basement, you will need to make a stand for it. Such a pedestal will protect the mechanisms and tank from groundwater.
What else needs to be taken into account when installing a pumping station? The connection diagram provides for its location from the well at a distance of no more than 10 meters.
Connecting equipment
Selecting a unit for pumping water and deciding on its installation location is not all that is required for the pumping station to start operating. Its connection diagram must also be done correctly. Otherwise, the entire system will work intermittently or insufficiently efficiently.
What will be the connection diagram for the pumping station? In each specific case, it depends on the location chosen for placing the equipment. But regardless of this, such a scheme will include the following:
- a suction pipeline lowered into a well or borehole and going to the pumping station;
- the equipment itself;
- pipeline that goes further to consumers.
This is the general scheme for connecting a pumping station for a private house. The bindings may be different in each specific case. The most common cases will be discussed below.
Connection to a well
When installing a pumping station in a house or in a caisson, the same scheme is used. Its beginning is the supply pipeline, which is lowered into the well. A filter, usually a mesh type, is installed on it. After this element there is a check valve. Next comes the pipe.
In this case, a filter is necessary as protection against mechanical impurities. Installing a check valve will be necessary so that when the equipment is turned off, water from the tank does not flow back into the well. This will allow the pump to turn on less often and extend its service life.
The supply pipe is led out through the wall of the well. In this case, its depth should be slightly lower than the existing level of soil freezing. Next, a trench is dug from the well to the equipment installation site. It has the same depth as the supply pipe. The laying of the trench must be designed in advance. It is necessary to provide a minimum number of turns. This will reduce the pressure drop and pump water from a greater depth. For greater reliability of the system, it is recommended to insulate the pipeline. To do this, sheets of expanded polystyrene are laid on top of it, which are then covered with a layer of sand and covered with soil.
The connection diagram of the pumping station to the well at the entrance to the house provides for the passage of the supply pipe through the foundation. This place must then be insulated. In the house itself, the pipes can already be raised to the place where the equipment is installed.
If the pumping station is installed according to the instructions, then the system described above will work without any failures. The only inconvenience in this case will be digging a trench and inserting the pipeline through the wall of the building. It will also be difficult to localize damage to the pipeline if it leaks. In order to minimize the likelihood of these problems occurring, it will be necessary to lay high-quality pipes, and at the points of their connection, construct a manhole. If the site has a high groundwater level, then the trench for the supply pipes will need to be dug above their level. At the same time, to prevent the water pipe from freezing, a heating cable is laid near it. You will also need to insulate the well cover, as well as its rings.
Connection to water supply
Pumping stations are sometimes installed on centralized water supplies. In this case, they are needed to increase the pressure level of the liquid supply to the house. The connection diagram of the pumping station to the water supply system is similar to that used when drawing water from a well. Only in this case is a water pipe suitable for the equipment inlet. It also includes a filter and valve. The output goes to consumers.
However, in this case, it is recommended to install a ball shut-off valve at the inlet. This element will allow you to shut down the entire system, for example, for repairs. A second shut-off valve is installed in front of the pumping station. It is necessary in case of repair of equipment or pipeline. It makes sense to install a ball valve at the outlet as well. This measure will allow, if necessary, to disconnect consumers. There is no need to drain the water from the pipes.
Well connection
How to do the work correctly in this case? Connecting the pumping station to the well is no different from previous schemes. Only the pipeline should exit at the point where the casing ends. This is where, as a rule, a caisson is installed where a pumping station can be located.
As in all the schemes described above, a filter is installed at the end of the pipe, as well as a check valve. At the entrance, for the convenience of the first start, you can install a filler tap through a tee.
Connecting automation
There are 2 most commonly used schemes, with the help of which the necessary monitoring equipment is installed at the pumping station. To carry out such work, you should study the accompanying documentation for the unit. It will necessarily indicate the method recommended by the manufacturer.
The pumping station pressure switch must be connected in a certain sequence. First it must be connected to the water supply, and then to the electricity network.
In the first installation method, the relay is mounted directly on the pipeline. Installation is carried out using a tee, which is equipped with a fitting.
There is a second way. When using it, the accumulator is equipped with a fitting with five outlets for the supply and distribution pipeline, pressure gauge, relay, as well as for the accumulator itself. In order to measure the pressure in the pumping station, the relay is connected to a 220 V power source.
A pumping station is excellent equipment that allows you to automate the process of drawing water from a well. A set of technical devices activates the launch of the system when it is necessary to replenish supplies and turns off the units at the right time. The level of comfort will increase incredibly. After all, even outside the city it is necessary to enjoy the achievements of civilization, don’t you agree?
However, it is not enough to just buy incredibly useful equipment; you need to know how to install and connect it. We invite you to read the article, which covers all the issues in great detail. This information will be useful to all owners of suburban housing, no matter whether the pumping station is connected with their own hands or hired workers are invited to install it.
In our article you will become familiar with the types of pumps used in groundwater intake systems. Also here are all possible options for the location of equipment and connection to an autonomous water supply. The information is supported by diagrams, photo materials and videos.
The pumping equipment station performs two functions at once - it supplies water to the water supply system of the house and automatically maintains the set pressure in it.
This allows you to lay an extensive water supply network and connect household appliances to it - a shower cabin, a boiler, a dishwasher and a washing machine.
A typical station design includes:
- Pump;
- Hydraulic accumulator;
- Automation block;
- Inlet mesh filter - necessary to prevent particles of impurities and possible contaminants from entering the system;
- Pipelines, hoses and necessary fittings.
To prevent the outflow of liquid from the system when the pump stops or the pressure decreases, a check valve is installed in the water intake area. A source of water intake is also required. For this purpose, a well or borehole is constructed.
It is possible to use a reservoir (pool) with imported water and open reservoirs if the characteristics of the unit allow pumping contaminated liquid.
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Types of pumps used
In the home water supply system it performs the following functions:
- Protects the pump from wear and increases its service life - thanks to the liquid reserve in the membrane compartment, the number of unit starts is significantly reduced.
- Maintains constant pressure in the water supply and protects against pressure changes.
- Eliminates the occurrence of water hammer in the system, destructively affecting connected devices and pipeline fittings.
- Provides some water supply in case of power failure.
The device is a sealed vessel, the internal volume of which is divided into two containers by an elastic membrane. One of them is filled with air, and the second is intended for pumping water.
The hydraulic tank works as follows. Water is pumped into an elastic container until the upper pressure threshold is reached. The pump then turns off.
The pressure in the system is maintained by an air gap in the accumulator; the compressed air plays the role of a damper. When the volume of water decreases (consumed by consumers) and the pressure reaches the lower set limit, the pump turns on again and fills the hydraulic tank with water.
A hydraulic accumulator is selected based on calculations that take into account the number of residents, the number of water consumption points, the maximum permissible number of pump starts and its power, and the required pressure in the system.
Insufficient working volume of the tank will lead to constant activation of the pump and its wear. A container with a reserve threatens stagnation of water and a decrease in its quality, with a harmful effect on the inner surface of the membrane.
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In other cases, the system elements are installed independently. When installing a surface station, a pipeline (or two pipelines, if a remote ejector is used) from the well is connected to the pump.
Next, install the hydraulic accumulator and control unit. For a station with a well pump, these will be all the main surface elements in the circuit. The most convenient way to do this is to use a 5-pin fitting, which is mounted in the pressure pipeline in a convenient place. A pressure switch and pressure gauge are screwed into it.
A hydraulic accumulator is connected to the side entrance of the fitting. For ease of maintenance, it is connected through a ball valve with an American connection and a drain is arranged.
Connect consumers to the pumping station. Most often, the first element is the cold water distribution manifold.
Step #5 – first launch of the station
The electric motor of the pump has more power, so it is better to provide the pumping equipment station with its own power supply line, arrange grounding and install a voltage stabilizer.
Check the pressure of the air chamber of the hydraulic accumulator. It should be 10% less than the pump activation pressure. However, this setting is done in operating mode. First, it is necessary to achieve the following values: for a hydraulic tank with a capacity of 20-30 l - 1.4...1.7 bar, with a capacity of 50-100 l - 1.7...1.9 bar.
Before starting the installation with a surface pump for the first time, the working part of the system is filled with water. To do this, unscrew the plug from the filler hole located in the upper part of the pump.
If the pipeline has a filler funnel, it is better to use it. Pour in liquid until it is completely filled and begins to flow out. Then the hole (valve) is tightly closed.
Startup sequence:
- The pump is connected to the mains.
- The valve of the filling funnel of the pipeline with a surface pump is opened slightly to remove any remaining air that has entered the system.
- Turn on the unit - within 2-3 minutes water should flow from the outlet of the pressure pipeline (or an open water supply tap).
- If the liquid does not flow, the pumping equipment is turned off, water is added to the system and turned on again.
After a successful start, the equipment should be “run in” and, if necessary, the settings of the valve body and pressure switch should be adjusted.
Basic operating rules
After putting the pumping station into operation, periodic maintenance is carried out. It is necessary to clean the coarse filter promptly. Without this, the performance of the installation gradually decreases, the water flows in jerks, and a completely clogged filter will lead to “dry” operation and shutdown the system.
The frequency of purification depends on the content of impurities in the pumped water.
You can read information about common pumping station breakdowns and how to fix them in the following article
How to make a pumping station based on a submersible pump:
Correct installation of a pumping station provides a private home with water supply with parameters that are not inferior to a city apartment - constant pressure and sufficient pressure.
In order for the system to operate as efficiently as possible, before selecting and installing equipment, you should seek advice from a specialist and perform an evaluation calculation.
If you have experience in assembling and installing a pumping station yourself, please share your knowledge in the comments to this article. If you have any questions after reading the material, do not hesitate to ask them in the comments below.
After acquiring a plot for the construction of a country house, the most important task is to provide it with clean water in the absence of a central water supply. The most rational solution to this problem is to drill and install a water well.
Fig.1 Pumping stations
Depending on the depth of the aquifer, different types of wells are drilled, and a wide range of pumping equipment is used to lift water from them. Of all the water supply options, the most budget-friendly is drilling an Abyssinian well in a shallow aquifer and using a standard pumping station to pump out water. Further construction of housing at the site of water intake and installation of a pumping station in a private house with a separate room for placing water intake equipment significantly reduces the cost of providing water supply. This also facilitates the operation and connection of the pumping station to the water supply system, ensures its protection from adverse climatic conditions and safety.
Fig.2 Elements of a pumping station
Pumping stations are units with the layout of the main components of the water supply system in a single module. This allows you not only to compactly place the equipment, but also to save significant money by installing the pumping station yourself - this does not even require drawings. In addition, the stations are budget devices - many high-quality models can be purchased for only 100 USD. That is, which is incommensurate with the cost of installing a water supply system with a pump immersed in a well or borehole. The surface pumping station consists of several units, the purpose of which and the principle of operation are given below.
Electric pump
Rice. 3 Centrifugal surface pumps The pump is the main element of the station, determining its operational characteristics, overall dimensions, and cost. In household stations, centrifugal types with the following parameters have been used.
Immersion depth. Before installing a pumping station in a private house, you need to make sure that it matches the well in terms of immersion depth by connecting the equipment without installation. According to physical laws, a water column cannot be raised to a height of more than 10 meters - under the influence of gravity, it breaks and falls down. Taking into account losses, all surface centrifugal devices have a liquid suction depth of no more than 8 - 9 m.
It has been established that the location of the pump in the house directly above the well hole, in contrast to the caisson placement in a pit far from the house, significantly reduces hydraulic losses in the water supply system by reducing the length of the pipeline - this increases the efficiency of the entire system.
Efficiency Centrifugal surface pumps have a fairly high efficiency of about 60 - 92%, depending on the size of the unit; for small household appliances it is 60 - 75%. Competitors of surface centrifugal pumps could be vortex types, but their overall dimensions are almost twice as large with the same parameters and a lower efficiency value.
Pressure This indicator is measured in meters; for standard centrifugal pumps in stations its value is about 40 meters. This value in centrifugal types can be increased several times by installing additional stages in the circuit that increase the pressure in the system.
Fig.4 Design of a centrifugal electric pump Water quality. Centrifugal devices are designed to work with clean water, but they are not as critical to this indicator as vortex types, which can fail if contaminated liquid enters the working chamber. Some models of centrifugal electric pumps are designed to work with slightly contaminated water - this allows them to be used for drawing water from a well or sand well.
Performance. Centrifugal electric pumps in stations have an average pumped water volume of about 3 cubic meters per hour; if we connect more consumers to the water supply, we can easily select a model with higher values.
Hydraulic accumulator
Rice. 5 Hydraulic accumulator device Diagrams for connecting electric water pumps must include a hydraulic accumulator - the most voluminous part of the station, which performs the following functions in water supply:
- Protects water supply units and their connections from water hammer, leading to equipment failure.
- Maintains constant pressure, which prevents the equipment from triggering when it changes briefly.
- Creates a supply of water in the system - this increases the time intervals for turning on and off the electric pump and, accordingly, its service life.
Hydraulic accumulators with a volume of 10 to 30 liters are installed in standard stations; they provide the ability to set internal pressure by pumping or pumping air through a nipple hole in the tank wall.
Pressure switch
Rice. 6 Design of a standard pressure switch Connecting a pressure switch to the well station, which turns on the pump when there is no water in the line and turns it off when the line and hydraulic tank are completely filled, automates the operation of the water supply equipment. Placing a pressure switch in a pumping station implies its factory setting to lower and upper response thresholds, consistent with the parameters of the electric pump.
Pressure gauge
Rice. 7 Appearance of pressure gauges To control the pressure in the system and adjust the equipment, you cannot do without measuring the pressure in the system, which is produced by a pressure gauge. With its help, you can not only monitor the work process, but also detect system problems in the form of various leaks, contamination of filters and water pipes, clogging of the inlet holes on the filter of the suction pipe or the working chamber of the electric pump with sand and silt.
Plumbing units
Rice. 8 Five-pin water fitting and connecting hose All station components are rigidly mounted on a metal frame; they are connected using a five-pin fitting, usually installed on the pump body; the hydraulic accumulator is connected by connecting a flexible hose in a metal braid to the pump.
Installation of a pumping station in the house
Rice. 9 Connection diagram of the pumping station to the water supply system When installing and connecting the station in the house, it is necessary to solve problems to ensure the necessary parameters, which are:
Suction depth
Although the passport data for pumping stations indicates a suction depth of 8 or 9 meters, in practice the manufacturer can mislead the consumer by slightly increasing this parameter by a couple of meters, or this distance will be insufficient to raise water to the surface.
The only acceptable way out of the situation may be to lower the entire station to a certain depth to reduce the distance to the water surface. To do this, you will have to dig a caisson hole 1-2 meters deep in the ground and install water intake equipment in it.
The second method for lifting water from great depths is connecting a water pump to ejector devices, which is too expensive due to its low efficiency; the efficiency of such devices does not exceed 40%.
Rice. 10 Water supply to a private house with a pumping station Noise insulation
The pumping station makes quite a loud noise during operation, so placing it under the floor of the room with a closing soundproof hatch is a good option even with a high water level in the well. If the room is located openly, the walls will have to be insulated with sound-absorbing materials.
Temperature
If you have installed and connected a pumping station, then the room will have to be heated in winter; lowering it underground to prevent freezing does not make much sense - the outgoing water pipes will have to be insulated or heated in any case. Since in winter the house must still be heated when there are people living or not in it, the issue of freezing water in the pipes and pump mechanism is solved naturally. To avoid corrosion of pumping equipment components, the room must be dry and well ventilated.
Rice. 11 Pumping station in a coffered pit Accommodation
It is most rational to install and connect the station as close as possible to the well on a waterproof surface, while it is necessary to provide convenient access to monitor the operation of the equipment. When lowering the station below floor level, the room should not be cramped, as in some coffered chambers made of small-diameter concrete rings, the pumping equipment of which can only be serviced by a dwarf. Places for placement can be either individual rooms or basement broiler or boiler rooms, garages, workshops, basements of private houses.
Connecting the pumping station to the water supply system of the house
Rice. 12 Installation of a pumping station Surface stations are designed to draw water from shallow wells and boreholes; when placed in a house, water is most often taken from an Abyssinian or sandy well. Before connecting the pumping station to a well or borehole with cloudy water, measures should be taken to clean it. It is necessary to install sand filters at the inlet of the suction pipe and in the water line, and then soft filters in the water line. To start working with a centrifugal pump, you need to fill it with water (there is a special hole for this), so it is imperative to use a check valve when lowering the pump suction pipe into a well or borehole. This will leave water in the water supply when the equipment is turned off during automatic operation.
Models of pumping stations
Due to their low cost, pumping stations are one of the most popular types of equipment for individual water supply in the CIS, working with budget Abyssinian and more expensive sand wells. Their suppliers to the market are all Russian and Chinese manufacturers of pumping equipment, Italian, German and Danish companies.
Gilex Jumbo 50/28 Ch-18 (110 USD) is a surface centrifugal pumping station with horizontal installation from a well-known Russian manufacturer.
Rice. 13 Gilex Jumbo Peculiarities
- suction depth: 9 m;
- head: 28 m;
- productivity: 3 m3/h;
- power: 500 W;
- particle size: 0.8 mm;
- temperature: from 1 C to 50 C.;
- hydraulic accumulator: 18 l.;
- outlet: 1 inch;
- power cable: 1.5 m;
- weight: 15.1 kg.
Gardena 3000/4 eco Classic (140 USD) is a high-quality station from a well-known German brand with excellent design and workmanship.
Rice. 14 Gardena Peculiarities
- suction depth: 8 m;
- head: 40 m.
- capacity: 2.8 cubic meters m/h;
- power: 650 W;
- water: clean;
- temperature: up to 35 C.;
- hydraulic accumulator: 24 l.;
- power cable: 1.5 m;
- weight: 13.6 kg.
Pumping stations are the most cost-effective option for organizing water supply to a country house; they are easy to use and easy to install. When purchasing, it is more practical to choose models with the largest volume of hydraulic accumulator - this will shorten the cycles of turning the pump on and off and, accordingly, the service life of the equipment.