Do-it-yourself water drilling. How to dig a well without using special equipment? Tools used when drilling water wells with your own hands

Water in a summer cottage is an important and necessary resource. Using a remote source will be much easier and cheaper than organizing a central water supply. Carrying water in a bucket, especially in large quantities, is extremely inconvenient, and its quality may be poor. Therefore, in comparison with a well, a well has a number of undeniable advantages. Water is taken from interstratal or artesian waters, which makes the reserves practically inexhaustible. How to drill a water well yourself?

Well for water at home in a summer cottage

Installation is carried out if direct water supply is not possible. It is especially important to use a well in garden plots and in settlements where there is no urban water supply:

A remote source provides independence from the water supply and greatly reduces the cost of using water, making it an economically profitable investment.
The water coming from a well is much cleaner than tap water and well water.
The reserves are almost inexhaustible (water is available without interruption all year round).
There will be no problems with watering crops and feeding livestock.
Possibility to install cold/hot water and sewerage (will make living conditions in the house favorable).
No pipe corrosion.

You should approach the issue of drilling a well responsibly. All important factors must be taken into account, such as the purpose of use and the number of people who will use it.

If you are unsure of your choice or doubt something, you should consult with experts in these matters.

You should not save when choosing a drilling method. A well that is dug incorrectly can result in pump failure, hole collapse, shorting, and various other problems. Water must be taken from certain layers of soil. Among the disadvantages, it should be noted the purchase of pumps and equipment according to.

Is it possible to drill a well yourself?

Drilling a well is a labor-intensive process because its length can vary from 8 to 260 meters. The depth of the hole depends on the location of the limestone layer. Therefore, before carrying out work, you need to study the structure and location of the soil layers, which only specialists can do.

Drilling a well with your own hands is not difficult, it is quite difficult to get into a certain layer of soil and create strong walls for the hole. Water collected from a well is most often used for internal consumption. Therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, then you should not risk the health and life of yourself, your family and friends - it is better to entrust drilling to people experienced in such matters.

Types of structures

The volume of work performed depends on the level at which the necessary waters lie and on the composition of the soil:

Well(well - needle). Excellent filling capacity is due to the correct location of the spring; it accumulates up to 3 m³ of water. If necessary, another well should be made (at the greatest possible distance from the first). Depth not lower than 12 m. Mandatory soil composition: sand or sand-crushed stone.
Well filtering water through a layer of sand. A pipe with a diameter of 10 cm is dug to a depth of 20 to 50 meters into a layer of sand. At the end there is a mesh that acts as a filter.
Limestone artesian well(without a filter). The water supply comes from layers of porous limestone. This source is the deepest (from 20 to 200 meters) and has the longest service life. Drilling requires special equipment and specialists.

Choosing a location for a well

The place where the well should be located. The type of well, the location of the storage well, the filter well pipes, the location for irrigation and will require quite a lot of space depend on this choice.

The existence of a shallow aquifer is indicated by the following signs:

Weeds and flowers that love high humidity were localized in one specific place.
There is a large concentration of mosquitoes and midges in this place.
In such an area, fog occurs in the evening and in the morning. In winter, thawed patches appear.
Cats love to rest in this place.

All signs of the presence of a shallow aquifer are indirect and folk. A more accurate result would be a geological survey.

Experts will determine how far deep water is from the surface. This, in turn, will solve the problem of choosing a drilling method.

Independent methods of drilling wells

Drilling involves passing a special tool through the soil and extracting destroyed rocks to the surface. The production ends at the desired aquifer. is based on screwing drilling tools into rock or breaking up soil.

When drilling a source with your own hands, you need tools and equipment. Not everything you need can be made yourself from scrap materials and found in your arsenal. You will have to purchase something in advance from the store.

Rotary method

Tools:

drill (chisel);
derrick;
casing;
rods and winch.

This method is used by most people (about 80%). Drilling occurs only after a thorough study of the composition of the soil and its hydrogeological component. The soil is destroyed using a drill (chisel). The rotor rotates it using pipes. Lifting and immersing the drill to great depths is carried out using a special drilling rig. When digging shallow wells, the drilling rig can be pulled out manually.

A tower, if needed, is placed directly above the hole. The guide recess should be dug into 2 bayonets of the shovel. Water will help facilitate the rotation of the drill when it is deeply buried. Moving every meter (or 0.5 meters), it is worth clearing the drill from the soil.

The thread bits are made of steel (about 3 mm). When sharpening the edge, remember that the drill rotates clockwise - from left to right. The diameter of the bits allows work to be done inside the casing pipes (needed to prevent collapse and blocking of aquifers).

Development starts with a large diameter and gradually decreases. After using all the casing tubes, the production string, which is located in the aquifer, is lowered inside. It is determined by the condition of the earth that is pulled out of the hole. Drilling occurs to the next layer - the waterproof one.

To remove dirty water, you can use a hand or submersible pump. If after 3 - 4 buckets the dirt has not disappeared, the well is deepened by 1.5 - 2 meters. Then you should pump the water until it is visually clean. After this it can be used.

After 15-20 days, it is necessary to analyze the water from the well.

Drilling with a drill and pump

Required Tools:

drill;
pump;
gas keys;
casing;
Bulgarian;
welding machine.

The occurrence of the aquifer is not lower than 20 meters. Soil: sand, loam, clay, sandy loam and in some cases layers of limestone. The drill is made from a water pump, onto which a low-speed drill is attached using a grinder and welding.

First you need to make a hole with a simple drill. After this, you should insert a hydraulic drill into the well and continue drilling. For the first meters, you can use a stand or stool; subsequent passage of rocks occurs thanks to extended pipes. You can pump water from a well at your dacha using a hand or submersible pump.

Percussion-rope drilling

Materials:

derrick;
cable or rope;
casing;
drilling attachment (steel knives or crown);

The tower is made from ordinary logs or pipes and secured with wire. It has the shape of a tripod and is at least 2 meters high. Drilling occurs by raising/lowering a special glass. The lower part of the glass is equipped with a “crown” or other attachments that crush and capture the rock.

The glass is attached from above with a rope or cable to the tripod. At a pipe distance of about half a meter, it is necessary to make a hole through which the earth is removed. This should be done every 0.5 m.

Drilling with various devices

To make a well (mostly filtering through sand), people use various devices. An ordinary garden drill is not very convenient for creating such wells, so it is remade or a completely homemade device is made.

How to make using a food processor

Materials:

agricultural machine auger;
rod pipes;
welding machine;
steel plates;
casing.

The combine auger can be adapted to make a hand drill. Tubes - rods will increase the height of the column, and their end is bent in the shape of a screw. Steel plates (at least 3 mm) are welded on top for drilling and pulling out the earth.

To screw the rods, you need to attach threaded couplings and a long transverse handle (this makes drilling easier) to screw in the auger on top of the pipe. Drilling up to 10-15 meters.

Drill by hand with an ice auger

Tools:

fishing ice screw;
rod pipes;
casing;
shovel and wheelbarrow.

A fishing ice ax will perfectly replace a drill. Homemade pipes - rods (up to 20-25 mm) can increase the height. It is possible to strengthen existing cutters with your own hands by welding steel plates to them. You can build a tripod from logs or pipes to pull the ice auger to the surface if necessary. Drilling up to 10 - 15 meters.

How much does it cost to drill a well at your dacha yourself?

How much does it cost? The cost of drilling from specialized organizations ranges from 800 to 1300 rubles per linear meter, excluding the cost of pipes. Therefore, the total price for the work ranges from 8,000 to 260,000 rubles. Casing pipes cost from 450 rubles/meter (plastic) and up to 1500 rubles/meter (steel).

Each well requires a different number of them, so the price for the bottom is very different (as is the location of the aquifer): from 4,500 to 300,000 rubles. Total from 12,500 to 560,000 rubles.

Calculation for each method:

Rotary method: drill from 1800 from 4000 rubles + tower from 300 rubles (for wire) to 4000 rubles + 6000 rubles rods + 1800/4000 rubles winch + 1000/2000 rubles small materials. Total, without the cost of pipes, it comes out to approximately 10,900 to 20,000 rubles.
For drilling with a drill and pump: drill and grinder 3000 rubles + welding machine 2000 rubles + wrenches 600 rubles + pump 4000 rubles + other consumables 2000/3000 rubles. Total it comes out to about 12,000 or 13,000 rubles excluding the cost of pipes.
Drilling by cable-percussion method: rope or cable 700/1500 rubles + tower from 300 (wire) to 4000 rubles + drill bits from 400 to 5000 rubles + 2000/3000 rubles for other consumables. Total, excluding casing pipes, the price for drilling will range from 3,400 to 13,500 rubles.
Drilling with a combine: welding machine 2000 rubles + pipes about 4000 rubles + drill bits from 400 to 5000 rubles + 2000/3000 rubles other expenses. Total it turns out from 8400 to 14000 rubles.
Drilling with a fishing ice drill: ice auger 2500/5000 rubles + pipes from 4000 rubles + shovel 250/2750 rubles + wheelbarrow 450/2500 rubles + 2000 other consumables. Total, without the cost of pipes, it turns out from 9200 to 16250 rubles.

On the one hand, drilling a well yourself makes the process much cheaper. On the other hand, this activity requires a lot of time, effort, and intelligence. The disadvantage of such a source is the limited depth, because it is very difficult to make an artesian well with your own hands.

The positive side of independently drilling a well on the site will be the absence of bulky equipment and its consequences, and the rapid pumping of the source to clean water.

Any country house must be provided with water, which can be used not only for watering the area, but also for cooking, cleaning the house, and washing. However, not everywhere it is possible to connect to a centralized water supply system, but this problem can be solved independently. Do-it-yourself water well from A to Z, video at 30 m and how to drill it without using special equipment - those aspects are discussed in detail in the article.

Do-it-yourself water well drilling, video

Drilling a well on a site is a huge and labor-intensive process, too expensive and labor-intensive. Such a statement is wrong. These works can be done with your own hands. This approach allows you to save on renting expensive equipment. The house will be provided with clean and cheap water around the clock thanks to a well.

Water well drilling kit

A sand well with a depth of 30 meters is one of the popular types and can last more than 10-13 years. The well must be periodically cleaned, which significantly extends the period of uninterrupted operation. The design of a sand well consists of a pipe that is lowered into the shaft. A special coarse stainless steel filter is installed at the bottom. A well is drilled using an auger method. The water level must be checked for the content of chemical and organic substances. Sometimes an aquifer may contain water that needs to be thoroughly cleaned before it can be drunk.

Many owners of country houses decide to use a gas drill when drilling. This device greatly facilitates manual labor, and time costs are significantly reduced. An electric or gas drill reaches high speeds by rotating and quickly brings soil to the surface.

Do-it-yourself water well: principle of operation, diagram

Water intake wells of any diameter operate according to general principles. After drilling with a gas drill or manually, a casing pipe is installed, which will restrain the soil masses from crumbling, thereby protecting the water from pollution. The pipe can be metal, plastic, asbestos. Its lower part must be perforated for the unhindered flow of water into the water intake channel.

Dacha water supply scheme

For better filtration, a space is left at the very bottom of the channel, which will serve as a sump. All coarse, heavy particles will settle to the bottom rather than reach the surface. To further clean the liquid from sand and silt, a coarse filter, which is a fine mesh, is installed in the perforated part of the pipe. It will cut off the suction of coarse particles by the pump.

To prevent water from flowing back through the channel when the engine is turned off, valves are additionally installed. The power of the electric pump is selected individually, depending on the distance of the house from the well and its depth. For greater convenience, it is better to fully automate the water supply process. This is achieved by installing special equipment, sensors and pressure gauges to monitor the pressure in the system. At the final stage, the pipe system itself is insulated.

You can make a water well yourself at home or use appropriate mechanisms for this. If you decide to do without special electrical or gas equipment, you need to prepare the following tools, namely:

metal drill of the required diameter;
collapsible drilling rig;
a sufficient number of rods;
mechanical or electric winch;
casing.

Drilling a well with a hand drill to a depth of 30 meters is a rather tedious task that requires a sufficient amount of time. Using a drill and rods, the installation is assembled, and as it deepens, new sections are added. Drilling proceeds clockwise. The drill is rotated manually by 2-3 assistants. Experienced craftsmen pour water into the well to soften the soil. The drill must be taken out periodically to extract soil masses. Doing this without a drilling rig is problematic and difficult. Using a winch greatly simplifies this event.

The drilling cycle is repeated step by step. After reaching the aquifer, it must be passed completely until the drill hits the impermeable layer. This well arrangement is more preferable. Thanks to this scheme, water will flow faster into the water intake. The first portions of liquid are always dirty, but after prolonged rinsing, clean water begins to flow. If this does not happen, experts recommend going deeper a couple of meters.

For pumping water, it is better to use one equipped with filters. It is also possible to extract water using a hand pump, but the depth of the well makes this process difficult. It is much easier to automate the supply of water to the surface. In this case, the well is connected to the water supply system for uninterrupted supply in the house. Some owners of suburban areas make water storage. This can be a plastic or metal container of the required volume. Water is supplied to the house directly from the settling barrel. Water enters the container itself automatically after the level drops. If you equip the container with a float, then turning on the pump to collect water can be automated.

Video on how to make a water well with your own hands using the manual method:

Do-it-yourself water well drilling from A to Z, 30 m video is of interest to many owners of country houses. Having a source of clean water, you can not only provide the area with irrigation, which will significantly increase the yield of garden crops. Water from a well is the most inexpensive way to organize uninterrupted water supply to your dacha, which will increase the level of comfort during your vacation.

The high cost of drilling services is increasingly forcing owners of private farmsteads to look for simple and affordable ways to extract drinking water on their own. It is quite possible to drill a well on your own, but to do this you need to have practical skills and experience, first become familiar with the intricacies of this, by the way, hard work, and prepare a minimum set of equipment. Below are simplified methods for excavating and arranging a source. So, how to drill a well with your own hands, and what you need for this - read, study photos, get inspired and decide whether to do the work yourself or entrust the process to specialists.

The well will ensure a sufficient supply of water Source burenie-m.ru

Types of wells

Before you begin, you need to select the appropriate type of well. Depending on how deep the water layer lies, there are three main types of penetrations::

Abyssinian well.
Filter well.

Now let’s look at the features of each development. The Abyssinian well is a simplified version of drilling that can be drilled almost anywhere. A significant disadvantage of such a well is the relatively low quality of water. More often it is used for watering or other similar needs. This water is not suitable for human consumption or can only be used after multi-level purification. This is due to the fact that waters lying at shallow depths are fed by sediments and contain harmful impurities.

Regardless of the type of well, a pump is required Source Abyssinianwell.rf

To prepare an Abyssinian well, which is often called a needle well, driving technology is more often used, which cannot be used for work on other types of penetrations. If you have the necessary equipment and assistants, the work on making such a well can be completed within one day.

Before drilling a well with your own hands, it is recommended to calculate in advance exactly how much water is needed. For example, if you need to provide a house, a bathhouse, or other outbuildings, it is better to opt for a filter well - its flow rate is sufficient, and drilling such a hole is relatively simple. The depth of the water layers in this case is from 20 to 30 meters.

Artesian springs are called the best option - they do not silt, since the water is contained in rock cracks, does not contain harmful impurities, does not require filtration and is completely drinkable. Its only drawback is the depth of the water, which can range from 30 to 100 meters or more. Probably, almost everyone is now thinking about how to drill a well under water with their own hands, given such a significant depth. Unfortunately, no way, this type of well is given here only as an example; it is impossible to get to artesian waters using artisanal methods.

Source stroybur33.rf

Homemade methods

For drilling, specialists use specialized drilling rigs that allow them to reach waters located at significant depths in just a few hours. However, even in the absence of special practical skills and expensive equipment, it is quite possible to provide your home and farmstead with sufficiently clean drinking water.

Of course, this is possible if you approach the solution of the issue with sense, feeling, and arrangement. So, how to drill a water well with your own hands - let’s try to consider the issue in detail. There are several basic handicraft methods, which can be dealt with if you have the skills. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

You should choose the most suitable method Source solnstroy.ru

Shock-rope method

To drill using the percussion-rope method, you should prepare in advance the tool required in this case - a bailer, which is a piece of pipe with a sharp edge and a valve. Creating a tunnel using this method takes a lot of time, but with its help it is quite possible to make a shaft 30 meters deep or more. Below is a detailed instructions on how to make a water well with your own hands using the above method:

To simplify the work, it is first recommended to make a small hole using a regular household drill.
A tripod equipped with a block is placed above the hole prepared in the above-mentioned manner.
Using a block, a cable is installed, additionally equipped with a bailer.
A bailer is dropped into the prepared one using a garden auger, having previously set it to a height of at least 1.5 meters. The process of drilling a well in this case is based on the following principle: the pointed edge of the bailer loosens the soil, which is captured using a valve.
Before the device is pulled out of the shaft, it is necessary to make several strong blows; this measure will help to capture as much soil as possible and somewhat speed up the work process.
As the depth of the mine increases, it is necessary to lower the casing into it, which will prevent possible destruction of the walls of the well.

Source stroy-podskazka.ru

Before making a 10-meter water well with your own hands using a bailer, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with a number of useful tips. One of the most important: in the process of making a penetration, it is necessary to go through the first layer and go deeper further to obtain water from the second aquifer. Despite the fact that the overall operating life will be significantly increased, this measure will provide much cleaner water.

The percussion drilling method also allows the use of a device similar to a bailer, namely a driving glass. Unlike the first option, this device is not equipped with a valve. This is due to the fact that the glass is used primarily for drilling a well on viscous soils, for example, when passing through loamy soils, which are naturally held in the container without the need for a valve device.

Before drilling a water well yourself, it is recommended to prepare the two devices presented above. Their integrated use will significantly speed up the process of passing the mine, regardless of the type of soil.

Necessary tools, including a driving glass Source studfiles.net

The rotary method should not be considered as a makeshift method, since its use involves the use of specialized equipment. However, before drilling a well, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with this technique.

The rotary method is more often used by professional drillers when work is planned on rocks. To use it in practice, you need a drilling rig equipped with a rotor. It is almost impossible to produce such equipment in artisanal conditions.

The process of passing through the shaft is carried out by means of a drill, the rotation of which occurs as a result of the operation of the motor. In this case, the rotor itself acts as a driving moment, rotating a tool located in the deep layers of the mine. In addition to the drilling rig itself, the method requires the use of additional tools for flushing the penetration.

Source mircyber.ru

Video description

For a clear overview of rotary well drilling, watch the video:

Drilling a needle hole

If the question is how to drill a well for water, which is supposed to be used for drinking, but after cleaning, it is better to choose an Abyssinian well. If layers of water are located in close proximity to the surface, you can make such a well using simple available tools in just a few hours.

The drilling process is carried out according to the following algorithm:

First of all, it is necessary to drill a hole in the soil layers, the diameter of which should not exceed 8 cm. Drilling must be carried out until the quicksand passes. For this, narrow screws are used, which need to be expanded as needed.
Next, a labor is installed in the finished shaft, additionally equipped with a pointed tip.
Using a pipe, the soil is driven in until it reaches the aquifer.

Source vodaklep.ru

Installation of a hose when using a needle well is not required; the pipe itself acts as such. It is important to take into account that the pipe extension must be carried out in small sections, the optimal length of each of which is 1 - 1.5 meters.

At the cut points, it is necessary to connect the segments using sealant and winding. The advantage of the Abyssinian well is its small size, as well as the possibility of using a surface pump. If necessary, you can use this method of water extraction even in the cellar.

Auger drilling

As the name suggests, drilling a well using the auger method requires the use of the same tool - an auger. The above device is presented in the form of a rod, which is equipped with a working tool that has an external resemblance to a screw. During the work, it may additionally be necessary to use a chisel. The need for it may arise when passing through hard rocks, for example.

Source p0.zoon.ru

The principle of operation of the auger is simple: using blades, the device is screwed into the ground, and also allows you to remove waste rock from the mine. When drilling, it is recommended to follow this algorithm:

The entire process of passing through the shaft is carried out through drilling, that is, performing rotational movements with the auger. This must be done manually.
As the mine progresses, it is necessary to periodically remove the spent soil to the surface.
During the work process, it is necessary to periodically, in this case - as necessary, build up new parts of the device using a threaded connection.
To prevent the collapse of the well walls, the use of casing pipes is mandatory. The well should be equipped with their help from the very beginning of work until its complete completion.
The process must be carried out until the water layer is affected. After this, you need to completely go through it and go deeper with the help of a screw further to a distance not exceeding 50 cm.
Once completed, the drilling device should be removed and the casing should be installed so that its end is located in the center of the aquifer.
After completing all stages of work, it is necessary to install a filter, a pump, and also pump the well.

Using an auger you can drill a shaft no more than 30 meters deep Source media2.24aul.ru

The use of an auger is recommended if the question is how to drill a 20-meter water well yourself. However, when selecting a method, it is important to take into account such a criterion as the composition of the soil. For example, for drilling loose and rocky formations, it is best to use the percussion method.

Video description

How to carry out auger drilling in this video:

For those who are serious about creating a well on their own, the following tips and recommendations will be useful:

To ensure that the water is always clean and fresh, it is recommended to equip the well in such a way as to ensure air circulation.
Before using water from a well for daily needs, it is recommended that it be analyzed. As a rule, when the water quality is low, it is necessary to select a suitable filter.
And finally, you should take water for analysis of composition and domestic needs no earlier than a few days after completion of work, otherwise the results may be unreliable.

Source tagbur.ru

Conclusion

The drilling process can hardly be called a simple job that anyone can do. It is necessary to have not only a number of special tools, but also practical skills and knowledge. That is why in most cases, for example, when aquifers are deep, it is recommended to refuse to carry out the work yourself and turn to specialists who will complete the task with the highest quality and in the shortest possible time.

Drilling a water well yourself is difficult, but exciting. And it is quite feasible if you study the issue, then act according to a well-designed plan, follow existing rules and pay attention to the advice of specialists.

Today, such a well is the most affordable possible method of independent water supply. And if you take into account the current cost of drinking water, the costs of drilling it yourself, developing it and equipment will pay off quite quickly - in about a year.

In such a matter as drilling water wells, there are no standard instructions. This is not an easy matter, requiring a comprehensive and necessarily individual approach. Experienced drillers know this for sure. And to help beginners, you can give a number of recommendations and advice from professionals. Then, even on the first try, you will be able to get “your” water of good quality and in the required quantity.

Table of contents:

Where to drill?

How aquifers form in nature can be seen in the following diagram:

High waters, lying to a depth of 10 m, form predominantly atmospheric precipitation. Such water can be used for drinking after purification (filtration through shungite, boiling), and for technical purposes, perched water is taken directly from the well. As for the flow rate of the well under it, it is too small, and even unstable.

For drinking water, it is best to drill a well into interstratal waters on your own (they are indicated by red arrows in the diagram). Of course, the highest quality water is artesian, but it is almost impossible to get to it on your own, even if you know for sure where to drill. And in addition, individual development and extraction of such a valuable natural resource is prohibited by law, including criminal liability.

On your own, you can only drill a well into a non-pressure formation - that is, into sand saturated with water and lying on a clay bed. Hence, another common name for such wells is “sand” wells, although the aquifer in them can consist of pebbles, gravel, and some other substance. Their debit is small (if there are 2,000 “cubes” per day, then this is very good) and can fluctuate.

The depth of free-flow water is 5-20 m from the surface of the earth. And such water can already be drunk, however, after the well has been pumped up and the quality of the produced liquid has been properly checked by the regulatory authorities.

note! The design of any well into a free-flow formation is quite complex, since it requires filtering out sand during production. The lack of pressure also adds complexity - in connection with this, a number of requirements arise for the pump and the water supply system as a whole.

Pressure strata are lower than unconfined strata. The depth range of their occurrence in the ground is from 7 to 50 m. Such layers are dense rocks: fractured, water-resistant (loam, limestone) or gravel-pebble deposits. The highest quality water can be obtained from limestone. And wells (they are also called “limestone wells”) drilled into this rock last quite a long time. Their flow rate, like that of many other pressure wells, is up to 5 cubic meters of water per day. These structures are also distinguished by high levels of stability. Water is lifted almost to the surface of the earth by its own pressure, so any pressure wells, as well as the corresponding water supply systems, are much easier to equip.

Important circumstances

When planning to drill a water well, you should remember:

In places where water is withdrawn en masse and uncontrollably from unconfined strata, soil suffusion becomes possible, which, in turn, leads to unpredictably sudden ground failures.
On the Russian plain, the critical depth for self-drilling is 20 m, and if you need it deeper, you should order a well from professionals, since the cost of a self-drill is no longer justified.
The service life of a self-made well depends on the regularity of water intake from it. So, if a well is made “for sand”, and water is taken from it regularly and little by little, it will last up to 15 years, “for limestone” under the same conditions - up to 50 years. When a well is used occasionally, and even periodically pumped to the bottom, the service life of the structure is reduced to 3-7 operational years. But repairing a well or restarting it is so expensive that it is easier and cheaper to drill a new one. Therefore, if you encounter free-flowing water at a depth of 12-15 m, you should not stop drilling. It is better to move on and reach the limestone.

If there are difficulties with funds, time and effort, it is more correct to start with exploratory drilling using a needle well. Such a well will also cope with the role of a temporary source of water supply until auxiliary production resources are found and used.

Well or well?

Work on the design of a well is more difficult and dangerous than the production of a water well. But the well is repairable .

You can draw as much water from a well as the “earth will give”, while the well itself “pulls” water from the earth layers. That is why the service life of wells is limited, and they can change the geology of a particular area for the worse. And a well-designed well is not only exploited for decades, but also for centuries and even millennia, if it is carved into rocky ground. And these structures have absolutely no negative impact on the environment.

It is considered a competent approach to organizing water supply to dig a private water well “with an eye toward” a collective artesian water supply system, which is durable and safe. If there are no such plans, they dig a well. And a major water supply system is being built. The used well is concreted, and the land around it is returned to economic use.

Types of wells

A water well is a long and narrow shaft in the rock. It is into this that the drill or drilling apparatus is lowered on a long rigid rod assembled from pipes or on a cable. A casing is placed in the shaft, which protects its walls from destruction and maintains the pressure of the surrounding rock. Such casing either sits tightly in the trunk, or is formed with an annular space filled with backfill, clay (the so-called “clay castle”) or poured concrete mortar.

As for the lower end of the trunk, it can be plugged, open, or with a stepped narrowing - a bottom. An intake device is made in the face or simply from below.

The upper part of the casing is the head of the well. A set of devices called “well development” is placed in it or around it.

Wells can come in a variety of designs, but the ones most suitable for DIY projects are:

Drilling methods and drilling tools

The following methods are suitable for drilling wells yourself:

All of the above methods are so-called “dry drilling” methods. If we talk about hydraulic drilling, you have to work in a layer of water or drilling fluid, which makes the rock more pliable. Hydrodrilling is considered an unecological and costly method, so amateurs use it extremely rarely. In addition, it requires special professional equipment, whereas with any of the dry methods you can get by with:

The cutting edges of all of the above drills are made of hardened steel. And you can see the diagrams for making homemade drilling rigs for water wells in the figure:

Diameters vary depending on the caliber of a particular well.

Rocking up a homemade well

A drilled well is not everything. It will not provide water of the required quality in the required quantity. To do this, it is necessary to open the aquifer or “pump” the well. If you open the formation (directly or inversely - it doesn’t matter), water can be obtained within 24 hours, but complex, expensive equipment will be required. And pumping up the well will last several days, but for it it is enough to have the most ordinary household submersible pump (only a centrifugal one, because a vibration pump will not work).

To pump a drilled well, the silt is first removed from it with a bailer, and then water begins to be pumped - completely, as soon as a volume has accumulated to cover the pump involved.

You can also perform rocking using a manoeuvre, but then you will have to scoop up water for a long time - 2 weeks, no less.

Important: The pumping of the well can be considered complete when the transparency of the water reaches 70 cm. You can check this in an opaque vessel (for example, in a clean barrel), using a white enamel or earthenware disk, the diameter of which is approximately 15 cm (take, say, a saucer or pan cover). You should look at the submerged disk strictly vertically, and as soon as the liquid begins to spread along its edges, blurring the contours - this is already opacity, you need to stop. As soon as transparency is achieved, you need to take a water sample and submit it to a laboratory for analysis. If the regulatory body confirms the quality of production, the annulus of the well is concreted or sealed with clay, and then a filter is installed.

Filters

The quality of water from any well is largely determined by the presence of a special well filter. And this part is more susceptible to wear than others included in the well structure. This means that your choice should be approached responsibly.

For wells “for limestone”, for example, a simple mesh filter will be sufficient - that is, perforation on the lower casing bend. It can also become the basis of a well filter “for sand” (in combination with gravel backfill). In this case, the requirements for perforation are as follows:

hole diameter from 15 to 30 mm, depending on the soil;
duty ratio (the ratio of the total area of the holes to the area they occupy) 0.25-0.30;
the arrangement of the holes is transverse, in a checkerboard pattern;
the area (total) of the holes must be no less than the cross-sectional area of the casing pipe (its lumen).

When a pump is placed in a well equipped with an internal filter, the bottom of this well is considered to be its (filter) upper edge. Because of this, the single volume of water intake is significantly reduced. In addition, the filter heavily silts up the well structure, because water seeps into the gap between it and the casing pipe. Both the service life of the filter itself and the pump are reduced, since sand inevitably gets into the latter. Therefore, the pump is often placed in a separate pipe, which is attached to the filter outlet. But for this you need to make a hole of a larger diameter.

If drillers have an expensive and structurally complex centrifugal pump at their disposal, everything is simple - it is connected to the outlet pipe of the filter, and as a result, both silting and sanding stops. But when there is no such equipment, you have to come up with something.

note! Many craftsmen make filter parts themselves using PVC pipes, polymer mesh and springs made of stainless materials. But such designs rarely last long, and they don’t filter water very well.

It’s better to spend money, but choose and buy a truly reliable, well-functioning filter. Moreover, there is plenty to choose from:

Do-it-yourself well construction

In order for water from a well to be supplied to the house, this well must be equipped and coordinated with the water supply system. For this:

install a steel or concrete caisson;
equip a stone pit;
or install a downhole adapter.

The latter is the most modern method of well equipment. And install it like this:

When the water begins to flow, they decide how much deeper it can go based on the speed of its clearing. And then the last casing pipe is cut to size from above.
They dig a trench towards the house so that it is deeper than the standard indicators for soil freezing.
A hole for the adapter is cut out in advance in the pipe and it (the adapter) is installed, plugging the pipes.
The pipe is placed and drilled, with the outlet of the adapter oriented into the trench just below the freezing mark of the soil.
They rock the well, install a filter and lower the pumping equipment.

No country house can exist without normal water supply. Carry water with you when visiting a dacha in weekend days? This option is not even considered, since it is unlikely to be enough even for household needs. Constantly annoying your neighbors with requests to replenish their water supply? This is only possible for the time being - there is a limit to every human patience... A source of water will be all the more necessary if long-term or even permanent residence is planned in a country house, and there is a desire to grow some flowers or crops on the adjacent plot. The solutions are to connect to the centralized water supply system (in most cases this is simply impossible or is associated with too large financial costs), or to equip a source of autonomous water supply on your territory.

Video: surface well development

All these issues will definitely be discussed in a separate publication on our construction portal.