Heated Winter Greenhouse: Excellent Assembly Instructions. Do-it-yourself winter greenhouse: the best tips from skilled summer residents How to build a greenhouse to grow in winter

Further in the article we will talk about how to heat and heat a polycarbonate greenhouse in winter, spring and autumn, how to make a winter one with heating, which heater is better (stoves and infrared heating) and other nuances of heating.

Year-round polycarbonate greenhouses

Polycarbonate panels– one of the best materials for creating greenhouses, including year-round ones. This material is quite durable and is not subject to the destructive influence of the external environment (for example, temperature changes, high humidity).

At the same time, working with such material is very convenient - it is mounted on the greenhouse frame using self-tapping screws and bends well.

The most important advantage of such greenhouses– this is an opportunity to use it all year round, grow plants and get fruits all the time. This can be a variety of greens or other vegetables.

Having installed all the necessary systems, you can create any necessary temperature conditions inside. In addition, such a greenhouse does not need to be cleaned after each season.

What should a greenhouse be like?

All greenhouses have a similar operating principle. Winter greenhouses have some features that must be observed during construction.

Winter polycarbonate greenhouse - stationary and requires the creation of a high-quality foundation and a strong frame.

A prerequisite for creating a year-round greenhouse is a solid foundation. A wooden foundation is not suitable, because it needs to be changed periodically.

The best option- This is a foundation made of concrete, brick or block. The strip foundation is created along the perimeter of the structure, is quite simple to install and at the same time relatively inexpensive.

The second important point is the frame of the greenhouse. Use in winter requires periodic snowfalls. The accumulation of snow on the roof leads to very strong loads on the frame, which can lead to the destruction of the entire structure. The frame can be made from wood or metal.

Both materials are subject to destruction and will require preliminary preparation, and subsequently - prevention and periodic replacement of unsuitable elements.

Preparation for construction

On the Internet you can find a lot of ready-made solutions for building greenhouses and adapt them to your needs. You can also create your own drawing based on your needs and wishes.

Exist special programs to create drawings. They allow you to see the finished model of the future structure.

In any case, when creating a greenhouse with your own hands, you need to pay attention to several factors.

First of all, you need to choose a place for further construction. You need to choose based on three main factors:

Illumination. The greenhouse should receive the maximum possible amount of solar energy.

To obtain the maximum amount of sunlight, the greenhouse can be placed lengthwise from west to east.

Wind conditions. Strong and gusty winds are not only a risk of structural collapse, but also large heat losses. Therefore, wind protection is necessary. For example, you can place a greenhouse next to the wall of the house or plant low perennial plants at a distance of 5-10 meters.
Convenience. Access to the heifer should be sufficiently wide and convenient, which will greatly facilitate the maintenance of the structure.

Then you need choose a roof shape future building. Most often it is a gable or arched roof.

The shape of the roof should prevent the accumulation of snow during the cold season. A gable roof is the easiest to install.

It is also important frame material. The strongest and most durable material is metal.

But it is important to remember that creating a metal frame will require welding to construct the structure. On the other hand, wood does not require special tools or skills and is very affordable.

And if you additionally cover it with several layers of paint and varnish, it can last for many years. By slightly strengthening the structure, you can achieve high strength and stability.

It is also worth saying about choosing polycarbonate. What thickness of polycarbonate is required for a winter greenhouse? If a fairly thin sheet (6-8 mm) is suitable for an ordinary greenhouse, then for winter greenhouses panels with a thickness of at least 8-10 mm are required. Otherwise, there is a risk that the panels will not withstand the load, and heat will not be well retained inside the building.

One of the key features of winter greenhouses is presence of a heating system. Which polycarbonate greenhouse heating to choose in winter? How to make heating in a polycarbonate greenhouse in winter with your own hands? How to heat and insulate a polycarbonate greenhouse for the winter with your own hands using stove heating?

Heating using electrical appliances, such as infrared heaters, is becoming increasingly popular. How to heat a polycarbonate greenhouse with infrared heaters?

Installing such a system is very simple - you just need to connect the electrical network to the greenhouse and connect the electrical appliance. You will need to spend money on the heater itself and electricity.

Infrared heaters for polycarbonate greenhouses, they are installed on the ceiling and are capable of ensuring an indoor air temperature of up to 21 degrees Celsius, and a soil temperature of up to 28 degrees.

An alternative to it is the old and traditional stove heating method.

It is much cheaper and easier to install. However, its disadvantage is the strong heating of the walls; it will not be possible to grow plants near it.

Finally, the foundation of the entire building must be made solid and stable, because the strength of the entire structure depends on it. Its creation does not require any complicated steps and can be done by anyone.

Construction work must be carried out in dry weather with above-zero temperatures.

Instructions

How to build a winter greenhouse made of polycarbonate with your own hands?

Creating a foundation.

For a stationary greenhouse it would be optimal strip foundation. To install it, you need to dig a trench about 30-40 cm deep around the perimeter of the future building. A small layer of gravel and small stone (5-10 cm thick) is poured onto the bottom. Then the entire trench is filled with a layer of concrete.

When creating a solution, the best quality will be provided by a mixture of one part cement and three parts sand.

After the solution has hardened, you can start installing the next layer. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the foundation layer (roofing felt is suitable). Then the base of the greenhouse is formed. A wall of small height is laid out of brick. The thickness of the walls is one brick. Not only new, but also previously used bricks are suitable for construction.

After creating the base and completely hardening the solution, you can proceed to the installation of the frame.

Frame installation.

The simplest and most affordable option creating a frame is a frame made of wood. Its installation does not require any special knowledge or skills, or welding work. It is important to pre-prepare the wooden elements before installation.

First you need to clean the elements from dirt and adhering soil with a brush, then sand them with fine sandpaper. Then rinse with running water and let dry completely.

After this, you can proceed to applying paint and varnish coatings. The best paint for exterior use is one that is resistant to high humidity and different temperatures. After the paint has dried, you can apply a couple of layers of varnish on top.

A good way to protect wood is to impregnate it with epoxy resin before applying paints.

Now a beam with a section of 100x100 mm is installed along the perimeter of the foundation. To create a roof, you can use timber with a section of 50x50 mm. When building a roof, you must avoid areas without support larger than 1 meter. Also along the ridge you need to place several supports to further strengthen the structure.

To achieve maximum strength, you can also create a frame from boards.

The elements are attached using self-tapping screws and metal tape.

You can add a small vestibule at the entrance to the greenhouse. This will reduce heat loss when entering and exiting the greenhouse.

Installation of communications.

The next stage is related to installation of a heating system, lighting and other necessary communications.

Lamps sufficient to illuminate the entire room are installed along the roof ridge. For convenience, it is best to place all switches near the entrance.

When installing stove heating a chimney is being installed. It is important to remember that when the stove is operating, the chimney pipes become very hot and can melt the polycarbonate panels.

Installation of polycarbonate panels.

The final stage of creating a winter greenhouse– this is the installation of polycarbonate sheets. The sheets are fastened together using an H-shaped profile. A U-shaped profile is mounted on the panel at the ends. The sheets themselves are installed vertically, then moisture flows down them better.

Not worth attaching sheets are too hard. Polycarbonate expands when heated, and installation that is too rigid can lead to cracks.

Polycarbonate secured with self-tapping screws with a seal. The seal prevents moisture from penetrating through the holes. Before installation, holes are made on the sheets with a diameter slightly larger than the self-tapping screw. A special sealing tape is placed between the frame and the panels.

After that the greenhouse ready for use.

Creating a winter greenhouse is somewhat more complicated than an ordinary one, but anyone can do it and does not require any special skills.

In addition, the creation of such a greenhouse does not require serious financial investments. And the result in the form of fresh products throughout the year is worth the effort.

Useful video

Here you can watch educational videos about winter greenhouses and heating for polycarbonate greenhouses.

Tips on building a heated polycarbonate greenhouse with your own hands.

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Almost every gardener, even a non-professional, has a greenhouse on his property. Here the gardener can grow seedlings or full-fledged vegetable crops. But in the cold season, such a culture room will definitely not save you. That is why many gardeners, especially those who grow crops for subsequent sale, are thinking about creating a winter greenhouse.

Features of greenhouses and their types

Greenhouses can be different: capital and seasonal, large and small, home-made and factory-made. The main goal for its creation is to obtain environmentally friendly vegetables and fruits as early as possible, and of the best quality possible.

Currently, there are many greenhouses of various designs. It is very difficult for a beginner to decide what to choose and where to start construction, how to calculate the area of the greenhouse in order to get the planned harvest, whether it is necessary to create a foundation and what kind, how to carry out heating, and also which roof is best to install.

Main types of premises

Winter greenhouses differ from each other in many ways. For example:

You can also distinguish buildings by architectural features. All designs are divided into:

Whatever the configuration, you need to remember that a greenhouse in winter is a good structure with additional lighting and heating. It must be said that its construction costs quite a lot. On the other hand, having spent once your efforts and money, you will enjoy delicious and high-quality products for many years throughout the year, and not just in the summer.

The result of your work will directly depend not on the weather and soil on the site, but only on your efforts and skills.

Disadvantages and advantages of the structure

The thermos greenhouse is especially popular among domestic gardeners, primarily because it helps to obtain a high-quality harvest while minimizing maintenance costs (heating and lighting inside). The greenhouse received its name because it is a structure that is completely isolated not only from the weather outside, but also from the cool soil.

Main advantages:

The greenhouse also has its disadvantages. Main disadvantages:

difficulty in construction and high financial costs;
To do this, you need to have at least basic abilities and understanding of the heating system, communication lines and ventilation.

It should also be noted that this design has many more advantages than disadvantages, so today this option is considered the best for all-season growing of vegetables, fruits, and herbs, not only for the family, but also for sale.

Selecting a site for construction

When choosing a place to create a greenhouse, you must first of all take into account three features. These include:

If, to protect against strong winds, you decide to create an additional fence or hedge from a plant, then you must take into account that the fence should not be located too close to the building. For example, with a greenhouse ridge height of 2.5 meters, the distance from the fence to the building should not be less than 7-8 meters.

This is due to the fact that the wind flow, having encountered an obstacle, most often rises and simply goes around the fence. This means that as a result you will get an area of turbulence that will constantly take away heat from the structure. The narrower the total distance from the building and the fence, the stronger the turbulence. The best option for protecting the building would be a hedge 15-20 meters from the greenhouse.

What material to use

Before you start building a winter greenhouse, you need to decide on the material for the covering and frame. A capital winter greenhouse with your own hands should be more durable, so when choosing material for the frame, you can limit yourself to scrap metal or wood. It is prohibited to use bars and profiles that cannot even support their own weight. Vertically, the supports and beams of the roof must be with a reserve, and also withstand snow masses.

If we talk about what is better to choose, wood or metal, then there is nothing complicated here. Metal lasts longer, but wood is easy to work with and can be quickly repaired. The main thing is that wood does not heat up in hot weather. The microclimate inside a wooden greenhouse is preserved much better than in a metal structure.

It is allowed to use film to cover a winter greenhouse, but it will have to be changed quite often. And although it costs less, it will require 2-3 times more than for a simple greenhouse. Eternal glass also has its disadvantages: heavy weight, increased fragility.

Start of construction

Everything is clear with the differences between winter buildings and their main features. Next comes the process of building the premises. It is quite obvious that construction begins with planning and drafting. Before you start building the main frame, laying the foundation and doing other work on your own, you need to have a clear idea of what needs to be done. Modern technologies help to significantly simplify the construction process itself, but without drawing up the correct drawings it’s still impossible. To better understand how to build a winter greenhouse in which the soil will constantly warm up, you need to study the main stages of construction:

Building construction technology

A do-it-yourself winter greenhouse is a fairly pressing issue for those who want to eat fresh vegetables even in winter. If you approach this process consciously, study all the existing projects, the building materials from which the greenhouse is built, then you can build it yourself, without turning to professionals for help.

The frame of greenhouses is most often created from wooden beams or a metal profile, although it is also allowed to use metal pipes or a plastic profile for this. Metal is considered more durable and strong, but wood provides a good microclimate and makes construction much easier with it. Before you accurately decide on the material, it is best to know what crop the greenhouse is being created for. Cucumbers, for example, require high humidity, which reduces the use time of the wooden frame.

For walls and roofs, a special film, glass or polycarbonate is used. If we take into account the low temperatures outside and the pressure of snow, which falls a lot in winter, then there are more difficulties with the film than savings. Glass will be used well in any weather, but its weight, increased under the pressure of the snow mass, must also be taken into account when creating the frame to prevent snow cover.

Transparent and lightweight multilayer polycarbonate has also proven itself well; it should be taken with a thickness of 10-16 millimeters. When choosing polycarbonate, you must remember that if its thickness is 10 millimeters, you need to take sheets with a width of no more than 105 centimeters, and if 16 millimeters, then no wider than 140 centimeters, thereby ensuring normal structural strength.

Mandatory a solid foundation is being built for the winter greenhouse, then they create a frame. Upon completion of construction, a heating system is installed. If you create a lean-to greenhouse that will be adjacent to a country house, then its heating can be created as a continuation of the heating system.

To calculate the amount of heat, you need to find the total difference between the thermal conductivity index and the glazing area. The difference between heating a room and a greenhouse is significant - in a greenhouse it is important not only to set the optimal air temperature, but also the soil temperature. Polycarbonate greenhouses running on biofuel are considered very reliable. When choosing a heating device, aluminum convectors are most often used; it is believed that they can distribute heat evenly throughout the greenhouse.

At the bottom of the pit you need to lay layers of sand, and then turf soil (or simple turf laid with stones up), then humus. After laying all the main parts of the heat accumulator and installing pipes for the ventilation system, you need to lay down a polyvinyl chloride film so that the soil does not interfere with work. You need to make special holes in the film for pipes, and attach it to the walls using a construction stapler. After this, a fertile layer of soil for the beds, as well as an infertile one, is poured into the greenhouse, which can then be covered with tiles for the paths.

A greenhouse or even a small greenhouse on a personal plot allows you to get vitamins to the table earlier and grow a crop of plants with a long growing season. A winter greenhouse opens up much more opportunities for vegetable growers (or flower growers). A capital winter greenhouse, built with your own hands at your dacha, can provide your family with the necessary vitamins all year round, and can become an additional source of income. It is quite possible to build a permanent greenhouse yourself for growing not only annual vegetables, but also planting perennials there - flowers and fruits will delight the owners, and will also be in demand on the market.

A do-it-yourself winter greenhouse is a very relevant topic for everyone who wants to eat fresh vegetables instead of canned ones in winter. If you approach this issue thoroughly, study the best existing projects, consider different ways of organizing heating and additional lighting, and the building materials from which greenhouses are built, then it is quite possible to build a greenhouse yourself, without the help of professionals.

The greenhouse frame is most often assembled from a metal profile or wooden beam, although metal pipes or a plastic profile are also used. Metal is stronger and more durable, but wood creates the necessary microclimate and is easier to work with. Before deciding on the material, it is advisable to know what plants you need to build this greenhouse to grow. Cucumbers, for example, require very high humidity, which will shorten the life of the wooden frame.

Film, glass or polycarbonate are used for walls and roofs. If we take into account the possible very low temperatures, the weight of snow, which can fall a lot in winter, then using the film is more hassle than savings. Glass has proven itself well in any weather, but its weight, increased by the weight of snow falling in winter, must be taken into account when constructing the frame so that it does not collapse under the weight of a snow-covered roof.

Light and transparent multilayer polycarbonate performs well; it should be taken with a thickness of 10 - 16 mm. When choosing polycarbonate, you should remember that if the thickness is 10 mm, you need to take sheets no wider than 105 cm, and if 16 mm, no wider than 140 cm to ensure sufficient strength.

It is imperative to make a solid foundation for a winter greenhouse, then build a frame. After installation is completed, the heating system is installed. If you build a lean-to greenhouse adjacent to a residential building, then its heating can be simply a continuation of the heating system of the house.

To calculate the required amount of heat, you need to find the difference between the thermal conductivity coefficient and the glazing area. The difference between heating a house and a greenhouse is significant - in a greenhouse, not only the air temperature is important, but the soil temperature. Polycarbonate greenhouses running on biofuel are considered very reliable. When choosing heating devices, aluminum convectors are usually preferred; it is believed that they are able to distribute heat evenly throughout the entire greenhouse.

A layer of sand is placed at the bottom of the pit, then a layer of turf soil (or simply turf laid with the roots up), then humus. After laying all the elements of the heat accumulator and installing pipes for its ventilation, you need to lay down a polyvinyl chloride film so that the soil does not interfere with its operation. Slots are made in the film for the pipes, and it itself is attached to the walls using a construction stapler. After this, fertile soil is poured into the greenhouses for beds and infertile soil, which can then be covered with tiles - for paths. To prevent the backfilled soil from pushing the boundaries of the beds, they are tied together every meter with a special wire with a cross-section of at least 8 mm. This wire needs to be wrapped in plastic tape (or better yet, hidden in plastic pipes) so that it does not rot in the damp soil.

Video “How to build a heated greenhouse with your own hands”

Gable greenhouse

Gable greenhouses are very often built from a metal corner or profile pipe. The angle of inclination of the rafter system is made from 20 to 30 degrees - this slope allows the snow to roll off the roof under its own weight. At the same time, this roof will not be too high so that it would have to be strengthened by the wind.

But you can build such a greenhouse by constructing a frame from wooden beams. It is advisable to arrange the foundation with a cross-section of 40 cm - by 40 cm. The walls should be one brick thick, beams should be placed in them, having previously made special grooves down for the greenhouse frames. The beam must be taken with a cross-section of at least 15 cm - by 15 cm. The rafter part can be made from beams with a smaller cross-section, 10 cm - by 10 cm is suitable. The rafters must be connected with beams that are laid on the walls, it is better to take a beam for the ridge with a cross-section 12 cm - by 12 cm. Gaps will inevitably appear between the frames; it is better to immediately sew them up with slats.

The covering for such a greenhouse can be combined - the walls can be covered with polycarbonate and the roof can be glazed. It is not difficult to build such a greenhouse yourself. It can be useful for growing perennial plants or for obtaining several crops of annuals in one year. But it will definitely have to be heated. You can lay a heated floor and limit yourself to air heaters when the temperature drops - this will depend on the climate and the degree of drop in temperature outside.

With earth filling

A very interesting option is a winter greenhouse with earthen filling. It can be built with a gable or shed roof, oriented to the south. In essence, this is a greenhouse completely buried in the ground; the sun enters it only through the roof. Of course, in winter there will be little light, especially given the cloudy weather, and additional lighting will have to be organized. The roof can be covered with polycarbonate.

If we want to build a greenhouse with a useful area of 15 square meters, we need to dig a pit 80 cm deep with dimensions of 12 m by 3.5 m. 60 cm from each wall, it is advisable to clearly mark the outline of the greenhouse with pegs and rope - the width will be 2.27 m with a length of 10.60 m. If we leave 80 cm for the path, we get beds 1.47 m wide. This is the optimal width of the bed; if you make it larger, it will be difficult to care for the plants.

Now we need to dig half a meter holes in which the posts will be installed, with a distance of 2.12 m between them. A total of 18 pillars will be needed: 6 on the south side (1.65 m each), 6 on the north (2.10 m) and 6 middle ones (2.30 m). The roof slope should be 20 - 25 degrees. The diameter of the pillars should be in the range from 10 to 20 cm. To prevent the pillars from rotting, they must be treated with an antiseptic; some advise simply covering the lower parts with resin. Special spikes are made on the pillars, and on the harness made of beams there are corresponding sockets into which these spikes will fit. Grooves are made on the inside of the frame into which the frames will then be placed.

Then they make a slope - logs are piled onto racks and covered with earth. The planned length of 10.6 m is designed for 10 window frames. The entrance to such a greenhouse is planned from the end, the roof over the corridor (path) can be covered with boards, the ceiling can be hemmed with planks, and insulation material can be placed between them. The path can be deepened another 30 cm, then it will be more convenient to walk (you won’t have to bend over) and care for the plantings.

Such a greenhouse can be covered with glass or polycarbonate. Cellular polycarbonate with a thickness of at least 8 mm is used, and a sheathing is assembled from bars with a cross-section of 5 cm - 5 cm by 5 cm. The bars are laid at least 1 m apart. And the glass is suitable at least 4 mm thick, insert it into the frames, having previously lubricated the ends of the glass and the grooves of the frames with liquid lubricant. The wooden part of the structure must be painted with oil paint; usually white or simply light paint is used. Such greenhouses are heated by stoves.

Budget greenhouse

A winter greenhouse cannot be a cheap project just because it requires heating and, very often, additional lighting. Heating will be the most expensive part of the greenhouse; everything else can be saved. The most economical option would be to build a greenhouse from wooden beams with a film coating.

The foundation needs to be made of expanded clay and concrete, using formwork to make it rise 30-50 cm above the ground, the frame is assembled from wooden beams treated with an antiseptic. You can sheathe it with two layers of film (on the inside and outside of the timber), a layer of air between them will help retain heat. And the roof can be covered with a hydrophilic film, from which condensation will not drain, and the walls with ordinary double film. During the coldest time of winter, almost all windows should be closed with slats, and then gradually opened, increasing natural light.

It is good to arrange high warm beds. It all depends on how severe the winter will be. If the thermometer does not drop too much, warm beds and air heating will be enough to grow vegetables in winter. And if in the conditions of Siberia the frosts are severe, and the ground freezes to more than 2 meters, then warm beds are arranged not for plants, but in order to help the heating system laid under the fertile soil.

Video “Do-it-yourself super greenhouse: cheap and simple”

The video will explain to you how to make a greenhouse with your own hands from scrap materials with minimal investment.

The place for the greenhouse is chosen to be level, preferably windless, so that it is not shaded by large trees or buildings, where groundwater does not come close to the surface. It is best to build rectangular rooms, oriented so that the wide side receives more sunlight.

Usually a small vestibule is made in the greenhouse, where gardening tools, dishes, and all sorts of useful little things are stored. This small room is also necessary because it protects the plants from cold air entering when the external doors are opened.

Whatever material you choose for construction, always ensure that the room is airtight.

You need to water the plants exclusively with warm water; it is best to set up a sprinkler system rather than drip irrigation.

To protect the greenhouse from freezing of the soil, you need to insulate it from the inside from below with polystyrene foam; it can be wrapped in polyethylene for greater safety. For the foundation, it is good to use adobe or foam blocks, which, together with cement and polymer mastic, will retain heat well. The only thing better than them is thick (twice as thick as foam blocks) brickwork, which will become significantly more expensive.

Plants require different temperature conditions, so you first need to determine what plants the greenhouse is being built for, and then install a heating system.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with greenhouse projects from the most advanced vegetable growers.

The presence of a greenhouse on a summer cottage is a common occurrence. Using different materials, you can build greenhouses of a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Work in them begins in early spring and ends in autumn. Having your own vegetables is not only economical, but also safe, since you can be confident in their quality. That is why many people have a desire to equip a winter greenhouse. You can grow vegetables and fruits in it all year round, even if it’s frosty outside.

Can an amateur summer resident build such a structure? In fact, the construction and arrangement of a winter greenhouse does not require much time and money, so you can handle the tasks yourself. In this article we will tell you how to build a winter greenhouse with your own hands, demonstrate the necessary drawings, as well as photo and video instructions.

Features and differences from a summer greenhouse

When constructing a winter greenhouse, unlike a summer greenhouse, a strong and reliable structure is made. It stands on the foundation. In addition, the winter greenhouse has a heating system. The quality and consistency of the temperature inside will depend on the latter. Every winter greenhouse must contain:

lighting;
heating;
ventilation;
watering.

The size of the greenhouse must be selected in accordance with the number of crops that will be grown. The coating material must be reliable. A simple film will not protect crops from frost and snow. It is also important to provide for the possibility of additional wall insulation.

When developing a winter greenhouse, several conditions must be met for good plant growth: light and temperature conditions, as well as air humidity.

Main types of winter greenhouses

A modern winter greenhouse can be built from various materials. Today, the construction market is filled with innovative materials. They are distinguished by increased strength, lightness and affordable price. This allows you to choose everything you need within even a small planned budget. At the preparatory stage it is necessary to plan the design. Her choice will depend solely on the plants that are planned to be grown.

The types of winter greenhouses are distinguished not only by the materials used, but also by their external forms.

Single-pitched - wall-mounted and with an earthen fill.
Gable - with main walls and a glazed roof.
Polycarbonate arched.

First of all, the parameters are calculated, since further calculations will depend on this.
It is also necessary to take into account functionality, that is, to know in advance the features of growing crops. In modern and modernized winter greenhouses, you can grow not only vegetables and fruits, but also mushrooms, herbs, and flowers.
The microclimate inside the structure will depend on the correct location of the greenhouse at ground level. If desired, the structure can be deepened inside and get the effect of a thermos, or construction can begin on the surface. Some people prefer to set up greenhouses in old buildings (garage or barn).
A wide variety of architectural solutions allows you to realize any ideas and plans. You can build the structure yourself or buy a ready-made structure. You can also seek help from specialists.

Many people grow flowers of various crops for sale. When choosing exotic plants, it is necessary to calculate all costs, as well as study the requirements for the structure.

When developing a project, it is necessary to take into account the material with which the frame will be sheathed. The winter greenhouse must be durable and airtight, so for arranging the frame choose:

tree;
metal.

Both materials are very durable, so it is quite difficult to choose one or the other. Metal is strong and reliable, but wood is much easier to work with. In addition, the wood will not heat up in high summer temperatures. To support the weight of the entire structure, as well as the load of snow on the roof, it is necessary to use strong and thick racks.

Frame covering material:

film;
glass;
cellular polycarbonate.

When choosing a film, it is necessary to sheathe the frame not in one layer, but in several. In addition, you should not use it to arrange the entire structure. Glass also has many disadvantages: heavy weight, fragility and difficulty in installation. The most suitable material for a winter greenhouse is cellular polycarbonate. The advantages include: light weight, light transmission, and ease of installation.

According to experts, the microclimate in a greenhouse made of wood is several times better than one made of metal. When choosing a tree, it must be treated with modern antiseptics and protective agents.

When choosing a site for the construction of a winter greenhouse, it is necessary to take into account three main factors:

Light. The winter greenhouse should receive the maximum amount of sunlight. The greenhouse is best placed lengthwise from west to east.
Wind. If the chosen location often experiences gusty and cold winds, it is necessary to consider protection. This will save on heating costs and constantly maintain an acceptable temperature and microclimate.
Convenience. Access or passage to the greenhouse should be wide and convenient. Thanks to this, it will be very convenient to use the greenhouse for its intended purpose.

When organizing protection from strong winds, you can plant a hedge. It must be remembered that the fence must be placed at a distance of at least 10 m. The distance is calculated depending on the height of the ridge.

The most important thing in a winter greenhouse is heating. This process is the most labor-intensive and complex. To organize it, the help of specialists is required. But you can do everything yourself. It is necessary to choose the right type of heating, on which the productivity of the greenhouse will depend. Today there are many ways to heat even a large area. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages:

Sun. Affordable and cheap option. But it is not suitable for winter, since the sun's rays are not so strong and will not be able to heat it. It can be combined with other heat sources.
Biological heating. Biologically active substances decompose, causing heat to be released. The simplest biological substance is manure. As with the sun, this method will not be able to completely heat even a small area.
Electricity. An affordable and popular heating method. It can be installed in any area away from home. You can use different electrical appliances for it: convectors, air heaters, infrared radiation, cable heating, heat pump and water heating.
Air heating. It is organized at the initial stage of construction of a winter greenhouse, in particular, when pouring the foundation. With the help of heating and ventilation units, warm air is supplied to the middle and upper part of the greenhouse.
Gas. Gas heaters are installed in the greenhouse, in which direct combustion occurs. To avoid oxygen burnout, it is necessary to provide a good ventilation system.
Bake. An affordable and economical option involves installing a stove and heating the entire area of the winter greenhouse. Gas, wood and coal can be used as fuel. Among the disadvantages is the heating of the walls, so planting plants next to the stove is not recommended.

It is necessary to choose the type of heating individually for each specific case. You must be guided by such criteria as local climate, planned budget and plant type.

Stages of construction of a winter greenhouse

Since the construction stages and technologies completely depend on the materials and design, there is no need to talk about standards. Using an example, we will look at the construction of a winter greenhouse, which is adjacent to the house. A brick is selected for the foundation. The frame is erected from wooden beams or profile pipes. The entire structure will be covered with polycarbonate.

To create the effect of a thermos, you don’t have to go deep into the ground, but only raise the base. The depth of the foundation is 50 cm, the width is 40 cm. For convenience, it is better to make a strip foundation. Do not forget about the sand cushion or use fine gravel. The execution steps are standard and do not require any professional skills or equipment. After pouring, it is recommended to keep the foundation for a week. On hot days, the surface is moistened with water. A layer of waterproofing should be laid between the foundation and the plinth.

You can use used bricks to build the basement. If the financial side allows, then a new brick is selected. The height of the wall should be about 1 m. The thickness of the walls can be half a brick or a brick, at your own discretion. The frame is constructed from durable and pre-treated wooden beams. Anchors and dowels act as fasteners. Thus, a skeleton is installed that will be a reliable support for heavy loads. The frame for the roof must be made at an angle of 30° from the horizon.

The frame should be sheathed with polycarbonate according to the standard scheme and technology. For a good result, several conditions must be met:

marking;
precision cutting;
accuracy of installation;
use of special fasteners;
sealing polycarbonate seams for tightness.

Several vents installed around the entire perimeter can serve as ventilation.

For greater savings, it is recommended to choose a location near your home. Thanks to this, one of the walls is already completely ready, so you don’t have to waste time, effort and money. In order for the main part of the greenhouse to be constantly warm, it is necessary to attach a vestibule at the front door. For high-quality sealing, you can use polyurethane foam and special sealants.

After all construction and sealing work has been completed in full, you can begin arrangement. So, it is necessary to supply water and electricity for lighting to the greenhouse. It is also important to take care of the shut-off valves, which will ensure a high-quality water supply.

When choosing light scattering sources, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of growing the selected crops. An equally important issue is the soil. The substrate is prepared, fertilizers and special additives (feeding) are added. They will ensure fast and proper growth of all vegetables and fruits that have been selected.

Guided by the tips provided, you can build and prepare a winter greenhouse for growing various crops in the winter in just a few days. It is enough to use all available materials and purchase missing ones. You can handle all the work alone, but it is better to have an assistant, especially when it comes to installing the skeleton of a winter greenhouse.

Video

To learn how to make heating in a winter greenhouse, watch the video:

Blueprints

Photo

A heated greenhouse will really enhance your yield. And its construction is simple and inexpensive. Therefore, its construction will not require special skill, but only the desire to enjoy the harvest, fresh salads and berries. Moreover, a year-round model would be ideal. However, a heated greenhouse is also a winning move.

It is only important to correctly determine the location of their placement. This will reward the owners with an early harvest and save on heating costs. Therefore, it is advisable to do it where it is as calm and sunny as possible. Often, prudent gardeners prefer to attach a greenhouse to the always warm wall of a heated house. At the same time, the costs of supplying heating to it are also reduced. Although this wall must be insulated from greenhouse moisture.

The biological method heats the greenhouse in winter through the exothermic reaction of biological fuel and air. For example, when rotting, horse manure retains +60ºС and retains it for up to six months. Sawdust, straw and their mixture with composted household waste are also used. This cheap way to heat a greenhouse is also the most beneficial for plants.

Technical heating is more diverse:

stove;
hot water;
electricity;

They prefer to heat the greenhouse with electricity Installing heaters or cable circuits along the foundation is an option for heated floors. Although excessive humidity and high cost of electricity are dangerous here.

You can arrange stove heating yourself. For example, lay a brick firebox in the vestibule and run the chimney along the greenhouse. Then a heated greenhouse with your own hands will always be heated by carbon monoxide rushing towards the chimney. At the same time, a safe distance from the chimney to plants and walls is maintained - at least half a meter.

Here, the water heating boiler and the pipes connected to it circulate heated water from above and along the walls, then again to the heater (gas, electric or stove). And the expansion tank at the highest point guarantees the required pressure.

After all, greenhouses heated with gas are heated by burning it in a boiler. Pros: uniform heating of the air, enriching it with carbon dioxide, which increases productivity.

A greenhouse heated by a home boiler is economical if it is attached to the wall of the house or near it. By the way, insulating external pipes will reduce heat loss. It is clear that the boiler’s power should be enough for this warm greenhouse.

Construction materials

To build a greenhouse structure, you will need coarse aggregate (crushed stone) and fine aggregate (sand). The cement will also ensure the strength of the foundation.Optimally, this is a strip foundation more than half a meter deep: after all, the structure itself is light. You also need to make a heat-insulating “cushion” of expanded clay and sand.
Ceramic (red) brick is needed for the plinth above the foundation. It is usually laid out in 3 rows. By the way, moisture-resistant brick is less susceptible to deformation from steam and temperature.
Film structures retain heat poorly and are broken by wind, snow, and icing. Then the crop will die. Therefore, they prefer to cover the winter greenhouse with more reliable material. For example, double coating with an elastic special film with a guarantee of more than 8 years.
Glass is a traditional coating. Moreover, double glazing is mandatory. After all, a layer of air between 2 glasses will save precious heat and money for heating. When thinking about how to build a winter greenhouse, you need to design ventilation transoms.
Cellular polycarbonate is the latest coating for greenhouses. This year-round greenhouse is the most reliable. Factory samples are equipped with an improved, powerful design and are easy to assemble with your own hands.

This material retains heat better, so the problem of how to heat the greenhouse is simplified. After all, heating such a polycarbonate structure is less expensive: this polycarbonate will retain heat even at -40ºС. For greater plant protection and saving money when insulating, an additional internal insulating layer can be made from film.

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Heated structure design

The frame for the winter greenhouse should also be durable: made of metal or wood.

Glass, cellular polycarbonate or film are attached to it. Pipes and a boiler heat the winter greenhouses.

Already when designing, we are guided by energy saving and expediency.

Therefore, projects with a pitched roof facing south are popular. Then the sun's rays hit it almost at a right angle and heat the greenhouse as much as possible. Let the northern vertical wall be opaque, and insulated from the inside with an insulator covered with foil, which ideally reflects heat and light onto the beds.

It is better to make the frame and its racks from thin pipes: they are light but reliable. Although high-strength plastic is also good. The correct shape of the frame will increase energy savings and yield. Therefore, when building a greenhouse with your own hands, make the roof slope more than 30 degrees. Then the snow will not linger, as, indeed, on the popular arched greenhouses. After all, a snow load can destroy a winter greenhouse. Nowadays the most popular frames are those constructed from a profile pipe by welding. The arch is formed by bending pipes with a cross section of 20x40 mm. But a year-round arched greenhouse will become stronger with corner posts made of 40x40 pipes.

Lighting affects the yield. And a winter day is 3-6 hours, and this is not enough for plants. Therefore, plant growers recommend taking care of artificial lighting that is comfortable for the crops being grown and beneficial for gardeners. The range of lamps is large: from ordinary light bulbs to LEDs. Their rational arrangement will especially increase the harvest of light-loving plants that will be close to light sources.

So, many are interested in how to build a heated greenhouse. It will increase the amount of harvest. After all, the goal is to build a winter greenhouse at a minimum cost, and the season for collecting vitamins will become endless.

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