DIY metal spiral staircase, drawings. How to make a spiral staircase with your own hands at home Do-it-yourself circular staircase

A spiral staircase to the second floor of a private home is an important element of home design. You can do it yourself, spending a minimum of money on purchasing the required materials.

Spiral staircase structures, which are often called circular and spiral, are very popular among owners of two-story houses with a small area. To equip such stairs, one and a half square meters is enough, on which a reliable support is mounted. And the structure itself, attached to this base, literally “hangs” in the air, creating a truly sophisticated design in your home.

Spiral staircase design

Spiral staircases are made from different materials. At the same time, wood structures are considered the most popular. They make it possible to create very original interiors for relatively little money. And most importantly, anyone who is comfortable with the most common construction tools can make and install a wooden staircase with their own hands.

Structurally, circular structures on the second floor are divided into several types. It is easy to select drawings for the following staircase structures:

With steps reinforced using cantilever technology on the main monolithic support pillar. Such structures are mounted at some distance from the walls of the room.
With wedge-shaped steps resting on the central column and at the same time on the walls. Steps to wall surfaces are most often fixed on bolts. But there are also more “advanced” options, when fastening is carried out on stringers or on spiral-shaped bowstrings.
Without central support. In this case, the steps are attached to stringers or spirally curved bowstrings, which turn into special railing rods. It is quite difficult to make such a staircase with your own hands, although drawings for its manufacture are available in large quantities.
With a central support made of asbestos-cement or metal pipe. The cross section of the latter should be 5 or more centimeters. As a rule, it is these wooden structures that are made by the owners of private two-story houses with their own hands. They are characterized by high operational reliability and ease of manufacture.

Wooden staircase structures are built according to certain principles. In order to competently make a drawing and develop a project for such structures, you need to take into account the following requirements:

the steps should have a depth of 20 cm in their center line;
the diameter of the spiral staircase is taken to be in the range of 130–330 cm (the opening in the interfloor ceiling must have a similar indicator);
march width – up to 143 cm (not less than 53 cm).

In practice, structures with a diameter of about 210 cm are most often erected with their own hands. Note that in plan they can be not only round, but also oval or polygonal. The optimal width of the flight of the structure is 85 cm. If you are planning to make a staircase with your own hands for the first time, experts advise using ready-made drawings. There are no problems finding the ideal project for your home. You will only need to correct the data contained in the finished drawing, adjusting it to the parameters of your home.

DIY wooden staircase

It’s easy to do the basic calculations yourself. First of all, you need to determine the height of the structure. It must be comfortable for everyone who lives in the house. Let's see how the lifting height is calculated for a structure 300 cm high with a march 80 cm wide and a support with a cross section of 20 cm (a standard project, the drawing of which is often used by home craftsmen):

The diameter of the structure is 80x2 + 20 = 180 cm (take double the width and add to it the cross-section of the support used).
The lifting radius is determined as the sum of the radius of the support used and 1/2 the width of the flight. Add 40 to 10 cm and get 50 cm.
For such indicators, the number of steps in one turn of the staircase is usually taken to be 17.

Now you can calculate the optimal step height. It should ensure safe and most comfortable movement along the stairs for a person with a height of 180–200 cm. We take the maximum height (200 cm), divide it by the number of steps (17) and get a height of approximately 12 cm, which we must achieve by building a circular staircase made of wood with our own hands. You can use the described calculation algorithm for staircase structures with different flight lengths and widths. Just plug in your numbers and get the correct results.

The function of the central support in the described screw structures is most often performed by a metal pipe with a cross-section of 5–7 cm. You can also make the main stand with your own hands from a strong and thick wooden beam. The central support must be mounted in the chosen place strictly vertically. In this case, the support point (by which we mean wooden or concrete floors) must easily withstand the load on the circular staircase.

Installation and fixation of the main column in a vertical position is carried out: with various types of hardware (for example, anchor bolts); by pouring concrete mixture onto the base of the support used. When using metal fasteners, it will be easier for you to align the main rack vertically with your own hands. But when pouring concrete into a pipe, you will need to additionally strengthen it with special braces and use them to align the right angle.

Fixing the main pillar of the stairs in a vertical position

It is recommended to make wooden steps for a circular staircase structure from maple, beech or oak wood. These tree species are characterized by increased strength. The steps made from them will serve you for a very long time.

You will need to take a rectangular board of a certain size, cut it diagonally to get two trapezoidal treads. After this, their edges must be rounded, the edges must be carefully processed, and several layers of varnish must be applied to future steps. If you don’t like to walk on varnished steps (you’re afraid of slipping), you can treat them with stain or special impregnations that have dirt-repellent properties. In this case, the surface of the steps will be more rough.

The steps are mounted on the central support using bushings. Please note that the height of these fasteners must be equal to the distance between the two steps. Washers should be placed on the areas of contact between the bushings and the joints of the steps. They will protect wooden products from deformation during operation of the structure and mechanical damage.

We make railings - we maintain safety

The final stage of work is the installation of fencing. Railings are needed not only to ensure safety of movement on the stairs, but also to give the structure an elegant look. Fences are best made from balusters made from wooden rods. They are easy to cut on a lathe. If you do not have access to such equipment, you will have to buy ready-made products. In this case, you will need two types of balusters:

small ones that you will install on each step of the structure;
larger ones (they are mounted in the corners of the stairs).

Installation of the fence proceeds as follows:

Mark an angle on the top of the large balusters that is equal to the angle of inclination of the structure we are creating. Then cut off the unnecessary part.
Make a hole at the bottom of the baluster. It is needed to fasten the components of the stairs using cylindrical wooden nails (they are called dowels).
Drill holes in the places where the balusters will be mounted. We install dowels. To prevent them from becoming loose, you can additionally fill them with glue.
Place balusters around the entire perimeter of the staircase structure.
Install handrails. They are installed on the upper part of large balusters cut at a given angle.
Check the accuracy of the installation of handrails using. If everything is fine, secure them.
Apply wood preservatives to the fence.

Your spiral staircase is ready!

Owners of houses with several floors are faced with the problem of choosing a suitable staircase in order to integrate it into the interior as conveniently as possible. The optimal design is a spiral staircase. It does not take up much space and has an increased safety margin. Next, let's talk about how to make a metal spiral staircase with your own hands.

Spiral staircases appeared in the early Middle Ages. They were used in narrow towers where no other type of staircase could be accommodated. To this day, the purpose has not changed - saving space. The spiral staircase does not have any other significant advantages.

On the other hand, there are a number of significant disadvantages:

The first and most important is the spiral shape. When climbing such stairs, there is a risk of dizziness. In the event of a fall, centrifugal force begins to act on a person, as a result of which he will roll to the very bottom, which will lead to serious injuries.
The second disadvantage is the complexity of installation. Although the design itself is quite simple, the manufacture of its individual elements takes a lot of time and requires certain skills.
Another feature of such stairs is vibration. It is completely impossible to get rid of it. Under the influence of vibration, the fastening elements constantly become loose and destroy the walls.

However, for all these problems there are solutions that can minimize them. Let's talk about them.

Types of spiral staircases

The first type is metal spiral staircases, consisting of simple wedge-shaped steps, which rest with their wide end on the surrounding walls, and with their narrow end on the middle support pillar. The middle support pillar is made from masonry or the thickened ends of the steps themselves. In practice, this is the cheapest installation method, but such a ladder is not reliable and severely damages the walls.
The second type is individual steps that cantilever out from the middle monolithic support column. This type of ladder does not need to be attached to the walls. Installation is advisable in large rooms where the staircase not only performs its main function, but also serves as a decorative object.
The third type is a steel spiral staircase with an internal support rod. This is the most traditional and frequently used option. Since the central post is the supporting structural basis of the staircase, it must be made of a thick-walled metal pipe with a diameter of at least 50 mm. It is worth noting that this is the most reliable method of installing a screw ladder, which reduces the harm of vibration to a minimum.

Spiral staircases made of metal, photos of which are presented in the article, are distinguished by a variety of different design options.

Development of a metal spiral staircase project

Before starting work, you need to carefully consider all the nuances. To do this, a project is drawn up consisting of the following points:

1. Choosing a location. Sometimes spiral staircases are installed outside the building or in unheated rooms. This is absolutely impossible to do. In winter, the metal freezes and becomes slippery, which will inevitably lead to injuries. In the summer, the metal heats up to such an extent that it is almost impossible to walk on it.

2. Creating a drawing. It is necessary to consider the type of stairs, the width and depth of the steps, as well as the step height.

3. Selection of materials. In addition to steel, the frame will also need decorative elements. The most economical option is to buy a sheet of steel 4 mm thick and use a grinder to cut all the parts. It is better to make the structure hollow, and fill the plane of the step with wood. This will reduce the overall weight, and besides, it is pleasant to walk on wood even barefoot.

4. Tool preparation. To work you will need:

Bulgarian,
welding machine,
drill or hammer drill,
a set of dowels or anchors, depending on the type of wall and ceilings,
set of wrenches,
roulette,
level.

Main dimensions of metal spiral staircases

Drawings of metal spiral staircases are built according to the following scheme:

1. Structure height. There are two meanings:

distance from the floor to the upper ceiling. The support pillar must be secured both above and below, otherwise the structure will have only 50% strength;
the distance from the floor to the opening is used to calculate the number of steps.

2. Opening diameter. The spiral staircase is a circle. During the ascent, a person sees only half the area of the stairs. Thus, for a minimum passage width of 50 cm, the diameter should be 105 cm. The diameter of the support pillar should also be taken into account. If you plan to carry furniture, then the diameter of the opening must be at least 305 cm.

3. Width of steps. The steps of the spiral staircase are wedge-shaped. It is advisable that the width at the contact point be at least 10 cm, otherwise it will be easy to stumble and fall.

4. Step height. The lower the step height, the easier it is to walk. However, this significantly increases material consumption and the overall weight of the structure. As a rule, this parameter is calculated mathematically: divide the distance from the floor to the opening by numbers starting from 5 until they come to a whole. Step 0.5.

Example: 312/5=62.4; 312/5.5=56.7; 312/6=52; those. for this height it is optimal to make 52 steps 6 cm high.

Manufacturing of metal spiral staircase parts

Let's consider several options, dividing them by price categories. It is worth noting that the main differences are not in quality, but in appearance.

1. The cheapest way:

According to the drawing, the total area of the stairs is calculated. To do this, use the formula: width of the step in the middle part * height of the step * number of steps;
Next, sheets of metal 4 mm thick are purchased. If there is a staircase to the attic or basement, then 2 mm is enough. It is worth considering that the steps are wedge-shaped, so there will be a lot of scraps and one additional sheet is always taken;
steps are cut according to the drawing. To save money, the support column is often made from scrap metal. Make it square;
a longer way is to create hollow steps. To do this, cut strips 2 cm wide, 4 pieces - side and 4 pieces - end per step. Next, the strips are welded into a corner. The steps are filled with wood or forging elements. The result is a more aesthetic appearance and a noticeable reduction in the weight of the structure.

2. Average capital investment:

A significant disadvantage of sheet iron is its susceptibility to corrosion. Galvanized steel helps solve this problem. But working with it requires the presence of special welding equipment;
Aluminum is easier to work with, but its cost is even higher. But the weight of the structure will be 2-3 times less. In addition, aluminum almost completely dampens vibration and does not destroy walls;
the assembly process itself is no different from that described above;
Argon units are used for welding.

3. Exclusive:

the most expensive solutions will be forged or copper stairs;
Copper is a fairly light and durable metal, is not subject to corrosion and does not require decorative work. The service life of such a staircase is limited solely by the materials from which the house is built;
a forged staircase even surpasses a copper staircase in beauty. If manufacturing took place at the time of construction of the house, then the craftsmen will make the product whole. On the one hand, this will add complexity during installation, but on the other hand it will look extraordinarily beautiful. In addition, it is possible to create forged elements in parts.

When choosing a forged staircase, it is appropriate to immediately order it to be blued. The process allows you to protect the metal from the negative effects of the atmospheric environment. A possible drawback is that the stairs will be a rich black color.

Installation of a spiral staircase

The process is divided into four stages:

installation of a support pole,
installation of steps,
installation of handrails,
decorative works.

1. Install the support pillar:

if the staircase is assembled during the construction of a house, then the lower edge of the support pillar is concreted into the floor, and the upper edge is attached with dowels to the ceiling;
concreting depth of at least 40 cm;
when it is not possible to concrete, use 150 mm dowels.

Sometimes, sleeves are put on the support column, to which the steps are subsequently welded. They are made from a larger diameter pipe. In theory, this makes it easier to adjust the lifting angle, but in practice it only adds extra weight and difficulty in securing the elements. Therefore, we will not consider this technology.

2. Once the support post is secured, move on to the steps. If it is possible to fix them not only on the base, but also on the wall, then the work begins with installing the clamps:

wooden blocks 5x5 cm are suitable for this;
the bars are cut into pieces equal to the maximum width of the step, leveled and fixed in the wall with dowels;
then the step is welded to the support post, and its second edge rests firmly on the latch;
to reduce vibration, it is advisable to screw the stage to the clamp with screws;
Even greater solidity is achieved by welding the steps together. Use strips of metal 1-2 cm wide. They are welded at a distance of 5 cm from each other.

3. Handrails are a useful, but not required element. They reduce the usable space of the staircase and are only relevant if the height is more than two floors. Installation is simple: supports are attached to the wall into which the handrail crossbar is inserted. Can be:

wooden,
metal,
forged.

Wood is the most pleasant to the touch, but it all depends on the overall style of the staircase.

4. Decoration is the most important and painstaking moment. By and large, there are three classic styles of spiral staircases:

castle,
Provence,
forging.

The castle style is appropriate only if it is combined with the rest of the interior. To implement it you will need hollow steps. The walls around the stairs are decorated with decorative stone. Periodic protruding stone elements are used as handrails. The steps of the stairs are filled with slate or other natural stone. Plywood is used as a substrate. When choosing this option, it is important to immediately calculate the required width of the corner; the stone should be ¾ of the way into the step.

Provence suggests the presence of wood. In fact, this is the most elegant style, but it will require a lot of effort and time. The catch is that every part of the staircase is covered with wood. It is convenient to use pine for work. With the help of stains, it is subsequently given the appearance of more noble tree species.

As the name suggests, forging involves the presence of forged elements. This style is quite expensive, but it looks impressive. To implement it, you need to draw the future staircase and take the sketch to the blacksmith shop. When all the elements are ready, all that remains is to weld them.

Final touches

Metal is a fairly rough material, so after welding there will be many defects that need to be eliminated:

scale,
burrs,
surges.

Scale is removed immediately after welding. To do this, let the seam cool for at least five minutes and then tap it with a hammer. This is done to prevent rust.

Burrs appear where metal is cut. They are easy to cut on, so sanding is necessary. Not only burrs are polished, but also all sharp edges.

Welding leaks are possible if the arc does not start the first time. They also need to be sanded. They do not carry a payload, but spoil the appearance.

Another important point is the protection of the stairs. The metal frame is treated with paint with an anti-rust effect, then painted in the desired color. Even if all the elements are hidden, it is necessary to paint.

The compact design of a spiral staircase ideally combines lightness and strength, introduces an element of originality and unusualness into the interior, and at the same time has a number of other practical and applied advantages.

Let's consider the technology of constructing a spiral staircase, what material to use, how to calculate and how to manufacture structural elements.

DIY spiral staircase

Pros of spiral staircases

Firstly, the spiral staircase does not take up much space, since it is located around a special support and seems to “hang” in the air. In the case of limited space, this is a compelling argument. 1.5 sq. is enough. m for a device of this design.

Secondly, the cost of a spiral staircase is somewhat less than the price of building conventional flight stairs.

Thirdly, the manufacturing principle is quite simple; of course, you need to have certain skills and tools, but you can do it yourself.

Fourthly, the efficiency of use in your own houses or apartments, where there is no heavy traffic of people and you can easily go up to the second floor.

It is important to remember that the steps of the screw structure are not very wide and with a sufficiently steep climb, this becomes a source of increased danger. Therefore, it is recommended to not walk very fast on such a structure and observe the rules of caution. This disadvantage can be compensated for by installing reliable handrails. Even more important is the accurate calculation of the dimensions of the stairs and, in particular, the winder steps and the width of the tread (horizontal surface).

In fact, you can make a spiral staircase for your home, which will become an exquisite component of the room, yourself, keeping in mind the nuances that are of fundamental importance:

For comfortable movement, professionals advise making the span width at least 100 cm, then the width of the structure is slightly more than two meters, provided that the load-bearing support has a diameter of 20-50 mm.

An inexpensive and at the same time reliable option, which is one of the most common, is considered to be a design where the steps are fixed to a load-bearing support and screw handrails with balusters.
Another design, with bent-glued handrails, with steps and risers attached to them without constructing a support in the center, is much more expensive and requires more labor.

Taken in a horizontal plane, a stair screw can have the shape of a circle or a polygon (when the structure is located near the walls). To install the steps, recesses are made in the wall, where bookmarks are prepared for subsequent installation.

DIY wooden spiral staircase

What materials should be used to make spiral staircases?

The strength and durability of the staircase depends on the chosen material. An asbestos-cement or metal pipe is suitable as the main load-bearing element of the structure, onto which the steps are attached by welding, bolting or coupling. Sometimes brick, concrete, stone or wood are used to make supports.

Railings are made of hardwood, metal, and their combined use is possible. In addition to traditional beech, oak, ash and metal steps, glass or plastic steps are often found today.

In order to achieve durability, reliability and increased safety, the following recommendations should be followed:

The helical design, in which the inner edge of the horizontal plane is free, reduces the risk of slipping when ascending and descending narrow parts of the steps. This option is called a ladder without a vertical plane, and it has higher safety indicators.

Movement on the stairs usually occurs in the middle of the steps, so it is recommended to make them about 20 centimeters wide. Already 15 cm from the central support, the width of the steps should be at least 10 cm.
The length of the steps depends on the purpose of the staircase. In case of rare use, you can limit yourself to a size of 0.6 m with a diameter of 1.4 m. The optimal size is slightly larger: steps - 0.8 m, diameter - about 2 m.
When calculating design data, it should be ensured that the height for a person’s passage ensures the ability to move along the next turn, which is about two meters.
For the central support, it seems optimal to use a thick-walled metal pipe (about 50 mm in diameter), which gives the entire structure the necessary strength. The support must be installed exactly vertically, and the point on which it rests must be able to bear the entire load.
With a wooden covering, the vertical post is mounted using anchor bolts and the necessary fasteners. An option for fastening is by pouring concrete using bracing.
To secure the steps to the central post, holes with a diameter equal to the diameter of the post are drilled on the narrow side of the step. The steps are installed using bushings; their height should be the same as the height of the vertical plane. Horizontal planes and bushings must be lined with washers to protect the wood from deformation. The size of the bushings should be calculated by adding the size of all the washers, otherwise the height of the entire structure will be greater than the preliminary data.
The length of the steps directly correlates with the size of the opening in the ceiling, and their number is obtained by dividing the height of the stairs by 18-20 cm (the distance between the feet), not forgetting to add the thickness of the steps.
To give the structure strength, subsequent steps are laid with a slight overlap on the previous ones and secured with a bracket, which is placed between the adjacent edges of the steps in their widest part.

How to make a spiral staircase with your own hands

Installation of a spiral staircase

The assembly of the spiral staircase is carried out in the following sequence: installation of the supporting post, installation of treads and bushings in the required order. Next comes the installation of the steps, taking into account their exact initial and final position, and at the end the brackets are secured. The installation is completed by fastening the upper step to the ceiling. All that remains is to install the railings and make handrails.

Calculation of a spiral staircase - drawings and diagrams

Types of spiral staircase - diagram
Calculation of a spiral staircase - drawing and diagram Design (components) of a spiral staircase on a casing pipe Construction of a spiral staircase in a round and square staircase opening Design of a spiral staircase - drawing and diagram Installation of a wooden spiral staircase - drawing and diagram
Polygonal spiral staircase - drawing and diagram

DIY spiral staircase - video assembly instructions

Wooden spiral staircases – photo

How to make a spiral staircase with your own hands Wooden spiral staircase with continuous railing Metal spiral staircase with continuous railing Wooden spiral staircase with riser Original spiral staircase made of wood Platform with railing for a spiral staircase Flight of square spiral staircase Wooden spiral staircase in a house Spiral staircase with landing in the living room Spiral staircase with metal railing Spiral staircase with slide

Spiral staircase to the second floor, design advantages

The compact design of a spiral staircase will allow you to solve those problems that were inaccessible to other staircase designs, and also in combination with metal, they provide an undoubted benefit, namely:

1. Compactness. The spiral staircase has very small dimensions due to one single support around which all its structural elements are located. In order to fully use the spiral staircase, you can allocate no more than one and a half square meters of space. This is several times less when compared with traditional designs.

2. Availability. Spiral staircase prices, the prices of which are determined only by the costs of material and manufacturing in a factory or workshop, are much lower than marching structures, since all design details can be unified and do not require adjustment on site.

3. Easy to install and manufacture. The principle of making metal spiral staircases is simple, you just need to have certain basic skills and master basic tools in order to make a spiral staircase with your own hands from metal. Drawings and diagrams are also not at all complicated and can be understood and read without any preparation.

4. Functionality. A spiral staircase, in addition to being the main means of ascending to the second floor, can be used as an additional method, due to its small size, and can exist along with flight stairs.

However, many point out some of the disadvantages that a spiral metal staircase has. As a rule, steps become the target of attacks - it is not always possible to make them with sufficient width. Sometimes it can become a source of increased danger, especially when it comes to older people.

Types of metal spiral staircases

Since a staircase can be made in different ways, the staircase will withstand different characteristics, including dynamic loads. It all depends on the metal from which the structure is made. And, of course, technology. And it can be different:

wrought iron spiral staircase;
cast construction;
welded structure.

Of course, this does not mean that the staircase is cast at the installation site, it means the method of manufacturing the structural elements. The easiest to install are welded structures, since they are more flexible in the choice of both linear parameters and load characteristics, therefore almost all stairs that are made independently are made using welding.

Design and drawings of spiral staircases

Designing spiral staircases is a rather complicated matter, so when manufacturing it is worth using ready-made drawings. This is due to the mass of both reference and local data that must be used for calculations, so the use and adaptation of a finished drawing is an ideal option. When developing drawings, not only the main indicators related to the structural features are taken into account, such as:

area allocated for staircase construction;
strength of the material of manufacture, since metals can have different strength indicators, depending on both the composition and thickness, welding method, etc.;
the height to which lifting must be ensured;
comfort level of using the stairs.

The main indicator that determines the functionality of the structure is the width of the step, so by all standards it should be at least 35 cm at the widest point. Considering the fact that the step in a spiral staircase is not rectangular, but trapezoidal, the average width at the center of the step is taken to be 20 cm.

Economy spiral staircase in a private house, design and railings

The simplest stairs that can be successfully assembled with your own hands and used both at the dacha and in a large cottage are simple welded economy-class structures. As a rule, such stairs are assembled around a main pillar, which is rigidly fixed in the stairwell. This design is assembled from ready-made elements, and the elements themselves can be prepared and made in convenient conditions, and when installing the structure it will be enough to assemble them together. We presented several such structures in the photo.

The simplest option is a prefabricated pillar, which is formed as the steps are strengthened, and the design of the railings and strength elements is determined by the choice of the owner; here the choice is extremely large. Thus, for very little money and with your own hands, you can make a simple spiral staircase for your summer house, which, nevertheless, will meet all the parameters of safety and comfort.

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How to make a spiral staircase to the second floor, attic

How to make a spiral staircase with your own hands

Any staircase design performs not only an aesthetic function, it must be comfortable and multifunctional. It is difficult to imagine that a spiral staircase or another version of the lifting system will not be installed in a two-story house.

There are many options for designing staircase openings and decorating steps. And there are quite a lot of staircase structures themselves with unusual design solutions.

A do-it-yourself wooden spiral staircase should harmoniously fit into the overall interior of the house, and also fully comply with all safety rules, especially if there are small children and elderly people in the house.

Choosing a staircase design

In order to choose the right staircase system, you need to know about their varieties.

There is a division of staircase structures according to the following parameters:

the material used to construct the system;
aesthetic characteristics;
form;
installation location;
railing designs;
sizes;
style design.

According to their immediate purpose, there are staircase systems:

Among the common options for staircase systems used in private homes, we highlight:

rotary or straight marching systems, for example, a spiral spiral staircase in the photo. The material is mainly wood or metal.

modular or prefabricated structures;
systems on brackets, bolts, stringers;
transformers and portable structures;
internal or external systems;
flights of stairs screwed to the wall or separately located;
with open or closed steps;
with or without railings.

You can make spiral staircases to the second floor of economy class yourself, if you have drawings, tools, and desire.

Wooden marching structures

The flight system is the simplest and most popular; similar do-it-yourself spiral staircases with drawings can be found on many websites of construction companies or ordered from a design studio.

This design involves the manufacture of two or more flights, separated by turning platforms or steps.

Algorithm of actions

First you need to select a staircase design option in order to carry out calculations. For the option with side support, you will need a “well” with steps built into its walls. It is theoretically possible to make a “well” on your own, but it is better to choose spiral staircases to the second floor with a main beam on a casing support.

Let's calculate a spiral staircase, in which the support will be a steel tube 5 mm thick, with a diameter of 6-8 cm. We use a steel corner for welding consoles, and we will use solid wood to arrange the steps.

You must understand that the spiral staircase to the second floor is a regular circle, its diameter corresponds to the size of the opening.

R – outer radius of the console (circle).

R1 is the internal radius of the opening (diameter and thickness of the support pipe).

γ is the revolution of the structure, an angular value demonstrating the difference in height between steps.

L – circumference.

Formula for calculating circumference:

In practice, this is not enough for normal movement along the steps, and therefore 2R/3 is taken as the radius of movement. As a result, the formula takes the following form:

Calculating the steps

The main difference is that the spiral staircases in Leroy Merlin have a specific shape of steps. The console of such a system is a petal with a rounded edge. The console has the following parameters:

h – step length. It is the difference between the radius of the opening and the outer radius of the support pipe. When choosing a step length of up to a meter, the console can be made from solid wood, no frame is required;
W1 - tread width;
W2-workpiece width;
α-step angle.

To determine the number of steps, divide the height of the opening by the rise of the step. Spiral staircases with step heights of 15-20 cm will be convenient for movement.

We calculate the angle of the step using the formula:

Knowing the width and angle of the step, we calculate the largest tread width:

We calculate the tread width using the formula:

Wooden spiral staircases with a tread width in the range of 20-30 cm are convenient.

Types of screw structures

If the area is insufficient to accommodate the marches, spiral structures are installed. A wrought iron spiral staircase will fit into any interior if the finishing is made with natural materials. Spiral systems are used for lifting into the attic, that is, in the form of auxiliary structures.

About the disadvantages of screw systems.

The spiral structure is inconvenient to climb, and there is a high risk of injury for children and the elderly.
Inconvenience of lifting furniture.
The trapezoidal shape of the steps interferes with normal movement; the steps for the right and left legs are different in size.

Aesthetically, a hand-made wooden spiral staircase looks very beautiful, seems “airy”, and adds additional charm to the design of the house.

Wooden swing structures

Such systems are a type of stair screw structures. They partially or completely consist of winder steps. The following modifications are distinguished:

Installation of rotating wooden structures is often carried out along a load-bearing wall, the handrail is placed on the outside. In some houses you can see free-standing (without attachment to the wall) staircase structures. The disadvantage of making spiral staircases of this type is the inconvenience of moving along the steps, but the system itself looks quite original and aesthetically pleasing.

Installation of a spiral staircase system

There is a certain sequence for assembling a spiral staircase structure:

first you need to calculate the spiral staircase, make sure it is “viable” under the given conditions;
the location of the main rod is selected, the lower support flange is attached;
the first stage is attached to the floor, it fits into the flange;
the building level is used to check the verticality of the support rod;
bushings and steps are placed on top of the central post and fastened according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer;
a comfortable do-it-yourself spiral wooden staircase on the second floor is attached to the walls of the opening or using the top step;
the support rod is fixed at the top;
select and install handrails and safety barriers.

Installation nuances

Remember that to obtain the desired result, it is important to fully follow the instructions offered by the manufacturer.

To determine the location of the main rod, on the second floor you need to pull two cords perpendicular to each other diagonally. At the point of their intersection, secure a plumb line to place a point on the floor of the first floor. It is in the resulting place that the rod needs to be placed, then the forged spiral staircases will not only be beautiful, but also durable and safe.
To make a central support, a pipe with a diameter greater than 50 mm is suitable.
To ensure that the new spiral staircase to the attic is safe, the support rod is placed on a separate concrete pad. Anchor bolts can serve as fasteners for such a system.
The fastening to the main rod of the steps is carried out on the narrow side. The height of the sleeve is similar to the parameters of the riser, inferior to it by the size of the washer that is inserted between the treads and bushings. The homemade forged spiral staircases in the photo have an elegant and unique look.

Washers are made from durable materials to protect the structure from mechanical deformation; for example, cast iron spiral staircases can be made to individual sizes:

Often wooden structures are combined with other materials, so a prefabricated spiral staircase can consist of stone, wood, or metal. For many centuries, wood was considered the main material for the construction of staircases, and they have not lost their relevance today. Classic wooden systems are gradually being replaced by original ready-made spiral staircases made of cast iron and steel. Thinking about installing a screw structure? Consult with professionals, study the assembly features, and do not forget about the calculations. Only compliance with all the nuances will allow you to create a real masterpiece in your home.

st. Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya, 10

Dmitrovskoe highway, 163a, building 1, -1 floor

DIY spiral staircase photos, drawings, video

How to make a spiral staircase to the second floor, attic How to make a spiral staircase with your own hands Any staircase design performs not only an aesthetic function, it must be comfortable

DIY spiral staircases

A staircase in a private low-rise building carries not only a functional load - it must be beautiful and easy to use. Even for a one-story house with an attic, you need to equip some kind of lifting device, and for a two- or three-story house, calculating a spiral staircase or staircase of another design is vital. Screw (spiral) staircase structures have the main advantage - they take up little space. The space for climbing using such a device will be the same as when using conventional marching or other spatial structures, and if the house is wooden, then a wooden staircase will perfectly complement the design elements of the premises, without ceasing to meet safety requirements.

Spiral (spiral) staircase in a wooden house

How to choose the shape of a spiral staircase

The classic version of the product with a spiral design involves the steps resting on the wall on one side, and their fastening to the load-bearing column on the other. The characteristic and main distinguishing feature of screw products is a separate stone, concrete or brick column. The building material for this option is concrete or natural stone, sometimes wood or metal, and even more rarely, a combination of all these materials including glass and plastic. A classic staircase is built immediately during the construction of a house, since the steps must be walled up in the wall, and the supporting column must be embedded in the base of the floor.

Helical rectangular design

The correct choice of model is based on knowledge of the structures, types, functionality and design of stair products. The main classification is based on the following criteria:

Construction materials;
Design - by shape (spiral), by style (high-tech, classic), by design features (modular);
Shape of the stairs;
Place of operation;
Railing design;
Dimensions and design dimensions of the product.

Metal railings

Stairs for entering a house or premises;
Interfloor structures;
Auxiliary (for utility rooms);
Entrance to the basement;
Entrance to the attic or attic.

Attic spiral staircase

The most common solutions for staircase structures:

Straight marching, rotary (spiral) models made of wood or metal with the possible inclusion of plastic and glass;
Products are modular or made from prefabricated elements;
Products constructed on rails, stringers or brackets;
Stairs that can be converted into other household structures, portable models;
External and internal staircase models;
Wall-mounted or individual products;
Stairs with steps of closed or open design;
Models with and without railings.

Modular spiral staircase

Making spiral staircases with your own hands, drawings of which can be found in the public domain, is possible with skillful use of tools, diagrams and knowledge of the basics of working with wood and metal - any staircase should be not only beautiful and comfortable, but also safe, especially if in the house old people and children live there.

Wooden stairs with marches

A marching lift is the simplest design that you can make yourself. For such a staircase, they most often develop their own drawing, which indicates in detail all the dimensions of two or more flights, which are separated by steps or turning surfaces.

Marching spiral staircase design

Important! Any variants of stairs are complex engineering structures, the implementation of which requires accuracy in calculations and reliability of building materials. Staircase calculations can be done online or independently, but it is better to use the services of specialists.

Calculations and algorithms - example

The first step to making a staircase is choosing your design option. A wooden spiral staircase, the drawing of which was developed and compiled by outside specialists, requires verification and clarification of the calculation results. Moreover, each specific solution will have its own individual construction conditions. So, when using a staircase with a side support, you will need to equip a “well”, in the side planes of which the steps will be rigidly built. The “well” is a technically complex mechanism, and you can make it yourself, but it is preferable to go with the option with a load-bearing beam on the main rod.

Screw-mounted design

As an example, we can provide an independent calculation of a screw model, in which the support beam is a metal pipe with a wall thickness of 5 mm, the Ø of the main pipe is 48 cm. The metal corners will serve as fastening of the consoles by welding, the steps will be made of solid wood. An ideal screw design is a regular circle with a diameter equal to the dimensions of the entrance opening to the room. A simple but accurate formula to calculate the circumference of a staircase:

L = 2πR x n; or L=2πR x (γ / 360);

R - radius of the circle of the structure;
R 1 - internal radius of the stairs (pipe diameter);
γ - stair turn, the value reflects the difference in height between the steps of the stairs;
L is the circumference.

The practical implementation of the model calculated using this formula showed that comfortable movement along such stairs will be complicated by tight openings, therefore the radius of movement should be 2R / 3. The final and working formula:

L = 2π x 2R/3 x n = 4πR / 3 x n

Data for calculating a spiral staircase

From the comparative diagram above it is clear that a staircase with a spiral design differs from a straight model by a different, more specific shape of steps. The console of a spiral product is a petal with a rounded end and with specific characteristics and meanings:

h is the length of one tread, reflecting the difference between R and R 1. If the length of one step is chosen to be less than 1 m, then the console can be made of hard wood without a frame;
W 1 - tread width;
W 2 - step width;
Α - stage rotation angle.

Calculation of the number of steps

To find out the total number of steps, you need to divide the height of the opening by the rise, the standard and comfortable value of which is taken to be 15-30 cm. The angle is calculated by

Having the calculated width and angle values, you can calculate the maximum tread width:

The average tread width will be:

Types of spiral staircases

The screw model is not a necessary solution. It is equipped if there is not enough space in the room for a marching structure. The design of such products can be absolutely anything - from classic to modern or high-tech. For example, a wrought iron staircase is suitable for any interior if individual parts and elements are finished with wood or stone. Spiral models also work as auxiliary structures - attics, basements, etc.

Different staircase designs

Disadvantages of screw spiral designs of internal stairs:

It is more difficult to climb on a helical surface than on a marching surface - due to the cramped and circular design, there is a danger of injury, children and the elderly are especially at risk;
It is inconvenient to lift/lower pieces of furniture and other bulky items using a screw product;
The complex geometry of the steps makes it difficult to quickly move along the steps, since the steps for the left and right legs will have different sizes;

But the appearance of such a model most often outweighs all its shortcomings - the design looks light and airy, although it is very durable and reliable. Rotary staircase systems are also considered screw, as they have winder steps in the device. Turning stairs are as follows:

Curvilinear complex design;
Half-turn rotary models;
Quarter turn devices;
Curved models.

Calculation of the quarter-turn model

When assembling and installing the rotating model, it is strengthened along the load-bearing wall, with a handrail on the outside. The disadvantage of such structures is considered to be an uncomfortable climb up the steps.

Features of installation of a spiral staircase

The assembly of spiral staircases is carried out in a certain sequence, violation of which can weaken the structure:

Calculation of parameters for specific operating conditions;
Selecting a place for support, installing the support bottom flange;
Fastening the first step to the floor with a flange;
A set of bushings for the support post, fastening the remaining steps;
Fastening the entire frame to the wall, or mounting the structure to the ceiling using the top step;
Fastening the upper end of the support;
Choosing the design and design of railings and other protective elements.

¾ turn staircase

To calculate where to install the supporting metal rod, two construction cords are pulled diagonally on the second floor at the location where the stairs are installed. At the intersection of the cords, a plumb line is attached, and on the first floor the center of the axis is marked, which will be the main axis of the staircase. The tube for the rod should be ≈ 50 mm in diameter if it is metal. The wooden post should be at least twice as thick.

For safe operation of a spiral staircase to the second floor, attic or attic, it is recommended to fill the support with concrete - for this purpose a separate concrete pad is installed. The support can be secured to concrete using anchor bolts or turboprops through a metal flange with mounting holes.

The steps on the main support are mounted at a smaller size. The height of the riser should be equal to the height of the sleeve minus the thickness of the washer, which is inserted between the bushings and the tread. The washers must be metal to minimize their wear during operation.

Angle of inclination and elevation

If desired, parts made from other decorative durable materials - glass, stone, plastic, marble, etc. - can be inserted into the elements of wooden spiral staircases. The lifespan of the staircase and the degree of its strength depend on the material from which the main supporting rod is made. Therefore, preference is given to building materials such as asbestos cement, concrete or metal. The steps are attached in different ways: to asbestos cement or concrete - with bolts or anchors, to metal - by welding or threaded connections. Sometimes a brick, wood or stone column is used as the main support.

DIY spiral staircases, metal drawings

When choosing a staircase from one floor to another, you should remember that the staircase should not only be a practical, reliable and durable design, but also have an attractive appearance. A beautiful DIY spiral staircase will be an aesthetic addition to any private home, as well as to some types of apartments. In addition to all its positive qualities, a spiral staircase also saves free space, which allows you to take it up with more necessary things.

You should not rush and purchase all the building materials to create a spiral staircase; first you should familiarize yourself with the advantages and disadvantages of such structures. Unfortunately, there are practically no ideal things, and even knowing how to make a spiral staircase, the owner of a house or apartment must learn all the pros and cons of such structures.

Small sizes. Which is most convenient, for example, if the area of a private house is small. At the same time, by installing the required number of steps and correctly calculating all the dimensions, a do-it-yourself spiral staircase will become much more practical to use than an ordinary marching structure. It also simplifies the calculation.
An attractive design that allows any owner of a private home to awaken the designer in themselves. When creating screw structures, you can choose such an unusual appearance that it will become a real work of art.
Affordable price. Of course, if you do not make the steps from stained wood or mahogany, then the cost of a standard spiral staircase may “pleasantly” surprise the owner of the house. The most expensive element will be the metal frame and its welding; the rest of the calculation (consumables, wood for steps, etc.) has an average cost.

After the construction is completed, it is quite problematic to lift or lower any cargo along the spiral staircase (this could be furniture, household appliances, or other bulky things). Therefore, all large items should be moved to the second floor or lowered from it in advance.
Lack of convenience. It takes some skill to quickly ascend or descend a screw structure. This becomes especially difficult if the number of steps and their sizes are incorrectly calculated.

Otherwise, spiral staircases to the second floor are no less popular than marching structures; it does not take much time to make them yourself.

Video from YouTube:

Drawing of a simple spiral staircase

Of course, you can not waste time on calculations and drawings, and purchase a ready-made structure that only needs to be assembled. But the cost of a finished spiral staircase (a drawing of which will be presented below) will be much higher than its independent production and installation. You also cannot trust the quality of the material from which the structure is made. If the quality of even the wood for the steps is insufficient, there is a high risk of injury to family members, for example, when a step breaks.

The beginning of drawing up a drawing is to allocate free space, the area of which should be at least two square meters. These dimensions are designed for maximum comfort both when lifting a person and when descending. Also important is easy access to the top and bottom of the stairs. This is very correct and practical from the point of view of fire safety, and if a situation arises when a quick evacuation of all people in the house is necessary.

The next structural element of each screw structure is the steps. It is necessary to correctly select not only their number, but also the dimensions indicated in the drawing. On average, for greater convenience, the number of steps varies from 11 to 13 pieces. With more steps, it will be difficult for a person going up or down to take a full step.

Also, when making the calculation, you should pay attention to the degree of slope of the spiral staircase; you should not make it too sharp or blunt, the ideal value is 45 degrees. Then, when going up and down the steps, they will not be too raised up or down.

And lastly, the width of the staircase to the second floor, which according to generally accepted standards is 120 cm. Some home owners try to make the spiral staircase as narrow as possible, but this only leads to unnecessary inconvenience.

Sequence of installation of a wooden spiral staircase

You should know that the installation and calculation of wooden and metal screw structures differ only in other components of the structure, as well as in the method of fastening all its main elements. The main element of such a staircase is the load-bearing support, on which the total number of steps will subsequently be installed. With a metal frame, the steps do not require additional fixation, and when using wooden materials, one side of them is fixed to the wall using anchor bolts.

Video from YouTube:

Installation of load-bearing support

The support post is the main element of the spiral staircase to the second floor, which requires not only correct and accurate installation, but also the use of reliable building materials and precisely measured height. Therefore, when choosing wooden components, it is necessary to pay special attention to wood processing.

As stated above, a wooden spiral staircase will require free space of at least 2 m2. The support post is installed exactly in the middle of this space. To measure the center of the site, it is necessary to connect the corners of the rectangle and install the support at this place.

How to install a load-bearing support:

A wooden stand usually consists of several parts of a certain height, so initially its lower part must be securely fixed to the floor. This is done using anchor bolts. For better fixation, you will need 6-8 anchor bolts. A hammer drill is best for this job, but a less powerful hammer drill can also be used.
Next, the remaining parts are installed on the wooden stand; metal strips are used to secure them. It should be remembered that for better fixation, grooves must be provided in the parts of the support. Then, after finishing the work, the structure will be more monolithic.
After the wooden support is installed, additional fastenings should be installed on the walls, to which the steps will subsequently be fixed. To install the fastening, as well as for the stand, anchor bolts are used.

Installation of steps

Installing steps on a wooden spiral staircase is no less important than installing a central support. After all, the ease of movement up the stairs to the second floor depends on their correct location. In order for the steps to accurately fit the support, pieces of metal angles should be secured to it, which must first be accurately measured using a building level.

Holes are drilled in the pieces of metal corner, with the help of which the steps will then be fixed. It should be remembered that for better fixation of wood, in addition to bolts, you should also purchase wide metal washers. Two holes in the corner will be enough; for greater reliability, you can make three of them.

Now you can purchase ready-made small corners specially designed for this type of fixation. Holes are drilled in them; you just need to fasten such products at the bottom of the steps, and on the other side pull them to the central support.

A more labor-intensive option is to manufacture steps of a special design, in which they are simply placed on the central support. Typically, this form of steps is provided in custom-made spiral staircases; if you do them yourself, it will take too much time. Having installed the steps on one side on a support, on the other side they still need to be secured to the wall.

Railings - safety first

Railings are an integral part of any spiral staircase, especially if it has a spiral design. For a more harmonious look, the railings or handrails should be made of medium height, and from the same material as the rest of the DIY spiral staircase.

Of course, many home craftsmen try to combine carefully crafted metal and high-quality wood species, but this leads to additional costs. Therefore, the same railings should be made on a wooden spiral staircase.

You can attach the railing posts to the steps using self-tapping screws, deepening the caps into the wood, and then opening them with a special wood sealant. An older (but very reliable and proven) method is the method of fastening a wooden structure using wooden nails or, in simple terms, choppers. The chopik is planed from a block, its diameter is no more than 0.8 cm. Then a hole is drilled in the lower part of the railing posts, which is also necessary for the steps. Next, the stand and steps are connected using a chopper, which must be driven in.

You can also attach the railings to the posts using self-tapping screws or medium-diameter wooden nails. After the structure is ready, it can be opened with varnish, having first given the required color with mastic or stain.

How to make a spiral staircase from metal. Pros and cons of the design

A DIY metal spiral staircase has a number of advantages that cannot be compared with wooden structures. For example, this is a longer service life, less time-consuming and costly processing, as well as high reliability of products mounted from metal. But if you skip all the advantages of metal stairs, then there are a number of disadvantages that you should also pay attention to:

High price. Metal for stairs (even not of the first quality) is a fairly expensive type of material. In addition to purchasing it, you should also spend money on transportation and unloading.
The need to use welding. Of course, you don’t have to hire welders or buy a welding machine, but simply use a drill, a set of metal drills and a large number of bolts with nuts, washers and grommets. But this not only disrupts the aesthetics of the entire structure, but also significantly reduces the reliability of the staircase itself.
A metal staircase requires a concrete platform, otherwise the floor of the house may simply not support the weight of the entire structure.

Installation of a spiral staircase made of metal occurs in exactly the same order as a wooden structure. The main difference is the connection of all elements. If self-tapping screws, wooden nails and sometimes bolts are used for wooden stairs, then for metal ones it is best to use a welding machine.

Beautiful spiral staircases to the second floor, photo gallery:

In its classic design, a spiral staircase acts as a pillar around which the steps are located, however, the design can be different. A metal spiral staircase to the second floor is reliability, beauty, and durability. You can make a staircase out of metal without the help of professionals; we will talk about this and much more below.

Convenient DIY metal spiral staircase

Creating structures from metal is much more difficult than from wood - it requires not only experience, but also special equipment and tools. If this is not a problem, and the home craftsman is “familiar” with the welding machine, then the instructions described in the article will help you make a durable and beautiful staircase yourself. Of course, you first need to carry out measurements, calculations and create drawings of the future staircase in order to know the distance between the steps and their number, to understand what shape of treads and type of fasteners are needed.

The creation of staircase structures on rails is in great demand. To do this, you need to prepare a pipe with thick walls, the length of which is equal to the distance between floors.

You will also need a pipe to create the sleeves. Its diameter should be larger, but the length should be the same. You can’t do without steel corners and even larger diameter pipes to create bolts.

To weld a ladder:

The first thing you need to do is take a metal pipe and cut it into equal sections. The segments should be equal to the height of the podium by 1 step.
The resulting sleeves must be tried on the support located in the central part. If they are put on loosely, with cracks and gaps, it is necessary to weld seals made of wire of the required thickness into the inside of the ring sleeves, and then be sure to grind the welding points.
The next step is to make a template from wood slats, screwing them to chipboard or to a plywood sheet.
Then you need to cut the steel corners. The corners must be equal to the internal dimensions of the template. They need to be put inside and welded.
Next, you need to weld the step frame with the sleeve and clean the seams.
The next step is to string all the sleeves onto the support and install it in place.
The bolts must be cut in advance and welded to the steps, having previously welded the sleeves together, placing them in the required position.

When the welding and installation work is completed, the frame should be primed and painted, and the steps should be lined with wood material. You can immediately weld finished metal steps to the sleeves. They should be profiled, which will prevent slipping, and with stiffening ribs, which will add strength. Spiral iron staircases on a metal frame look impressive and reliable.

DIY metal spiral staircase: drawings and tips

You can take ready-made drawings, or if you have the skills, you can draw them yourself. Today, by the way, special programs have been developed that can also be used. Despite the fact that spiral staircase structures are the most optimal for installation in a small space, it is still necessary to try to ensure that their performance data meets the requirements.

Namely:

Reliability;
Aesthetics;
Comfort.

This means that the width of the flight of stairs must be suitable not only for ascent and descent, but also for the passage of furniture and bulky items. A spiral staircase structure with a diameter of 100 cm or less is not suitable for these conditions, since the width of the flight in this case will be less than 50 cm. Therefore, it can only be mounted as an auxiliary element and rarely used - for climbing to the attic or descending to the basement room.

You should also choose the right angle of inclination. If it is more than 45 degrees, it will be dangerous to use such a ladder, and you will have to go down from it backwards and the risk of injury will increase. It is imperative to consider the design of the railing, even if the wide end of the steps is built into the wall, since otherwise it will be difficult for children and older people to get down/ascend. Partitions made of plasterboard and other fragile building materials should not be used as a support. And the steps need to be lined with non-slippery building materials, or corrugated pads should be nailed to them.

There is a wide variety of outdoor stairs, varying in price, shape and type of material. We'll tell you about them and help you choose in the review: .

Spiral staircases: forged

If the stairs for a house or two-story apartment are forged, it always looks attractive and original. The first forged screw design appeared in the Middle Ages. Then it was just a beautiful replacement for the usual staircase structure. Time does not stand still, but they are still relevant. Castles have given way to private houses, and staircases do not lose their relevance.

Thanks to artistic forging, staircase structures fit into any interior, making it:

Graceful;
Original;
Balanced.

Forging will turn even the most ordinary house into a kind of castle, and will make its owners feel a little like kings. Because the quality and aesthetics of such a staircase design will be 100% royal. Forged structures are not only very luxurious, but also durable and resistant to mechanical damage. But you still need to take care of the wrought iron staircase. Forged stairs are an ideal decoration for your home.

Types of metal spiral staircases (video)

In any home, a spiral structure with artistic forging will become the central object. Not a single guest will pass by such splendor! Even if a budget option is chosen, since the cost of forging is very high. This type of staircase does not require additional fastening to the walls, so it can be mounted anywhere. This is another advantage of forged structures for the home.