It is impossible to imagine the home of a modern person without the usual benefits of civilization. Water in the bathroom, water in the kitchen - for cooking and washing dishes, water for cleaning and washing, for watering the lawn - we are used to getting all this by opening the tap.
And if apartments have this opportunity, thanks to a centralized water supply system, then residents of private cottages need to buy a pumping station, install and connect it - that is, create their own water supply system themselves.
Naturally, the owners of private houses have a logical question: how to properly install a pumping station? We will answer it and figure out how to connect the pumping station, even if you have no experience in such matters.
Where to place it?
Methods of water supply can be either permanent (when the installation is used to perform a certain job for a long time, for example, it provides water to a residential building), or installed temporarily - devices used in dachas, for irrigation, for draining a swimming pool (for example) .
Initially, you should decide where it is better to install the pumping station:
- In a specially equipped room (ideally) - this is important if the device will operate all year round. The room must maintain a positive temperature.
- In a caisson (protected well).
- In a well (of course, if it is a well pump).
- On the surface, above the water source (well, pool, tank) - if the pump is surface, and inside the source - if it is submersible.
The nuances of choosing a location for a pumping station:
- Pumping equipment is installed and secured on a solid, reliable foundation— it must be level, stable, non-slippery, able to withstand the weight of the station (if it is a suspended support and the station is heavy), and must be located away from aggressive chemical compounds and fire-explosive materials.
- The room in which the device will be located must allow easy access to the station- for control, maintenance and repair - if necessary. As mentioned above, the room must maintain a positive temperature.
- The room where the station is installed must be soundproofed— the operation of these devices is accompanied by noise and vibration. Of course, there are also less noisy models, but if you have chosen a powerful device and plan to place it in a residential building, it is better to pay attention to this point.
- Low indoor humidity levels are another requirement.
Connection nuances
Connection options for the pumping station depend on the water supply system. The methods for installing a pumping station are as follows:
- Single-pipe - the usual and most common method.
- Double-pipe - used to increase the depth from which it is necessary to raise water.
The model of the pumping station directly depends on the depth of the water. If the water supply source lies at a depth of no more than 10 m, then it is best to use a single-pipe connection method.
And if it is more than 10 meters, then a two-pipe option, and two-pipe type pumping equipment must be installed with an ejector.
Before starting work, it is advisable to draw a plan of what the installation diagram of the pumping station will look like - to make it easier for you to understand the connection sequence. In fact, there is nothing complicated about it, and all the work does not require any specific skills.
The pumping station installation diagram reflects all the constituent elements of the base pumping station down to the smallest detail:
- Storage tank;
- Pump;
- Pressure switch;
- Check valve;
- Filter.
Correct installation ensures stable operation of the pump and the entire system as a whole. You should remember the following nuances:
- Installation of a pumping station in a caisson has its own characteristics. It must be installed much lower than the freezing level of the ground cover - from 1.2 to 1.6 meters (depending on the region).
- The structure where the water supply station is installed must be heated.
- When connecting the pumping station with your own hands, remember that each connection must be as tight as possible. This applies to connecting hoses to the pump - this requires either the use of seals or the use of clamps.
- The use of reliable filters is strongly recommended - this part will protect the devices from the entry of solid particles. It goes without saying that sand and any small debris (silt, crumbling stones from the walls, etc.) will not benefit the pump - over time, this can cause a problem. So a filter must be present, and it should be cleaned periodically and, if necessary, changed.
Step-by-step installation instructions
The connection diagram for water supply pumping stations has been drawn up, the equipment has been purchased, now it’s time to become familiar with exactly how to install a pumping station with your own hands.
First, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with what the electrical diagram for connecting the pumping station looks like. The electrical connection is made via a cable through a circuit breaker - everything is simple and clear: one cable running from the pump to the outlet.
The design of pumping stations is conventionally divided into two groups: these are surface ones - pumping water through a hose lowered into the water, and standing on the surface; and submersible - when the pump itself is lowered into the water.
Installing a pumping station with your own hands looks like this (meaning a surface-type device):
- A system plan is drawn up: the place where the installation will be located is selected, how the lines will approach it and where they will got leave.
- The station is installed at the selected location.
- A hose is connected to the suction pipe, the other end of which is lowered into the water to a depth of at least 20 cm.
- The station is filled with water through the discharge pipe.
- A hose is put on the discharge pipe through which water will flow into the system (it doesn’t matter where exactly - for irrigation or into the house).
- The device connects to the network.
- The device starts working.
As you can see, installing a pumping station in a country house or cottage is not too difficult.
Before installing a pumping station in a well, it is necessary to install a check valve on the supply pipe. It ensures a continuous supply of water to the house and prevents it from backflowing from the system.
The submersible device is installed in essentially the same way, only starting from point 5. The pump itself is lowered into the well using a tied rope. In this case, it is recommended to tie the cable, hose and power cable in several places with electrical tape.
It is also possible to connect the pumping station to the water supply - in case you want to power another line from it (for example, for irrigation). In fact, everything is done according to the scheme described above, with the only difference that the hose will not be lowered into the well, but will be connected to the water supply.
The same is true when you need to connect the pumping station to the tank - the hose is lowered (or connected) into the desired container, and the further steps look exactly the same.
Installing a pumping station in a well has its own nuances. This task is already many times more difficult, and it will not be so easy for an inexperienced person to cope with it without the help of specialists.
By the way, connecting a hydraulic accumulator to a pumping station is a responsible task. After all, it is this container that will provide your home with water if the power supply suddenly goes out, or if the pump breaks down.
During installation, a submersible pump is attached to a cable in the thickness of the water column, closer to the bottom. A protective mesh (the same filter) is installed, which prevents the entry of solid particles.
Connecting the pumping station to the well is carried out as follows:
- A reliable cable is attached to the pump - it will be used to both immerse and lift the pump from the well. If it breaks, the device will have to be pulled either by the power cable or by the hose through which water flows. It is not a fact that they will withstand - the weight of the devices is considerable, so there is a high risk of getting into a difficult situation when the pump remains lying at the bottom of the well, at a depth of several tens of meters.
- A hose is connected to the pump through which water will flow. The hose, cable and power cable are tied with electrical tape in increments of 50-100 cm.
- The device is immersed in the well.
- The well is pumped until clean water comes out of it. At first (from several to several tens of hours) muddy and dirty water will come out of it, naturally unsuitable for drinking or for domestic needs.
We figured out how to properly connect the pumping station. Now let’s pay attention to the financial side of the issue and give a couple of figures - if you want the installation of the pumping station to be carried out by specialists.
The price of installing a pumping station depends on the amount of work and complexity of equipment installation. The price of installing a pumping station with a connection to the water supply system of a residential building varies from 2,500 to 3,000 rubles.
The cost of installing a pumping station in a well will already be more expensive - here you can hardly expect it to be cheaper than 5,000-8,000 rubles.
Pump installation (video)
After acquiring a plot for the construction of a country house, the most important task is to provide it with clean water in the absence of a central water supply. The most rational solution to this problem is to drill and install a water well.
Fig.1 Pumping stations
Depending on the depth of the aquifer, different types of wells are drilled, and a wide range of pumping equipment is used to lift water from them. Of all the water supply options, the most budget-friendly is drilling an Abyssinian well in a shallow aquifer and using a standard pumping station to pump out water. Further construction of housing at the site of water intake and installation of a pumping station in a private house with a separate room for placing water intake equipment significantly reduces the cost of providing water supply. This also facilitates the operation and connection of the pumping station to the water supply system, ensures its protection from adverse climatic conditions and safety.
Fig.2 Elements of a pumping station
Pumping stations are units with the layout of the main components of the water supply system in a single module. This allows you not only to compactly place the equipment, but also to save significant money by installing the pumping station yourself - this does not even require drawings. In addition, the stations are budget devices - many high-quality models can be purchased for only 100 USD. That is, which is incommensurate with the cost of installing a water supply system with a pump immersed in a well or borehole. The surface pumping station consists of several units, the purpose of which and the principle of operation are given below.
Electric pump
Rice. 3 Centrifugal surface pumps The pump is the main element of the station, determining its operational characteristics, overall dimensions, and cost. In household stations, centrifugal types with the following parameters have been used.
Immersion depth. Before installing a pumping station in a private house, you need to make sure that it matches the well in terms of immersion depth by connecting the equipment without installation. According to physical laws, a water column cannot be raised to a height of more than 10 meters - under the influence of gravity, it breaks and falls down. Taking into account losses, all surface centrifugal devices have a liquid suction depth of no more than 8 - 9 m.
It has been established that the location of the pump in the house directly above the well hole, in contrast to the caisson placement in a pit far from the house, significantly reduces hydraulic losses in the water supply system by reducing the length of the pipeline - this increases the efficiency of the entire system.
Efficiency Centrifugal surface pumps have a fairly high efficiency of about 60 - 92%, depending on the size of the unit; for small household appliances it is 60 - 75%. Competitors of surface centrifugal pumps could be vortex types, but their overall dimensions are almost twice as large with the same parameters and a lower efficiency value.
Pressure This indicator is measured in meters; for standard centrifugal pumps in stations its value is about 40 meters. This value in centrifugal types can be increased several times by installing additional stages in the circuit that increase the pressure in the system.
Fig.4 Design of a centrifugal electric pump Water quality. Centrifugal devices are designed to work with clean water, but they are not as critical to this indicator as vortex types, which can fail if contaminated liquid enters the working chamber. Some models of centrifugal electric pumps are designed to work with slightly contaminated water - this allows them to be used for drawing water from a well or sand well.
Performance. Centrifugal electric pumps in stations have an average pumped water volume of about 3 cubic meters per hour; if we connect more consumers to the water supply, we can easily select a model with higher values.
Hydraulic accumulator
Rice. 5 Hydraulic accumulator device Diagrams for connecting electric water pumps must include a hydraulic accumulator - the most voluminous part of the station, which performs the following functions in water supply:
- Protects water supply units and their connections from water hammer, leading to equipment failure.
- Maintains constant pressure, which prevents the equipment from triggering when it changes briefly.
- Creates a supply of water in the system - this increases the time intervals for turning on and off the electric pump and, accordingly, its service life.
Hydraulic accumulators with a volume of 10 to 30 liters are installed in standard stations; they provide the ability to set internal pressure by pumping or pumping air through a nipple hole in the tank wall.
Pressure switch
Rice. 6 Design of a standard pressure switch Connecting a pressure switch to the well station, which turns on the pump when there is no water in the line and turns it off when the line and hydraulic tank are completely filled, automates the operation of the water supply equipment. Placing a pressure switch in a pumping station implies its factory setting to lower and upper response thresholds, consistent with the parameters of the electric pump.
Pressure gauge
Rice. 7 Appearance of pressure gauges To control the pressure in the system and adjust the equipment, you cannot do without measuring the pressure in the system, which is produced by a pressure gauge. With its help, you can not only monitor the work process, but also detect system problems in the form of various leaks, contamination of filters and water pipes, clogging of the inlet holes on the filter of the suction pipe or the working chamber of the electric pump with sand and silt.
Plumbing units
Rice. 8 Five-pin water fitting and connecting hose All station components are rigidly mounted on a metal frame; they are connected using a five-pin fitting, usually installed on the pump body; the hydraulic accumulator is connected by connecting a flexible hose in a metal braid to the pump.
Installation of a pumping station in the house
Rice. 9 Connection diagram of the pumping station to the water supply system When installing and connecting the station in the house, it is necessary to solve problems to ensure the necessary parameters, which are:
Suction depth
Although the passport data for pumping stations indicates a suction depth of 8 or 9 meters, in practice the manufacturer can mislead the consumer by slightly increasing this parameter by a couple of meters, or this distance will be insufficient to raise water to the surface.
The only acceptable way out of the situation may be to lower the entire station to a certain depth to reduce the distance to the water surface. To do this, you will have to dig a caisson hole 1-2 meters deep in the ground and install water intake equipment in it.
The second method for lifting water from great depths is connecting a water pump to ejector devices, which is too expensive due to its low efficiency; the efficiency of such devices does not exceed 40%.
Rice. 10 Water supply to a private house with a pumping station Noise insulation
The pumping station makes quite a loud noise during operation, so placing it under the floor of the room with a closing soundproof hatch is a good option even with a high water level in the well. If the room is located openly, the walls will have to be insulated with sound-absorbing materials.
Temperature
If you have installed and connected a pumping station, then the room will have to be heated in winter; lowering it underground to prevent freezing does not make much sense - the outgoing water pipes will have to be insulated or heated in any case. Since in winter the house must still be heated when there are people living or not in it, the issue of freezing water in the pipes and pump mechanism is solved naturally. To avoid corrosion of pumping equipment components, the room must be dry and well ventilated.
Rice. 11 Pumping station in a coffered pit Accommodation
It is most rational to install and connect the station as close as possible to the well on a waterproof surface, while it is necessary to provide convenient access to monitor the operation of the equipment. When lowering the station below floor level, the room should not be cramped, as in some coffered chambers made of small-diameter concrete rings, the pumping equipment of which can only be serviced by a dwarf. Places for placement can be either individual rooms or basement broiler or boiler rooms, garages, workshops, basements of private houses.
Connecting the pumping station to the water supply system of the house
Rice. 12 Installation of a pumping station Surface stations are designed to draw water from shallow wells and boreholes; when placed in a house, water is most often taken from an Abyssinian or sandy well. Before connecting the pumping station to a well or borehole with cloudy water, measures should be taken to clean it. It is necessary to install sand filters at the inlet of the suction pipe and in the water line, and then soft filters in the water line. To start working with a centrifugal pump, you need to fill it with water (there is a special hole for this), so it is imperative to use a check valve when lowering the pump suction pipe into a well or borehole. This will leave water in the water supply when the equipment is turned off during automatic operation.
Models of pumping stations
Due to their low cost, pumping stations are one of the most popular types of equipment for individual water supply in the CIS, working with budget Abyssinian and more expensive sand wells. Their suppliers to the market are all Russian and Chinese manufacturers of pumping equipment, Italian, German and Danish companies.
Gilex Jumbo 50/28 Ch-18 (110 USD) is a surface centrifugal pumping station with horizontal installation from a well-known Russian manufacturer.
Rice. 13 Gilex Jumbo Peculiarities
- suction depth: 9 m;
- head: 28 m;
- productivity: 3 cubic meters/hour;
- power: 500 W;
- particle size: 0.8 mm;
- temperature: from 1 C to 50 C.;
- hydraulic accumulator: 18 l.;
- outlet: 1 inch;
- power cable: 1.5 m;
- weight: 15.1 kg.
Gardena 3000/4 eco Classic (140 USD) is a high-quality station from a well-known German brand with excellent design and workmanship.
Rice. 14 Gardena Peculiarities
- suction depth: 8 m;
- head: 40 m.
- capacity: 2.8 cubic meters m/h;
- power: 650 W;
- water: clean;
- temperature: up to 35 C.;
- hydraulic accumulator: 24 l.;
- power cable: 1.5 m;
- weight: 13.6 kg.
Pumping stations are the most cost-effective option for organizing water supply to a country house; they are easy to use and easy to install. When purchasing, it is more practical to choose models with the largest volume of hydraulic accumulator - this will shorten the cycles of turning the pump on and off and, accordingly, the service life of the equipment.
In terms of living conditions, private houses have always been somewhat inferior to apartments in multi-storey buildings. This mainly concerned communications, which were not present in all buildings. The problem with water supply was especially acute. Modern man fights this with the help of a pumping station.
These units are sold assembled or assembled independently. Any owner can install a pumping station; you just need to understand what kind of unit it is, how it works and where it is installed.
What you need to know to choose a pumping station
You need to choose a station based on your needs. There are two important selection factors:
- technical characteristics of the pumping station,
- distinctive features of the well.
Technical characteristics include the performance of the unit. It must provide such a pressure of water that can cover its consumption both in the house and in the surrounding areas.
Practice shows that if you need to install a pumping station in a country house or in a residential building where 4 people are constantly present, it is rational to opt for devices of medium or low power. Such stations are equipped with a 20-liter hydraulic accumulator. The productivity of the station is 2-4 m 3 per hour, the pressure is 45-55 meters. This is enough to cover the needs of a family of four.
When evaluating a well, it is necessary to take into account the following indicators:
- productivity;
- size;
- water level when the pump is turned off;
- water level when the pump is running;
- type of filter;
- pipe width.
How the pumping station works
The general design of the station includes either a storage tank or a hydraulic accumulator. A unit with a storage tank is an outdated option and has many disadvantages. Firstly, the tank itself is a rather voluminous structure. Secondly, the water level and its pressure are controlled using a float, which is responsible for triggering the sensor when the water level decreases, the sensor starts pumping. Flaws:
- water leaves the system by gravity, therefore the output pressure is low;
- the entire installation is large and not always convenient for placement;
- installation of the system is complex;
- the storage tank must be installed above the station itself, which creates additional problems;
- If the water level sensor breaks down, it overflows over the edge of the tank.
Designs with a hydraulic accumulator are more reliable and practical. This installation is relatively small in size and easy to install. The system is supplemented by a relay that controls the ambient air pressure limit. It compresses it in the hydraulic accumulator under the pressure of water. When the pressure level reaches the required limit, the pump automatically turns off and water from the tank is supplied to the tap. As soon as the level drops, the pump starts working again until the required level is reached.
Not only the design of the station differs, but also the pump itself. This is the device:
- with built-in ejector;
- with remote ejector;
- without ejector.
The principle of operation of the ejector is that water is supplied from the well due to the vacuum created. These modifications are somewhat more expensive, but they raise water not from 9 m, like classic stations, but even from 20 or 45 m. Ejector pumps are very productive, there is only one drawback - they create a lot of noise during operation. This drawback can be mitigated by installing a pump with an ejector outside the living quarters.
Pumps with a remote ejector are convenient because the pump itself is lowered into the water intake location. Water is supplied to the ejector through a pipe in which a suction jet is created. In terms of characteristics and further operation, this design is inferior to pumps with a built-in ejector. If there is air or sand at the water intake point, this leads to rapid breakdown of the pump. The advantage of a station of this design is that it is easy to place in a house, even at a distance of 20-40 m from the home.
Pumps without ejectors supply water a little differently. Such a device has a complex multi-stage design, which relates to the hydraulic part. The ejectorless station operates silently and consumes less electricity.
These three types of pumps are the main ones; they are most often used in residential buildings. However, there are many other types of pumps on the basis of which the pumping station is installed.
Pumping station installation location
The pump is installed in the house or in a caisson. A caisson is an equipped depression in the ground. The caisson for the pump is protected from moisture, groundwater and low temperatures. It is installed under the soil freezing line. This option has a couple of significant disadvantages. Firstly, this is the need to equip this room for a pump. Secondly, it is quite difficult to insulate it in harsh climates, and under the influence of low temperatures the pump fails.
Installing a pumping station in the house is the most practical option. The optimal location is the basement. Only one factor needs to be taken into account - the likelihood of basement flooding with groundwater. If it fills with water during spring floods, the station must be placed on an elevation where it will be inaccessible to moisture. During installation, the station should not touch the walls to avoid unnecessary vibrations from its operation. The basement also monitors the room temperature at all times of the year to protect the station from frost.
When choosing an installation location, consider the following factors:
- distance from the water intake point to the station;
- humidity and temperature at the place of its installation;
- availability of free space for the convenience of performing repair and maintenance work;
- isolation of station operation noise from residential premises.
Algorithm for installing a pumping station
Do-it-yourself pumping station installation consists of the following steps:
- Digging trenches for pipes, it must have a slope relative to the place of water intake.
- Equipment for a passage for a pipe in the wall of a house.
- Laying pipes in a trench.
- Connecting pipes to the pump.
Helpful advice: you should pay attention to the groundwater; if it is high, then the pipeline is laid above the critical level. Pipes are insulated from low temperatures.
The pump is installed on a special base. The legs are screwed to the base using anchors, this will give the entire system a stable position. Also, to dampen vibration, a rubber mat is placed under the pump.
How to install a pumping station with a remote ejector:
- Mount the ejector. It looks like a cast iron assembly with connection outlets, there are three such outlets.
- A coarse filter in the form of a mesh is attached to the lower section of this unit.
- The required length is selected and attached to the plastic socket at the top of the unit.
- The drive has two parts, each of which contains adapters. It must be assembled to the required diameter.
- A bronze coupling is put on the outlet of the squeegee; it makes the transition to the polyethylene pipe.
- To ensure the tightness of all connections, use flax or sealing tape.
- Next is laying pipes and digging trenches; they are dug below the freezing level of the soil.
- Pipes are laid in ready-made trenches, they are taken with a reserve. For the casing pipe, use a head or elbow with a smooth angle.
- The pipe and the ejector are connected via a coupling.
- The lower end of the tube is inserted into the knee at a right angle and then lowered. All free space is sealed with polyurethane foam. The pipe is attached to the 90° adapter and to the pipeline.
- The assembled ejector is lowered to the required depth at the water intake site. This value is marked at the beginning of all work; the mark is indicated at the level of the casing pipe.
- The head is strengthened on the casing pipe; for this purpose, reinforced plumbing tape is used.
Mistakes to avoid when installing a pumping station:
- When installing pipes, it is necessary to take all values with a reserve. Often during installation, all bends, turns, and the thickness of the foundation are not taken into account if the station is installed in a house.
- Tighten all parts only with a wrench; hand-tightened and insulated connections may leak.
- The hydraulic accumulator cannot be left without attention. If the pressure is below 1.2-1.5 atmospheres, it is increased using a compressor or car pump.
How to connect the station to the water supply
The need to connect a pump to a central water supply system may arise for various reasons. Often this is an imperfection of the plumbing system and low pressure in it. The installation diagram of the pumping station to the water supply looks like this:
- At the selected location, the water supply pipes are disconnected and connected to the storage tank.
- From this container, water is supplied to the pumping station.
- A pipe is led from the pump to the water supply point.
- Electrical wiring is being installed.
- The pump is adjusted and adjusted.
- Setting up equipment is about adjusting the optimal pressure in the system.
About 2 liters of water are poured into the snail and monitored at what amount the pump turns off and on. The optimal indicator for turning off is 2.5-3 bar, turning on is 1.5-1.8 bar. To adjust the pressure, use a screw marked “DR” or “P”.
A video on this topic explains in detail and clearly how to install a pumping station. Also, each manufacturer supplies its pumps with diagrams and detailed instructions. The general installation algorithm is suitable for all units, but there may be some nuances and deviations that need to be clarified before connecting.
To install or not to install a filter for a pumping station
An important factor that should be taken into account when connecting a station is the chemical composition of water and its physical qualities. Harmful impurities are contained in water from any source; they cannot be allowed into the pumping station. To eliminate this problem, the device is equipped with a filter.
The filter prevents the accumulation of mechanical impurities in the accumulator and increases the service life of the pump. This is an undeniable advantage of filters.
There are also negative aspects to installing a filter. Firstly, it creates additional resistance to the flow of water, reduces pressure and pressure. Secondly, a dirty filter can completely block the access of water to the station and disable it. To avoid these troubles, the cleanliness of the filter must be monitored very carefully. In general, installing a filter is simply a necessary undertaking.
Common malfunctions in the operation of the station and their elimination
- The pump rotates, but no water enters the system. The cause of this malfunction is depressurization of pipelines; this situation also occurs due to incorrect operation of the check valve or lack of water in the system. To eliminate this problem, you need to check the presence of water in the system. If there is no water, it must be added through a special hole at the station or the depth to which the pump hose is lowered must be changed. If the problem persists after this, the valve and all connections must be checked for leaks. If this does not help, then you need to check the serviceability of the pump itself.
- The pump turns on very often and operates unevenly and jerkily. Most often, the cause of such a malfunction is damage to one of the parts of the hydraulic tank. There is a nipple on the back of the tank; if water flows after pressing it, then one of the pump membranes is torn and needs to be replaced. The cause of the malfunction may also be depressurization of the housing. If the described malfunctions are not found, then pumping air into the tank using a conventional pump can help solve the problem.
- The pump does not start. This often happens due to a lack of power. To eliminate the cause, you need to check the winding and contacts on the pressure switch.
- The pump turns on but does not rotate. The reason is a breakdown of the condenser, the impeller is stuck to the pump body. Often this situation occurs after a long break in the operation of the pump. To fix it, you need to turn the impeller several times by hand, but if this does not help, then the capacitor is broken and needs to be replaced.
- The pump operates continuously and does not pause in operation. The cause of this breakdown is a malfunction of the control relay. It must be adjusted using two springs located on the relay itself. The larger one regulates the minimum pressure, the smaller one regulates the difference between the lower and upper values. The cause may also be blockages at the relay inlet. All work with this pump part must be carried out very carefully.
Before starting the pumping station, make sure that everything is connected correctly
Living in a private country house has its pros and cons. One of the disadvantages is the lack of connection to the central water supply in some settlements. And then pumping stations come to the rescue to provide water to a private home. A pumping station, or hydrophore, solves the problem of not only water supply to the house, but also watering the area.
A pumping station is a set of systems for transferring liquid from one place to another. Pumping stations are used not only for water supply, but also for sewerage in a country house or country house.
Such systems of pumping stations (crazy) consist of:
- Pump;
- Hydraulic accumulator and connections to it;
- Control pressure switch.
If you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to turn to professionals to install a pumping station With the help of a pump, water is taken from the source and transferred to the hydraulic accumulator. The hydraulic accumulator stores water under pressure for subsequent supply for consumption. As soon as the pressure in the accumulator drops to the set level, the pressure regulating relay turns on the pump for a new water intake. This process is cyclical.
In addition, the turret can be used to create or maintain the required pressure in the water supply system.
In sewer systems, pumping stations lift wastewater to higher ground. This is necessary if the pipeline is located on an uneven surface or if the room is located below ground level, where gravity flow of liquids is not possible.
Pumping station connection options
When choosing a pumping station, the important question is the parameters of its operation - the power of the electric motor, the maximum storage volume of the hydraulic accumulator, productivity, and the height of water rise. To connect the water supply in a private house, townhouse or country house, you first need to decide on the method of pumping water.
Namely:
- Using a pump connected to a well or well, directly to the consumer.
- Using a pump and storage tank.
- Using a pump and hydraulic accumulator.
Some stores provide installation services for pumping stations Water consumption should also be taken into account. At a dacha or in a private house, water is used not only for domestic needs in the kitchen and bathroom, but also for watering the garden plot. The water source may contain various impurities: sand, silt, leaves, etc. To avoid debris getting into the pump and further failure, it is necessary to install an additional filter at the water intake point.
The nuances of installing a pumping station in a private house
There are several classifications of pumping stations based on the mechanism of water intake. There is a pumping station with a remote ejector. The ejector is placed in a well, which allows the station to be placed in a house due to the absence of a high noise level.
The station is capable of lifting liquid from 50 m; such systems are sensitive to various water contaminants (sand, dirt, etc.).
There is a pumping station with a built-in ejector: capable of pumping water from 8 m depth, low sensitivity to water contamination by debris, but the operation of this installation is accompanied by a high noise level.
Based on the type of pumping station, installation is possible in 3 places:
- Basement: free access for maintenance and repair, it is possible to make high-quality sound insulation.
- Separate building, which is located above the wellhead or next to a well, but the construction of such a building entails additional costs, since this building must also be heated.
- Caisson– a structure with the bottom located below the frozen level.
According to the supply method, water goes through a storage tank with a volume of up to 100 liters, which is installed in the attic of the house and serves for storage. From it it is distributed by gravity through the pipes of the house, but the water pressure is weak. The float valve controls the liquid level. This type is economical, because the pump is turned on only to fill the tank. Using a hydraulic accumulator or membrane tank that regulates pressure, you can place the system in the basement of a building, the water supply is approximately 20-30 liters. Depending on the source of water, there are surface pumps.
It is better to install the pumping station in a dry place A pump capable of raising water from 9 m is located on the surface in a warm room; the intake occurs using a pipe or hose attached to it and immersed in the source. The pump must be protected from moisture. There are submersible pumps - they have a waterproof housing, they are placed entirely in water in a source more than 10 m deep. Submersible pumps can be borehole and well. Pumps for wells are centrifugal and have high performance, but their downside is that they are extremely sensitive to various water contaminants. A well pump is easy to install, unpretentious to water quality, but has low power.
Types of pipes for a pumping station
Having decided on the type of pumping station, it becomes necessary to select the right pipes suitable for it. Rubber hoses are most often used because they are easy to install, operate and maintain (easy to remove from a well or well). In addition, the cost of a rubber hose is not very high compared to other pipes.
When choosing a hose, we are guided by two criteria:
- Allowable pressure;
- Material.
The device for the pumping station is usually called a high-pressure hose. As a rule, such hoses are equipped with a reinforcing braid made of nylon thread and are thicker than a conventional water hose for irrigation.
Both metal and plastic pipes are used for the pumping station Since water can be used for drinking and cooking, the material for it must be food grade. The diameter of the hose must be selected to match the size of the station pipe.
In addition to hoses, plastic or metal-plastic pipes are also used. When using a surface pump, a plastic water pipe is installed in the well. For a submersible pump, it is more reasonable to install metal-plastic on the fittings, with the help of which the pipe will consist of 1-2 m segments. Thanks to this design, the pump can be removed from the source by dismantling the segments one by one.
Rules for connecting a pumping station to a well
There is such a type of pipes as low-pressure polyethylene pipes, which have a high density. There are non-pressure ones for use in sewers and pressure ones for connecting to a water supply system. This type of pipe combines the easy installation of rubber hoses and the quality of plastic pipes.
The use of plastic pipes has a number of advantages over rubber hoses:
- React less to temperature changes;
- Better withstand pressure;
- More durable;
- Safer for drinking water.
These pipes can withstand pressures of up to 16 atm, which is sufficient for a pumping station used in a private home. The service life of pipes, when used correctly, is about 50 years. To connect a pumping station in a private house, you need to decide on its location.
The station must be located close to a well or borehole, or other source of water and subject to the recommendations of the technical characteristics of the equipment.
The room in which the installation will be located must be warm during the cold season and have ventilation to eliminate possible condensation. Since the system makes noise during operation, there is no need to place it near rest areas, and to suppress vibration, the system is placed on a rubber mat or a special shock-absorbing floor covering. For proper and uninterrupted operation of the pumps, it is necessary to maintain the tightness of the pipeline. It is possible to connect a water heater to the pumping station. To do this, you need to lay an additional pipe to the water heater.
Stages of connecting a pumping station to a well with your own hands
The well piping occurs after the pipeline is installed. The head must be installed on the well casing. Afterwards, using a long object, you need to find out the depth to which the water intake pipe will go down.
The inlet pipe of the station should be at a level of 1 m from the bottom of the well to prevent the suction of sand, stones or silt.
Next, the polyethylene pipe is fixed to the ejector unit. The length of this pipe is the sum of the depth of the well and the distance from its mouth to the pump. An elbow is installed at the well head with a rotation of 90ᵒ.
Initially, the ejector is assembled - a separate unit made of cast iron with 3 outlets for connecting pipes:
- A filter is mounted on the bottom of the ejector, protecting it from debris and dirt.
- A plastic socket is mounted on top, to which a 3.2 cm cross section is attached.
- At the end it is necessary to connect a coupling (usually bronze), which provides a transition to plastic pipes.
All necessary components for the pumping station can be purchased separately The pipes going to the ejector must be pushed through the elbow. Then lower the ejector to the required depth. Afterwards the head is fixed on the casing pipe. The installation diagram of the system is simple, so you can install it in a country house or private house with your own hands. Connecting the elements must be airtight, since excess air intake can lead to a malfunction of the system and a drop in pressure in it. Next comes the insertion of pipes into the installation site of the system.
How to connect a pumping station to a well
To prevent the well from freezing, pipes must be laid below the soil freezing level. Each region of the country has its own level, which you can find out yourself in special tables. As a rule, sewer pipes are first laid in the trench, and water pipes are laid inside it.
The sewer pipe serves as a protective layer.
All pipes must be insulated. In areas with severe winters, it is permissible to install a heating cable. When laying pipes, the slope is made towards a well or borehole. You can also make a pit to facilitate station maintenance.
Before connecting the pumping station, all parts should be inspected for damage. You can connect the station to the well in 2 ways:
- Fastening to the top edge of the well using a removable fastener.
- Using a wall bracket to the wall of the well.
Installing a pumping system in a well requires insulating the above-ground part. A sewage pumping station is capable of temporarily storing and moving wastewater using outdoor sewer pipes. The station itself is installed on a reinforced concrete foundation with a height of 30 cm and is fixed with collet anchors. For anchors, it is necessary to make holes in the concrete in accordance with the grooves on the station. If there is a large amount of groundwater, then you can fill it with concrete.
Connecting a pumping station to a well (video)
Pumping stations are used everywhere and on a large scale, for example, in the oil and gas industry they use booster variation or in a fire extinguishing system, etc.
Many owners of country houses have a question about how to provide the house and the area around it with water.
Of course, if the family is small and the dacha is used exclusively in the summer, then a regular pump will be enough.
But if the family is large and the country house remains residential throughout the year, then you need to design an entire water supply system. To do this, you can use a pumping station, which will supply water to your house and area quickly and without problems. How to install it yourself and connect it to a well or a well in this article.
Types of equipment
Such pumping units are used in cases where the water supply comes from a well or borehole.
Divided into two types:
- automatic;
- self-priming.
Automatic pumping stations, in turn, are divided into three types:
- Vortex. Such pumps are installed only indoors, as they are very sensitive to changes in atmospheric pressure. The vortices that create pressure in the pump are created using a paddle wheel. The disadvantage of a vortex station is that a certain pressure is already required to start it.
- Centrifugal. This type of system is used for wells, as it is able to withstand temperature changes that occur in the hose. Thanks to its structure, the centrifugal station creates pressure that can lift water from very great depths.
- Sewer. Such installations are very large in size and consist of pumps, sensors, filters and pipelines.
Good to know: Centrifugal and sewage pumping stations are submersible. They are used when water is deep underground.
How to properly mount to a well or borehole
The first thing you need to do is determine where the pumping station will be located.
This can be a room inside the house (for example, a basement) or a coffer (this is a waterproof chamber that is located outside the house).
In order to connect the system to a well or borehole you must:
- The station legs must be attached to the surface. This is done using a special fastener - an anchor.
- Lower the hose into the well (well). You need to be careful not to lower the hose to the very bottom, so that when pumping out water, various debris and dirt do not get into it. It is enough to raise it one meter from the bottom of the well.
- One end of a polyethylene pipe is required, which is placed in a well or well. But, before lowering it, it is necessary to attach a coupling (connecting element) to the pipe. To ensure that the pipe is constantly filled with water, you need to install a check valve and then a filter.
- The second end of the pipe, through pre-laid trenches, is led directly to the house’s water supply.
Note: To avoid installation errors, before laying pipes in trenches, it is advisable to calculate the length of the pipe in advance. To do this, you need to take into account the number of bends and the thickness of the foundation.
Water connection
As a rule, the pumping station is connected to the water supply if there is not enough pressure for the heating equipment.
In order to connect the system to the water supply you need:
- The water pipe must be disconnected at a certain point.
- The end of the pipe that comes from the central line is connected to the storage tank.
- The pipe from the tank is connected to the pump inlet, and the pipe that is connected to its outlet goes to the pipe that leads to the house.
- Laying electrical wiring.
- Equipment adjustment.
Check valve
The check valve is considered the most important element in the water supply system. Its main purpose is to prevent leakage.
In order for the system to work continuously, it must always be filled with water. A check valve prevents water from flowing out of the system by allowing water to flow in only one direction.
This element consists of a spring and a locking element, which are located in the cylinder. As a rule, such an element is placed either in the area in front of the station or at the inlet of the suction pipe. The presence of a check valve allows you to avoid filling the station with water before each operation.
It is better to install the check valve in a vertical position (the arrow on the body should point upward). This will increase the service life of the element.
Of course, it can also be installed horizontally, only then during operation will dirt settle on its walls, which can lead to clogging.
Correct harness
Pumping station piping is the connection of pumping supply to the pipeline and other components.
This is done as follows:
- Install the system on a horizontal plane.
- The station is connected to the pipeline through a vibration isolator. It blocks vibration when the system is operating.
- Shut-off valves are then secured to allow the pump to be shut off in the event of repairs.
- Installing a strainer on the wicking line.
- For ease of use of the system, it is recommended to install pressure gauges.
- Installation of check valves.
Launch
Before starting the system, it is necessary to check the serviceability and compliance of all elements and adjust the air pressure in the accumulator.
After this, the pumping station and suction line must be filled with water (this is done through a special hole in the pump).
Then it must be connected to the electrical network for a smooth start and the pressure and automation checked.
The station should not be started very often, otherwise the engine will overheat. The rate of starts is up to 20 times in one hour (the exact figure must be indicated in the technical data sheet of the system). Then, during operation, it is necessary to control the air pressure in the accumulator (1.5 atmospheres).
Watch the video in which a specialist explains the features of assembly and connection: