1.1.1. Preparatory work includes:
a) preparation of the necessary documentation (circuits accepted for execution, factory documentation for relays and equipment, instructions, protocol forms, protection and automation settings, programs, etc.);
c) permission to work;
d) disconnecting all communication circuits on the rows of terminals of the device under test (panel, cabinet, etc.) with other devices.
1.1.2. During the external inspection, the equipment casings, mounting wires and rows of clamps are cleaned from dust.
During the inspection the following are checked:
a) compliance with the requirements of the PUE, PTE and other governing documents related to the device being adjusted and its individual components, as well as compliance with the design of the installed equipment and control cables;
b) reliability of fastening and correct installation of panels, cabinets, drawers, equipment;
c) absence of mechanical damage to the equipment, state of insulation of relay terminals and other equipment;
d) quality of painting of panels, cabinets, drawers and other elements of the device;
e) the state of installation of wires and cables, contact connections on rows of clamps, branches from busbars, relay pins, test blocks, resistors, as well as the reliability of soldering of all elements;
f) correct execution of end cuts of control cables and sealing of through holes;
g) the condition of seals on cabinet doors, casings, secondary terminals of current and voltage transformers, etc.;
h) the condition and correctness of grounding circuits of secondary connections and metal structures;
i) the condition of control electromagnets and block contacts of disconnectors, switches, automatic machines and other switching equipment;
j) the presence and correctness of inscriptions on panels, cabinets, boxes and equipment, the presence and correctness of markings of cables, cable cores, wires.
1.1.3. Checking the compliance of the installed devices with the design includes:
a) actual execution of connections between cassettes, blocks, modules, relays, switches and other elements on panels, cabinets, drawers, while simultaneously checking the correctness of markings.
Note. Checking the correct connections for the range of relay protection and automation devices manufactured by CHEAZ may not be carried out;
b) actual execution of all communication circuits between the device being tested and other relay protection, control, and alarm devices. At the same time, the correct marking of the cable cores is checked.
1.1.4. During an internal inspection and check of the mechanical part of the equipment, the following is carried out:
b) checking the presence and integrity of parts, their correct installation and reliability of fastening;
c) checking the insulation condition of connecting wires and equipment windings;
g) checking the condition of contact surfaces;
h) checking the mechanical characteristics of the equipment (backlashes, gaps, dips, solutions, deflections, etc.).
1.1.5. A preliminary check of insulation resistance consists of measuring the insulation resistance of individual components of relay protection and automation devices (current and voltage transformers, switching device drives, control cables, protection panels, etc.).
The measurement is made with a 1000 V megohmmeter:
a) relative to the ground;
b) between separate groups of electrically unconnected circuits (current, voltage, operating current, alarm);
c) between phases in current circuits where there are relays or devices with two or more primary windings;
d) between the conductors of the gas protection cable;
e) between cable cores from voltage transformers to circuit breakers or fuses.
Notes
1. Elements not designed for a test voltage of 1000 V when measured according to clause 1.1.5, a, b, are excluded from the circuit.
2. Measurement of insulation resistance of circuits of 24 V and below of relay protection and automation devices on a microelectronic and microprocessor basis is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. In the absence of such instructions, check that these circuits are not shorted to ground with an ohmmeter for a voltage of up to 15 V.
1.1.6. The scope of checking the electrical characteristics of specific devices, kits and apparatus during maintenance is given in section 4 of RD 153-34.3-35.613-00 or RD 153-34.3-35.617-2001. Work on checking electrical characteristics should be completed by setting and checking the settings and modes set by the relay protection and automation services.
1.1.7. Checking the interaction of device elements is carried out at an operating voltage equal to 0.8 of the nominal value. The correct interaction of the protection relay, electrical automation, control and alarm is checked in accordance with the circuit diagram when the relay is activated or returned (by hand).
When checking, special attention should be paid to:
a) absence of bypass circuits;
b) correct operation of the device at different positions of overlays, switches, test blocks, switches, etc.;
c) eliminating the possibility of impact on devices and switching devices of other connections.
For microelectronic based devices the interaction of elements is checked using a test control device.
After completing the test, the cable cores connecting the device being tested with other devices are connected to the rows of terminals of the device being tested, with the exception of communication circuits with devices in operation (see clause 1.1.10). The connected cable cores on the opposite side must be disconnected.
1.1.8. Measuring and testing the insulation of devices in a complete circuit is carried out with closed casings, covers, doors, etc.
Before and after testing the electrical insulation strength, the insulation resistance is measured with a 1000 V megohmmeter relative to the ground of each group of electrically unconnected secondary connection circuits. The electrical insulation strength test is carried out with a voltage of 1000 V AC for 1 min relative to ground (see notes to clause 1.1.5).
1.1.9. A comprehensive check of devices is carried out at the rated operational current voltage when the emergency mode parameters are supplied to the device from an external source and the device circuits are fully assembled with the relay casings closed, while the possibility of influencing other relay protection devices and switching devices must be excluded.
During a comprehensive check, the total operating time of each of the stages of the device is measured, including acceleration circuits, and the correct operation of the alarm is checked.
The current and voltage corresponding to the emergency mode are supplied to all stages and phases (or all phase combinations) of the device under test and must correspond to the following:
a) for maximum action protections - 0.9 and 1.1 operation settings to control failure of the protection in the first case and operation in the second case; to control the operating time - current or voltage equal to 1.3 operation settings.
For dependent characteristic protection two or three characteristic points are checked.
For current directional protections The rated voltage is supplied with a phase that ensures the operation of the power direction relay.
For differential protection current is supplied alternately to each of the protection arms;
b) for minimum action protections— 1.1 and 0.9 response settings to control protection failure in the first case and operation in the second case; to control the operating time - current or voltage equal to 0.8 of the operation setting.
For distance protection the time characteristic is taken for resistance values equal to 0Z 1 ; 0.5Z 1 ; 0.9Z 1 ; 1.1Z 1 ; 0.9Z 2 ; 1.1Z 2 ; 0.9Z 3 ; 1.1Z 3 . The time delay of the second and third stages is adjusted at resistances equal to 1.1Z 1 and 1.1Z 2, respectively. The first stage time delay (if necessary) is adjusted with a resistance of 0.5Z 1 .
The correct behavior of devices is checked when simulating all possible types of short circuit in the area and outside the area of operation of the devices.
1.1.10. Checking the interaction of the device being tested with other protective devices, electrical automation, control and alarm and the actions of the device on switching devices (at the rated operating current voltage), as well as the restoration of communication circuits of the device being tested with other devices in operation, are carried out according to the approved program.
After checking the effect of the device under test on switching devices, work in its communication circuits with switching devices and other devices should not be carried out.
1.1.11. Testing devices with operating current and voltage is the final check of the AC current and voltage circuitry, proper activation and behavior of the devices.
Before checking devices:
inspection of all relays, blocks, modules, other devices, rows of clamps and jumpers on them;
checking the presence of grounding in the relevant circuits;
installation of overlays, switches, test blocks and other operational elements in positions that prevent the influence of the device under test on other devices and switching devices;
checking the integrity of current circuits (from load devices, from a generator to a short circuit, secondary currents, etc.), as well as the correct assembly of current circuits of differential protections of generators and transformers, current filter protections.
When checking operating current and voltage, the following is carried out:
a) checking the serviceability of all current circuits by measuring secondary load currents in phases and the integrity of the neutral wire;
b) checking the serviceability and correct connection of voltage circuits.
Voltage circuits are checked to the following extent:
measurement of linear and phase voltages and zero-sequence voltage at a number of terminals (zero-sequence voltage is additionally measured directly at the relay terminals);
checking voltage phase rotation;
checking the phasing of the voltage circuits of the connection being tested;
c) checking the correct connection of the current circuits of each group of current transformers by taking a vector diagram and checking it with the actual direction of power in the primary circuit;
d) checking the operation of interlocking devices in the event of voltage circuit malfunctions by alternately disconnecting each of the phases, two and three phases simultaneously, as well as zero (for those types of interlocks where this is required) at a number of panel terminals;
e) checking the correct operation and unbalances of current and voltage filters of direct, negative and zero sequences, as well as combined filters;
f) checking the correct activation of the power direction relay and directional resistance relays;
g) checking the correct assembly of current circuits of differential protection by measuring currents (voltages) of unbalances;
h) final check of the correct activation of phase differential protections, protections with HF blocking, longitudinal differential protections (in accordance with the scope of maintenance of specific types of devices).
Comprehensive testing of relay protection and automation devices of generators and generator-transformer units is carried out in accordance with the current Guidelines for conducting comprehensive tests of generators and generator-transformer units at power plants.
1.1.12. When preparing relay protection, electrical automation, remote control and alarm devices for switching on, the following is performed:
a) re-inspection of relays, the mode of which was changed during testing with operating current and voltage;
d) instructing the duty personnel on the devices being put into operation and the features of their operation, handing over these devices and instructions for their maintenance to the duty personnel;
e) an entry in the relay protection log about the test results, the condition of the tested devices and the possibility of putting them into operation. Preparation of device passports and protocols.
1 .2. First preventive control
1.2.1. Preparatory work includes:
a) preparation of the necessary documentation (executive diagrams, operating instructions, protocols, workbooks, protection and automation settings maps, programs);
b) preparation of test devices, measuring instruments, connecting wires, spare parts and tools;
c) permission to work and taking measures against the possibility of the device being tested affecting other devices.
1.2.2. During the external inspection, the equipment casings, mounting wires and rows of clamps are cleaned from dust.
During the inspection the following are checked:
c) the state of installation of wires and cables, the reliability of contact connections on rows of clamps, branches from busbars, relay pins, test blocks, resistors, as well as the reliability of soldering of all elements;
d) the condition of seals on cabinet doors, casings of secondary terminals of current and voltage transformers, etc.;
e) the condition of control electromagnets and block contacts of disconnectors, switches, automatic machines and other switching equipment;
f) grounding state of secondary circuits;
g) the presence and correctness of inscriptions on panels and equipment, the presence of markings of cables and wires.
3.2.3. A preliminary check of the specified settings is carried out (with the covers closed) in order to determine the operability of the elements and the deviation of the set values from the specified ones.
Permissible values of maximum deviations of settings from the specified ones are given in Appendix 2, RD 153-34.3-35.613-00 or RD 153-34.3-35.617-2001..
If, when checking the settings, their values are outside the permissible deviations, the causes of the deviation are analyzed and the malfunction is eliminated.
1.2.4. During an internal inspection and check of the mechanical part of the equipment, the following is carried out:
a) checking the condition of the casing seals and the integrity of the glass;
c) cleaning from dust and foreign objects;
d) checking the reliability of contact connections;
e) checking the insulation condition of connecting wires and equipment windings:
f) checking the condition of contact surfaces; if there are no mechanical damage, soot, shells, or oxide film on them, cleaning is not performed;
g) checking and (if necessary) adjusting the mechanical characteristics of equipment (plays, gaps, dips, solutions, deflections, etc.).
1.2.5. Checking the electrical characteristics of the elements is carried out in accordance with the instructions in Section. 4
RD 153-34.3-35.613-00 or RD 153-34.3-35.617-2001:
in the scope of preventive restoration, if disassembly or replacement of elements was not carried out;
to the extent of the new inclusion, if such disassembly (replacement) was carried out.
1.2.6. Checking the interactions of device elements is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.7.
1.2.7. Insulation measurement and testing are carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.8; Insulation testing can be carried out with a 2500 V megaometer.
1.2.8. A comprehensive check of devices is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.9.
1.2.9. Checking the interaction of the device under test with other protection, electrical automation, control and signaling devices and the effect of the device on switching equipment is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.10. The effect of the device on other devices or switching devices can be checked during the next maintenance or repair of the specified devices and devices.
1.2.10. Testing of the device with operating current and voltage is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.11.
1.2.11. When preparing relay protection, electrical automation, control and alarm devices for switching on, the following are carried out:
a) re-inspection of relays, blocks, modules, the mode of which was changed during testing with operating current and voltage;
b) checking the position of signal elements of indicating relays, test blocks, escutcheons, switches, buttons, signal lamps and other devices operated by duty personnel, as well as jumpers on rows of clamps;
c) checking the readings of HF transceivers, control devices, etc.;
d) an entry in the relay protection log about the test results, the condition of the tested devices and the possibility of putting them into operation.
1 .3. Preventative recovery
1.3.1. Preparatory work is carried out in accordance with clause 1.2.1.
1.3.2. During the external inspection, the equipment casing, mounting wires and rows of clamps are cleaned from dust.
During inspection they check;
a) reliability of fastening of the panel, cabinet, drawer, equipment;
b) absence of mechanical damage to the equipment, state of insulation of relay terminals and other equipment;
c) the state of painting of panels, cabinets, drawers and other elements of the device;
d) the state of installation of wires and cables, the reliability of contact connections on rows of clamps, branches from busbars, relay pins, test blocks, resistors, as well as the reliability of soldering of all elements;
e) condition of cable terminations of secondary connections;
f) the condition of the sealing of cabinet doors, terminal casings on the side of the secondary circuits of current and voltage transformers, etc.;
g) grounding state of secondary circuits;
h) the condition of control electromagnets and block contacts of disconnectors, switches, automatic machines and other switching equipment;
i) the presence of inscriptions on panels, cabinets, drawers and equipment, the presence of markings of cables, cable cores and wires.
1.3.3. A preliminary check of the specified settings is carried out in accordance with clause 1.2.3.
1.3.4. During an internal inspection and check of the mechanical part of the equipment, the following is performed:
a) checking the condition of the casing seals and the integrity of the glass;
b) checking the condition of parts and the reliability of their fastening;
c) cleaning from dust;
d) checking the reliability of contact connections and soldering (which can be checked without disassembling the elements or assembly);
e) checking the tightness of the bolts tightening the cores of transformers, chokes, etc.;
f) checking the insulation condition of connecting wires and equipment windings;
g) checking the condition of contact surfaces; if there are no mechanical damage, soot, shells or oxide film on them, cleaning is not performed;
h) checking and (if necessary) adjusting the mechanical characteristics of the equipment (plays, gaps, dips, solutions, deflections, etc.).
1.3.5. Electrical characteristics are checked in accordance with clause 1.2.5.
1.3.6. Checking the interaction of device elements is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.7.
1.3.7. Insulation measurement and testing are carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.8; Insulation testing can be carried out with a 2500 V megohmmeter.
1.3.8. A comprehensive check of the device is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.9.
1.3.9. Checking the interaction of the device under test with other protection, electrical automation, control and signaling devices and the effect of the device on switching equipment and restoration of communication circuits with other devices is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.10. The effect of the device on other devices or switching devices can be checked during the next maintenance or repair of the specified devices and devices.
1.3.10. Testing the device with operating current and voltage is carried out in accordance with clause 1.2.10.
In cases where disassembly of current voltage circuits was carried out at test terminals, the test is performed in accordance with clause 1.1.11, a and b.
1.3.11. The device is prepared for switching on in accordance with clause 1.2.11.
1.4. Preventive control
1.4.1. Preparatory work is carried out in accordance with clause 1.2.1.
1.4.2. During an external examination the following is performed:
a) cleaning equipment and installation casings from dust;
b) inspection of the condition of equipment and installation;
c) inspection of internal elements of equipment through sight glasses;
d) inspection of output relays with covers removed.
1.4.3. During an internal inspection and check of the mechanical part of the equipment subject to restoration in accordance with Note 2 of Table 2.3.3 RD 153-34.3-35.613-00 or RD 153-34.3-35.617-2001, the following is carried out:
a) checking the condition of parts and the reliability of their fastening;
b) cleaning from dust;
c) checking the reliability of soldered contact connections;
d) checking the condition of contact surfaces; if there are no mechanical damage, soot, shells or oxide film on them, cleaning is not performed;
d.) checking and (if necessary) adjusting mechanical characteristics (plays, gaps, dips, solutions, deflections, etc.);
f) checking electrical characteristics in accordance with clause 1.2.5.
1.4.4. The insulation resistance of each of the groups of electrically unconnected secondary circuits relative to the ground is measured with a 1000 V megohmmeter (see note 2 to clause 1.1.5 d.).
1.4.5. A comprehensive check of devices is carried out at the rated operating current voltage with emergency mode parameters supplied to the device from an external source and fully assembled device circuits with the relay casings closed; The duration of protection is not measured.
The current and voltage corresponding to the emergency mode are supplied to all phases (or all phase combinations) of the device under test.
For protections with a dependent characteristic, two or three characteristic points are removed; for differential protection, the current is alternately supplied to each of the protection arms; the step protections are supplied with emergency mode parameters corresponding to one point in the first zone and one point outside the activation zone of the last stage; at the same time, the operation and failure of all protection stages are checked, respectively.
During a comprehensive check, the correct operation of the alarm is also checked.
1.4.6. When checking the action of the output relays on the switching device, the serviceability of the shutdown (switching on) circuit is checked by the action on the switching device from the output relays and the restoration of the communication circuits of the device under test with other devices.
1.4.7. Testing devices with operating current and voltage includes:
a) checking the flow of current around the current circuits of the device being tested;
b) checking the presence of voltage on the device being tested;
1.4.8. When preparing the device for switching on, the following is done:
a) checking the position of signal elements of indicating relays, test blocks, overlays, switches, buttons, signal lamps and other elements;
b) an entry in the relay protection log about the test results, the condition of the tested devices and the possibility of putting them into operation.
1.5. Test control
1.5.1. Test control is carried out for devices based on microelectronics in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1.5.2. When carrying out adjustment work, first preventive monitoring and preventive restoration of microelectronic-based relay protection and automation devices, test control is carried out twice - after checking the power supply and after checking the device with operating current and voltage. When carrying out preventive control, test control is carried out once - after checking the operating current and voltage.
1.6. Periodic testing
1.6.1. Preparatory work includes:
a) preparation of executive plans, instructions, passports, protocols and workbooks;
b) permission to operate and taking measures to exclude the impact of the device being tested on other devices (disassembly of circuits).
1.6.2. Checking the functionality of device elements in most cases consists of two parts:
a) testing an element with an effect on output relays;
b) testing the effect of output relays on switching equipment.
The operating voltage during periodic testing should be equal to 0.8 of the nominal value, if this is easily achievable.
1.6.3. When preparing the device to turn on, do the following:
a) restoration of communication circuits of the device under test with other devices;
b) checking the position of signal elements of indicating relays, test blocks, overlays, switches, buttons, signal lamps and other operational elements.
The results of testing and verification are recorded in the relay protection journal.
1.7. Technical inspection
During the technical inspection, the following is visually inspected:
a) absence of external damage to the device and its elements;
b) the condition of device fastenings on panels, wires on rows of clamps and on device terminals;
List of regulatory documents used when carrying out maintenance of relay protection and automation devicesThese Rules are intended for workers involved in setting up and operating relay protection devices and automatic protection devices.
the rules determine the types: ....
- new inclusion
- first preventive control
- preventive restoration
- preventive control
- test control
- periodic testing
- technical inspection,
frequency, programs and volumes of maintenance of the following relay protection devices and URZA automation:
- distance protection
- differential phase protection
- longitudinal differential line protection
- directional protection with high frequency blocking
- automatic restart devices
- transformer protection
- reactor protection
- differential tire protection with braking
- protection against phase-to-phase short circuits
- protection against single-phase short circuits
- current protection of lines with voltage 500 kV and above
- KRB blocking devices
- alarm devices for single-phase ground faults
- switch failure redundancy device (level)
- high-frequency blocking panels ep31643a/69 and ep31643b/69 (ep31643a/91 and ep31643b/91)
- protection complexes for generator-transformer unit and generator protection
- complete connection protection devices 6-10 kV Yare2201, Yare2202
- relays, kits, blocks and devices of protection and automation
These rules apply in Russia
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
2. MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR RPA DEVICES
2.1. Basic concepts and terms in the field of relay protection and automation reliability
2.2. Types of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices
2.3. Frequency of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices
3. WORK PROGRAMS FOR MAINTENANCE OF RPA DEVICES
3.1. New inclusion
3.2. First preventive control
3.3. Preventative recovery
3.4. Preventive control
3.5. Test control
3.6. Periodic testing
3.7. Technical inspection
4. SCOPE OF WORK DURING MAINTENANCE
4.1. Distance protection
4.1.1. Protections PZ-152, PZ-153
4.1.5. Protection panel EPZ-1636-67/1 and EPZ-1636-67/2
4.1.2. Protections PZ-3, PZ-4, PZ-4M
4.2. Phase differential protection
4.2.1. Protection DFZ-2 and DFZ-201
4.3. Longitudinal differential line protection
4.5. Automatic reclosing devices
4.6. Transformer protection
4.7. Reactor protection
4.8. Differential tire protection with braking
4.9. Protection against phase-to-phase short circuits
4.10. Protection against single-phase short circuits
4.11. Current protection of lines with voltage 500 kV and above
4.12. KRB blocking devices
4.13. Alarm devices for single-phase ground faults
4.14. Switch failure redundancy device (CBF)
4.15. High-frequency blocking panels EP31643A/69 and EP31643B/69 (EP31643A/91 and EP31643B/91)
4.16. Protection complexes for generator-transformer unit and generator protection
4.17. Complete protection devices for 6-10 kV connections YARE2201, YARE2202
4.18. Relays, kits, blocks and devices of protection and automation
5. SCOPE OF WORK DURING MAINTENANCE OF MICROPROCESSOR DEVICES OF RPA
Appendix 1 List of regulatory documents used when carrying out maintenance of relay protection and automation devices
Appendix 2 Permissible values of maximum deviations of protection settings
This section presents documentation (standards, rules and instructions) on relay protection and automation (RPA)
This “Instruction for the organization and performance of work in relay protection devices and electrical automation of power plants and substations” (hereinafter referred to as the Instructions) determines the order of organization, methodology and sequence of work during the maintenance of relay protection devices and electrical automation of power plants and substations.
With the release of this Instruction, the “Standard Instructions for the organization and performance of work in relay protection devices and electrical automation of power plants and substations” (M: SPO ORGRES, 1991) becomes invalid.
Time standards for maintenance of IC-based relay protection devices are recommended for use at the enterprises of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy. Time standards are given in man-hours and are set for the full scope of work provided for by their content and to be performed by the team of performers. The content of maintenance work on relay protection devices includes basic operations; in most cases, minor operations are not indicated, but are taken into account by time standards. When work is performed by a unit, labor costs are distributed equally between performers for all types of maintenance.
Calculation of effective values of short circuit currents (short circuit) in networks with a voltage of 3000 (3300) V is carried out in order to determine the maximum value of the three-phase short circuit current necessary to test switching equipment for breaking capacity and cables for thermal resistance, as well as the minimum current value two-phase short circuit, necessary to check the settings of protective equipment.
These Standards apply to relay protection devices in the automation of thermal power plants and include consumption standards for Western relays and spare parts for them to restore the working condition of relay equipment.
The standards are drawn up for relays of mass use, as well as for protective circuit breakers AP-50, control keys, test units and switching devices.
When drawing up the Standards, data from questionnaires were used, as well as the results of a survey of a number of power plants and energy systems.
The standards are intended for use in preparing annual applications for spare relays and spare parts for them.
Temporarily, until special standards are developed, these Standards can also be used for relay protection equipment and substation automation.
These Standards for the consumption of spare relays and spare parts apply to relay protection devices, electrical automation and emergency automatic equipment (hereinafter referred to as RPA devices) of enterprises of electrical networks and substations with a voltage of 35 kV and above the Ministry of Energy of the USSR and establish the annual consumption standards for spare panels, protection relays and electrical automatic equipment, equipment remote control and spare parts for them for repair and maintenance needs for:
failure of relay protection and automation devices during operation or detected during scheduled maintenance;
carrying out reconstructions according to the instructions of the Main Technical Directorate, feasibility study, POEE;
replacement of worn-out and discontinued relay protection devices.
The standards are intended for personnel of relay protection and electrical automation services of electrical network enterprises, when drawing up annual applications for spare relays and spare parts for them.
Temporarily, until special standards are developed, the standards indicated in Table. 4-6, can be used in electrical networks with voltages below 35 kV.
This instruction is compiled on the basis of “Guidelines for setting up, testing and operating the relay part of differential-phase high-frequency protection type DFZ-2”, Gosenergoizdat, 1957 (authors V.V. Kochetov, E.D. Sapir, G.G. Yakubson) . A number of additions and clarifications have been made to the used text of the Guidelines, providing for a reduction in the scope of checks and simplification of test methods, based on operating experience. These simplifications do not introduce fundamental changes to the fundamentals of the test methodology laid down in the above-mentioned Guidelines.
Additionally, descriptions are also given of typical options for implementing protection on lines with branches and instructions for checking it, technical data and instructions on the features of testing the protection of a single-ampere version of protection type DFZ-2/1.
The instructions for setting up and testing are linked to directive materials * (regarding the types, scope and timing of testing), with the “General Instructions for Testing Relay Protection Devices, Electrical Automatics and Secondary Circuits” (Gosenergoizdat, 1961) and with other instructions for testing devices and individual relay protection elements. In order to make this connection, some instructions for checking individual elements of the DFZ-2 protection have been replaced with links to these instructions.
Taking into account the equipment of power systems with relay protection devices, electrical automation and emergency automatic equipment (RPA), as well as accounting, analysis and evaluation of their operation make it possible to:
assess the compliance of relay protection and automation devices with the requirements, their reliability and suitability for operation;
identify characteristic causes of their incorrect operations and failures to operate in order to develop organizational and technical measures to improve the operation of relay protection and automation devices, make claims to design, installation, commissioning organizations, development organizations and supplier plants;
identify and eliminate deficiencies in the implementation and operation of these devices;
determine the main operational indicators of the operation of individual types of relay protection and automation (percentage of correct operation, success of automatic reclosing and emergency automatic transfer, frequency or frequency of operation of relay protection and automation devices, etc.) and evaluate the number and workload indicators of the personnel of relay protection and automation services of electrical network enterprises and ETL power plants (hereinafter referred to as the relay protection service service).
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY:
State Institute for Design and Research in the Oil Industry "Giprovostokneft"
Director of the Institute B.P. Usachev September 8, 1988
Head of the Electric Power Supply Reliability Department I.V. Christov September 8, 1988
Head of Sector A.T. Subochev September 8, 1988
AGREED:
Head of the Department for Operation of Power-Mechanical Equipment V.A. Romanov September 15, 1988
INSTEAD RD 39-0148311-601-85 "Regulations on the system of maintenance and repair of electrical installations in oil production and drilling"
The provision includes:
Part 1. General provisions. Electrical equipment and power lines;
Part 2. Relay protection and automation devices. Prevention trials. Electrical measuring instruments.
This Standard Regulation applies to relay protection and electrical automation services at all levels of management of the Russian electric power industry. The standard provision is the basis for drawing up local regulations on the relay protection and electrical automation services of the central control department of the UES of Russia, the integrated control system of integrated systems (UPS), intersystem electric networks (IES), regional energos, power plants, cascades of hydroelectric power plants, electric grid enterprises, MES enterprises (PMES) .
The Standard Regulations reflect issues of organizational and technical maintenance of relay protection devices, electrical automation, remote control and alarm systems.
With the release of this Model Regulation, the “Standard Regulations on Relay Protection and Electrical Automation Services” (M.: SPO Soyuztekhenergo, 1981) and the “Standard Regulations on Relay Protection and Electrical Automation Services PEO: RD 34.04.418-88” (M.: Management) become invalid labor and wages Ministry of Energy of the USSR, 1988).
The current local regulations, during their next revision, must be brought into line with this Model Regulation, taking into account the existing organizational structure and relationships between departments.
The instructions contain instructions for checking current transformers (CTs) used for relay protection, automation and measurement, as well as instructions for checking secondary current circuits up to the input terminals of protection, automation and measurement devices.
Checking the current circuits inside the specified devices, as well as checking the CT in the complete circuit of the device, must be carried out in accordance with the standard instructions for organizing and performing work on relay protection and electrical automation devices of power plants and substations.
When preparing the third edition, comments from a number of power systems to the previous edition of the Instructions and changes that have appeared over time in electrical engineering, organization and energy economics were taken into account.
This edition of the Instructions includes a section on methods for checking CT errors for different options for their use in relay protection, which lists the currently existing methods for determining CT errors and provides a brief summary of the two simplest of them.
These Rules are mandatory for workers involved in setting up and operating relay protection and electrical automation devices (RPA) at the enterprises of Intersystem Electric Networks (IES) and JSC-Energo, at power plants of RAO "UES of Russia".
The rules determine the types, frequency, programs and volumes of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, remote control and signaling devices (hereinafter referred to as relay protection devices), high-frequency relay protection channels, current and voltage transformers.
These Recommendations are intended to assist power systems in the reconstruction and replacement of relay protection and automation devices that have exhausted their service life or are obsolete. Specialists from OJSC “CHEAZ” G.P. took part in the development of the Recommendations. Varganov, A..A. Klimov and R.Z. Rosenblum, materials from the report of K.M. were partially used. Dobrodeeva (Nizhegorodskenergosetproekt) at a meeting of the management personnel of the relay protection and automation services of the power systems of the UES of the Middle Volga and MES of the Volga in October 1999, as well as reviews from a number of organizations on the first edition of the Recommendations.
These Rules are mandatory for workers involved in setting up and operating relay protection and electrical automation devices (RPA) of 0.4-35 kV electrical networks in the power systems of the Russian Federation.
The rules determine the types, frequency, programs and volumes of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, current and voltage transformers, power supplies and other relay protection and automation devices used in 0.4-35 kV electrical networks.
WITH
With the release of these Rules, the previously existing “Rules for the maintenance of relay protection devices and electrical automation of electrical networks of 0.4-35 kV: RD 34.35.613-89” (M.: SPO Soyuztekhenergo, 1989) are considered no longer in force.
These Rules apply to relay protection and automation devices installed at nuclear power plants (NPs) in electrical installations for power delivery and auxiliary networks for controlling electrical equipment, as well as for relay protection and fault signaling. These relay protection and automation devices include low-voltage complete devices (panels, cabinets, units and consoles installed in them), associated auxiliary control and measurement circuits (current circuits and voltage circuits from instrument transformers.
This “Standard Regulations on the Relay Protection and Electrical Automation Service of Nuclear Power Plants” (hereinafter referred to as the Standard Regulations) establishes the main tasks and functions of the Relay Protection and Automation Service (hereinafter referred to as the Relay Protection and Automation Service) in the systems of operation, maintenance and repair of nuclear power plants (hereinafter referred to as the AS) and is the basis for the development of plant regulations on the relay protection and automation service of a nuclear power plant.
This guidance document of the operating organization (hereinafter referred to as RD) establishes the minimum technical requirements for relay protection and automation devices for electrical installations of nuclear power plants. The requirements of this RD must be applied when replacing relay protection and automation devices put into operation according to the original design.
This RD applies to systems and devices:
- relay protection of electrical equipment of the NPP auxiliary network (normal operation systems and emergency power supply systems for auxiliary needs (EPS));
- devices for automatic transfer of reserve (ATS) of electrical and technological equipment of nuclear power plants.
The requirements of this RD must be met by all divisions of Rosenergoatom Concern OJSC when developing design estimates for the replacement of relay protection and automation devices (RPA), when carrying out procedures for selecting manufacturers and (or) suppliers of hardware and software for relay protection devices and automation (URZA), as well as in the technical specifications of the contract for production and (or) supply.
This guidance document of the operating organization (hereinafter referred to as RD) establishes the minimum technical requirements for relay protection and automation devices of nuclear power plant electrical installations. This RD is intended for use when replacing relay protection and electrical automation devices put into operation according to the original design.
This “Instruction for operating personnel for servicing relay protection devices and electrical automation of power systems” (hereinafter referred to as the Instructions) defines the rights and responsibilities of operating personnel and contains general instructions for the operational management and maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, monitoring their serviceability and eliminating a number of malfunctions, and organizing work in these devices, as well as by the actions of operating personnel when they are triggered.
The Guidelines contain recommendations on the required volumes, methods and duration of characterization of turbogenerator-transformer units and their relay protection and automation devices when conducting complex electrical tests.
The guidelines are intended for the personnel of commissioning organizations and operational personnel involved in testing electrical equipment and relay protection and automation devices before connecting units being put into operation into the network and after completing major repairs.
This collection contains departmental aggregated unit prices for the maintenance of relay protection and automation devices (circuit breakers, relays, protection kits, interlocking devices).
The prices are intended for planning work and drawing up estimates for the maintenance of the specified relay protection and automation devices, performed by personnel of power grid operating and repair enterprises in a market economy, and are advisory in nature. The information in the collection is sufficient to formulate standardized tasks for teams.
The standard establishes principles for organizing interaction between relay protection and automation services (divisions) when they perform functions for centralized management of relay protection systems and devices in a hierarchical management structure and when they perform functions for non-centralized management of relay protection systems and devices in the economic structure of management and operation of relay protection and automation devices installed at power plants and substations of the subjects of the electric power industry of the UES of Russia, as well as subjects of technologically isolated regional energy systems.
Standard time standards for major repairs of low-voltage electrical ballasts, relay protection and automation equipment are recommended for use in electromechanical shops, enterprise areas and specialized repair shops in sectors of the national economy, regardless of their departmental subordination.
Time standards are intended to regulate the work of electricians in repairing electrical equipment under piecework and time-based wage systems.
General requirements for systems of emergency and operational automation, relay protection and automation, telemetric information and technological communication in the UES of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the General Requirements) are intended to ensure the requirements of a unified technical policy in the subsidiaries and dependent companies of OAO RAO UES of Russia during the design, reconstruction and construction of new energy facilities in the Unified Energy System of Russia.
Good day, dear friends.
There are a lot of questions on this topic: Relay protection and automation, but it's simpler RZA.
I devoted today’s article to organizing the maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, and it will be exactly like this, regardless of the complexity of the electrical equipment you use.
Let's start with the fact that the period of operation of the device or its service life before write-off is determined by the wear and tear of the device to such a state where its restoration becomes unprofitable.
The service life of the device, starting with the check when switching on again, usually includes several overhaul periods, each of which can be divided into characteristic periods from the point of view of reliability ( Reliability is the property of a device to maintain over time, within established limits, the values of parameters that characterize the ability to perform required functions in given modes and conditions of use, maintenance, repairs, storage and transportation) stages:
— running-in period;
- period of normal operation.
The following types of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices of electrical networks of 0.4-35 kV are established:
— check when switching on again (adjustment);
— first preventive control;
— preventive control;
— preventive restoration (repair);
— testing (test control);
— technical inspection.
In addition, during operation, an extraordinary or post-accident inspection may be carried out.
Check (adjustment) Inspection of relay protection and automation devices when switching on again should be carried out when commissioning a newly installed, separate connection or when reconstructing relay protection and automation devices at an existing facility. This is necessary to assess the serviceability of equipment and secondary circuits, the correctness of connection diagrams, adjusting relays, and checking the functionality of devices ( Working condition is a state of devices in which the values of parameters characterizing the ability to perform specified functions comply with the requirements of regulatory, technical and design documentation.) Relay protection and automation in general. The check when switching on again must be carried out by the personnel of the relay protection service or a specialized commissioning organization.
If the check for new switching was carried out by a third-party commissioning organization, then switching on of new and reconstructed devices is carried out after their acceptance by the relay protection service.
Preventive control Inspection of relay protection and automation devices is carried out in order to identify and eliminate possible malfunctions of its elements that arise during operation, which can cause unnecessary operations or failures of operation of relay protection and automation devices.
The first preventive control after putting the relay protection device into operation is carried out mainly in order to identify and eliminate run-in failures ( Run-in failures occur during the initial period of operation and are caused mainly by shortcomings in production technology and insufficient quality control of component elements of devices during manufacturing. For relay protection and automation devices, the causes of running-in failures can also be errors during installation and commissioning, poor quality of commissioning.) that arise during the initial period of operation.
Preventative recovery is carried out in order to check the serviceability of equipment and circuits, compliance of the settings and characteristics of the relay with the specified ones, restoration of worn-out equipment and its parts, checking the relay protection and automation device as a whole.
Preventive restoration is also carried out in order to restore individual less reliable (having a short resource or a high rate of resource depletion) device elements: relays RT-80, RT-90, IT-80, IT-90, ET-500, EH-500, EV- 100, EV-200, RTV, RVM, RP-341, etc. Depending on environmental conditions and the condition of the equipment, the scope of partial restoration of relay protection and automation devices located in outdoor cabinets can be expanded.
Testing is carried out in order to check the performance of relay protection devices.
Testing can be carried out using built-in testing elements or by simulating the triggering of relay protection devices.
Test control is carried out for devices that have built-in means of manual test control.
The need and frequency of testing or test control are determined by local conditions and approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise.
Correct operation of relay protection devices for 6 months. before the testing period is equivalent to testing.
Extraordinary inspection is carried out in case of partial changes in circuits or reconstruction of relay protection and automation devices, if it is necessary to change the settings or characteristics of relays and devices, as well as to eliminate deficiencies discovered during testing.
Post-accident inspection is carried out to determine the causes of operational failures or unclear actions of relay protection and automation devices. Extraordinary and post-emergency inspections are carried out according to programs drawn up by MS RZA, approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise.
A short digression about refusals:
Refusal is called a violation of the operable state of the device. There are characteristic types of failures that differ:
if possible, predicting the onset of failure - gradual and sudden failures;
according to the time of failure occurrence - running-in failures, failures during normal operation and degradation failures.
In this case, failures can be either gradual or sudden.
Gradual failures occur as a result of changes in one or more parameters of the device or the state of its elements due to various physical and chemical processes that arise as a result of prolonged operation.
In relay protection and automation devices, these processes include: dusting of internal parts of relays and devices, formation of carbon deposits and cavities on contacts, misadjustment of the mechanical part of the relay, loosening of screw contact connections, decreased insulation resistance, changes in the characteristics of the device or its individual elements. When timely preventive measures are carried out, these changes in the parameters or state of the device and its elements can be detected by monitoring and diagnostic methods, and possible failures can be prevented by adjusting, replacing or restoring the elements.
Sudden failures characterized by abrupt changes in the values of one or more device parameters. The causes of sudden failures are physical and chemical processes that occur rather slowly over time.
Failures during normal operation occur after the end of the running-in period, but before the onset of degradation failures. This is the longest period of total operating time in which the number of failures is approximately constant and has the least significance.
Degradative failures are caused by natural processes of aging, wear and corrosion, subject to compliance with established rules, design, manufacturing and operation standards. These failures occur when the device as a whole or its individual elements approaches a limiting state due to aging or wear conditions at the end of its full service life or between repairs. With proper maintenance organization, these failures can be prevented by timely replacement or restoration of elements. In this case, the replacement period should be less than the average wear time of the element. If timely replacement is not carried out, the number of degradation failures increases.
Running-in failures, failures during normal operation and degradation failures are random events, but obey general laws.
It is necessary to distinguish between failure of a protection device as an event of loss of functionality and failure of operation as an event of failure to perform a specified function when a corresponding requirement arises.
Periodic technical inspections are carried out in order to check the condition of the equipment and relay protection circuits, as well as the compliance of the position of the linings and switching devices with the operating mode of the equipment.
Now let's talk about frequency of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices.
For relay protection and automation devices, the maintenance cycle is set from three to twelve years .
The maintenance cycle is understood as the period of operation of the device between the two nearest preventive restorations, during which the established types of maintenance are performed in a certain sequence.
What determines the duration of the maintenance cycle? On the degree of influence of various factors on relay protection devices.
Based on the degree of influence of various environmental factors on devices in electrical networks of 0.4-35 kV, two categories of premises can be distinguished.
Co. II category These include rooms with a wide range of fluctuations in ambient temperature, in which there is relatively free access to outside air (metal rooms, cells of the KRUN type, complete transformer substations, etc.), as well as rooms located in areas with increased environmental aggressiveness.
The maintenance cycle for relay protection and automation devices installed in premises of category I is assumed to be 12, 8 or 6 years, and for relay protection and automation devices installed in premises of category II, it is accepted to be equal to 6 or 3 years, depending on the type of relay protection and automation devices and local conditions affecting to accelerate wear of devices (see table).
The maintenance cycle for relay protection and automation devices is established by order of the chief engineer of the enterprise.
For non-essential connections in premises of category II, the duration of the maintenance cycle of relay protection and automation devices can be increased, but not more than twice. In order to combine the maintenance of relay protection and automation devices with the repair of main equipment, it is allowed to postpone the planned type of maintenance for a period of up to one year. In some justified cases, the duration of the maintenance cycle for relay protection and automation devices can be reduced.
The maintenance cycles indicated in the table refer to the period of operation of relay protection and automation devices, corresponding to the full service life of the devices. Based on the operating experience of relay protection and automation devices based on electromechanical components installed in category I premises, their total average service life is 25 years and for devices installed in category II premises it is 20 years.
In the technical documentation for relay protection and automation devices based on microelectronic and electronic bases, the full average service life is usually set at 12 years. Operation of electromechanical, microprocessor and electronic based relay protection devices beyond the specified time limits can only be permitted in satisfactory condition and a reduction in the maintenance cycle established by the enterprise management.
The greatest number of electronic equipment failures occurs at the beginning and end of their service life, so it is recommended that these devices have shorter inspection periods in the first two to three years and after 10 to 12 years of operation. It is recommended to set the operating periods between the next two preventive restorations for these devices in the first years of operation to no more than 6 years. As operating experience is gained, the maintenance cycle can be extended to 12 years.
The maintenance cycle for 0.4 kV circuit breakers is recommended to be 3 or 6 years.
Planned maintenance of relay protection and automation devices of electrical networks of 0.4-35 kV should, if possible, be combined with repairs of main electrical equipment.
The first preventive control of relay protection and automation devices should be carried out after 10-18 months. after turning on the device.
The frequency of maintenance of equipment and secondary circuits of remote control and signaling devices is assumed to be the same as for the corresponding relay protection devices.
The frequency of technical inspections of equipment and circuits is established in accordance with local conditions.
Test control (testing) of devices based on microelectronics is recommended to be carried out weekly at substations with personnel on duty, and at substations without personnel on duty - whenever possible, but at least once every 12 months.
For microelectronic and microprocessor relay protection devices, before switching on again, as a rule, training should be carried out by supplying the device with operating current for 3 - 4 days and, if possible, operating currents and voltages with switching on the device with an effect on the signal. After the training period has expired, a test control is carried out and if there are no malfunctions, the relay protection device is switched to shutdown.
Removing dust from external surfaces, checking the reliability of contact connections, checking the integrity of glass, the condition of housing seals, etc. microprocessor and electromechanical relay protection devices are performed in the usual way. During an internal inspection, cleaning the internal modules of microprocessor-based relay protection and automation devices from dust should be done with a vacuum cleaner to prevent damage to the devices by static discharge. It should be taken into account that manufacturers guarantee the normal operation of electronic devices and warranty repairs of relay protection and automation equipment for a limited period of operation while maintaining the safety of the factory seals. Taking this into account, it is not recommended to open the casings of these relay protection devices during the warranty period.
In the event of a malfunction of microelectronic-based relay protection and automation devices, repair of the device during the warranty period must be carried out at the manufacturer. During the subsequent period of operation, repairs are carried out under an agreement with the manufacturer or in basic laboratories by qualified specialists.
Methods for testing microprocessor-based relay protection and automation devices are given in the technical descriptions and operating instructions of the manufacturers.
I'll stop there today.