The roof is the most important structural element of a building. Whether the conditions inside will be comfortable enough depends on how well it is made. Therefore, during construction or renovation, it is necessary to be especially careful in choosing the material for the roof. In the article we will consider a modern and high-tech method of arranging a roof from a PVC membrane.
Membrane roofing has recently become extremely popular, which is not surprising, since it has excellent technical performance and, most importantly, is easy to use and operate. The membrane was first introduced more than 40 years ago and since then has maintained a leading position in the market. In Europe, it has long been unconditionally preferred, covering almost 80% of roofs with its help, and now it is gaining trust in Russia.
PVC roofing membrane
This is an innovative waterproofing roofing material made on the basis of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
The membrane itself consists of three components, which are the basis of its unique qualities:
- The top layer of PVC is resistant to temperature changes and ultraviolet radiation. It is offered in a wide range of colors, so it is easy to choose any one depending on your needs or wishes;
- reinforcement with polyester mesh (for reinforced types of membranes);
- the bottom layer is a darker shade. It would seem why they paid attention to this, but in fact this point is important. The fact is that if deformation appears on the roof - a dent, a cut, a rupture - then, thanks to the difference in color between the top and bottom layers, this place will be clearly visible, which will make it easier to find the leak and guarantee a quick repair.
Characteristics of PVC membrane
The main secret of the longevity of a membrane roof is the presence of special stabilizers in the top layer, which protect against aggressive environmental influences. Ultraviolet radiation is especially dangerous for it, so membrane manufacturers supply them with a layer of special absorbers that create a barrier that prevents the penetration of ultraviolet rays and the destruction of the material.
Manufacturers are not afraid to give a 10-year warranty on their material, and the service life of a membrane roof is about 50 years.
The absolute tightness provided by this material is achieved due to the fact that the sheets are welded overlapping using hot air, forming a reliable seam and the integrity of the coating. This installation method allows the membrane to be used at any time of the year and significantly speeds up the roof installation process.
In what cases is membrane roofing used?
Membrane roofing is ideal for both used and unused flat roofs, for example, in modern multi-storey residential buildings, industrial enterprises, warehouses, and shopping centers.
It is less common in low-rise cottage construction. This is partly due to the fairly high price, partly due to the traditional sloping architecture of the roofs of private households, for which sheet roofing materials are more suitable.
A properly designed and faultlessly operated flat membrane roof requires virtually no maintenance or repair, only regular monitoring for clogging of the drainage system.
- It is light in weight and does not place much load on the building's supporting supports and foundation. The thickness of the membrane varies from 0.8 to 2 mm, on average the weight of 1 m2 of this material does not exceed 1.5 kg;
- A wide choice of roll lengths and widths allows you to select the optimal amount of material to minimize joints and the number of seams.
Advantages and disadvantages of the material
The advantages that distinguish the membrane on the market are:
- ease of installation and speed of installation;
- durability;
- resistance to aggressive external environments, withstands temperatures down to -60 degrees;
- high strength of the coating, while maintaining elasticity;
- vapor permeability, eliminating the appearance of moisture and condensation accumulation;
- Possibility of installation on uneven surfaces, including old roofing;
- fire resistance, membranes are non-flammable material and meet all fire safety standards.
The main disadvantage of a membrane roof is its price, which significantly exceeds, for example, the cost of a bitumen-polymer roof.
However, the durability will more than pay for the expensive cost of the material. Thus, bitumen coating becomes unusable after 2-3 years and requires repair. With a membrane, you can be sure that it will not require repair, much less replacement, for 40-50 years.
Roofing with PVC membrane
Modern roofing material, which, of course, is a membrane, must not only protect the room from rain and wind, but also retain heat in it, remove excess moisture, which will prevent the development of mold and mildew. The roof, along with the foundation, is the most important element in the structure; it is responsible for its functionality and durability.
Experts have introduced the concept of “roofing pie”, which assumes the presence of three main components: vapor barrier, insulation and waterproofing. There may be more layers, depending on the type of roof and its purpose.
Scheme for membrane roofing
1- The base is in this case a profiled sheet.
2- Vapor barrier. It is a vapor barrier film that serves to prevent moisture or condensation from entering the insulation layer from the room.
3- Thermal insulation - bottom layer. The most common material for insulation or thermal insulation is mineral wool. Extruded polystyrene foam and glass wool are also used.
4- Thermal insulation - top layer. The division of insulation into two layers is not accidental; the top one acts as a load distributor and is usually made of higher density mineral wool.
5- Telescopic fastener.
6- Roofing membrane.
Roofing pie over old roof
Another undoubted advantage of the membrane is the ability to use it on almost any surface; in other words, it does not require mandatory leveling. Therefore, it is very convenient to use for repairing or updating the roof.
Below are two examples of a roofing pie without dismantling the old coating using a PVC membrane.
With leveling and insulation
- The base is an old roof;
- vapor barrier;
- thermal insulation material;
- separation layer (geotextile);
- PVC membrane.
Without leveling and insulation
This is only possible if the old roof is flat and has insulation.
- Base - existing roof covering;
- separation layer (high-density geotextile);
- PVC membrane.
The cake for a flat roof depends directly on its purpose (whether it is used or not), however, in any case, the main layers will remain unchanged: vapor barrier, thermal insulation and waterproofing.
Technology for installing a PVC membrane roof using the heat-welded method
The installation of a PVC membrane roof must be done in dry weather, and the base on which it is mounted must also be completely dry.
It is often used on flat roofs, and the sequence of work is as follows:
- Anything that could interfere with work (advertising signs, antennas, debris) is removed from the roof;
- if necessary, the old roof covering is repaired or completely dismantled;
- vapor barrier material is laid with overlaps and all seams are taped;
- Next, a layer of insulation is placed (mineral wool, polystyrene foam, etc.)
- PVC membrane sheets with an overlap of 15 cm are fixed onto the prepared base. If you need to fasten it to a wooden sheathing, then telescopic fasteners with a self-tapping screw will do; for concrete surfaces you will need the same fastening elements, but only with dowel nails;
- the required number of fastenings is calculated individually for each roof, and depends on the climatic conditions of the region and the design of the roof itself;
- When the entire roof is closed and fixed, the joints of the material are welded with a stream of hot air using special equipment. The welding machine nozzle should be at an angle of 45 degrees;
Tip: before starting work, the equipment should be warmed up to 550 degrees. And before you start working directly with the roof, it is recommended to practice on small pieces of PVC membrane. But there are also membrane roofs that can only be connected with glue or adhesive tapes intended for this purpose.
- after the roofing material is caught by hot air, it must be immediately rolled with a silicone roller;
- There is no need to rush, and after the first section of the connection is made, you need to check its quality. When trying to rip a seam by hand:
- the material has torn along the seam - this means that too high a temperature was used;
- no seam - temperature too low;
- the rupture occurred near the seam - the work was done efficiently.
For clarity, below is a video about laying a PVC membrane roof.
Ballast method of installing a PVC membrane roof
This method is applicable only on flat roofs with a maximum slope of up to 10%. It consists in the fact that the membrane fixed to the fasteners is covered with geotextiles and evenly filled with ballast. The material used is gravel or greenery.
Fastening a PVC sheet roof with glue
This method is similar to the mechanical one, with the only difference that to seal the joints of the material, not welding equipment is used, but a special construction adhesive.
Manufacturers and prices
Russian manufacturers
Manufacturer TechnoNIKOL
LOGICROOF. A three-layer PVC membrane is produced. A special layer is created on its surface containing a high concentration of ultraviolet ray absorbers.
Manufacturer Stroyplastpolymer
Roofing. Waterproofing material is available in two types:
A - two-layer very durable film with reinforcement, used as roofing material;
G - has 2 layers, suitable for waterproofing work.
Plastfoil. This is a membrane consisting of three main components:
- stabilizers, plasticizers and flame retardants;
- fabric with a complex weave of polyester thread;
- PVC dark color.
Plastfoil is highly flammable and prevents the spread of flame over the roof surface; it is used on roofs with increased fire safety requirements.
Foreign manufacturers
Manufacturer: Renolit SE (Belgium)
Alkorplan. Polymer roofing waterproofing material based on PVC. It is characterized by high strength. It is not flammable, does not rot, and is not exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Service life - more than 50 years.
Manufacturer Sika (Switzerland)
Sikaplan. A reinforced PVC membrane made of several layers, resistant to UV radiation, excellent for waterproofing roofs.
Manufacturer ICOPAL (Netherlands)
Monarplan. A modern material consisting of a single layer of PVC membrane, designed for waterproofing flat roofs in any climate zone.
Manufacturer Ruvitex (Bulgaria)
Ruvimat. Polymer waterproofing material based on PVC. Highly durable, UV stable, fireproof. Service life - more than 50 years.
The approximate price per square meter of PVC membrane from a foreign manufacturer ranges from $15 to $25 per square meter. Russian manufacturers offer lower prices, about $8-10. This cost does not include installation work, as well as the cost of other materials for the roofing pie.
Selecting a contractor
Membrane roofing is an innovative product and requires certain knowledge and skills when installing. Therefore, it is not recommended to install it yourself. This work is best left to specialists with experience and the necessary tools.
Considering the fact that the membrane is a material that has recently appeared on the Russian market, and is not yet as widespread as, for example, in Europe, there are few companies that can truly professionally install PVC membrane roofing.
When choosing them, you should pay attention to:
The price for installing a PVC membrane roof cannot be low; it is also an indicator of the professionalism of the contractor. It varies between $3-15 per square meter, and depends on the complexity of the roof structure, time of year, surface condition, selected material, etc. Experienced work producers can cover up to 1000 sq.m. in one working day. roofs.
The table, for clarity, shows the cost of work by one of the construction companies.
One of the advantages of working with a contractor is full support: the performing company takes all measurements, advises on materials, and gives advice on its design. And most importantly, the contractor provides a guarantee for his work, and, if necessary, performs warranty and post-warranty service.
Possibilities of PVC roofing
In addition to high technology, membrane roofing provides an opportunity for creativity and the implementation of interesting ideas on the roof.
For example, you can put an advertising slogan or company name on the membrane if the roof is being manufactured for an industrial enterprise or warehouse. Thus, the roof will become not just a reliable protector from the weather, but also a place to express individuality.
Or, instead of ballast, use turf, which can create a beautiful “green” roof.
Today we’ll talk about how to make a problem-free flat roof. Problem-free – means its manufacturability, ease of construction and operation without leaks for many years.
We have already shown one of our works, which we performed using a PVC roofing membrane -.
PVC and TPO roofing membranes - installation, advantages and disadvantages
PVC and TPO membranes– these are relatively new roofing materials on our market, designed to provide roof waterproofing for a long time, photo 1.
In this article we will consider PVC and TPO membranes, their differences and general properties.
Photo 1. Implementation of membrane roofs
Roofing materials PVC and TPO membranes and their installation technology appeared in the 60s of the 20th century in Western Europe, and are now increasingly widespread in Canada, the USA and Europe, as well as in the CIS countries.
In the construction market of roofing materials, PVC and TPO membranes are represented by the following manufacturers:
- Fatrafol (Czech Republic);
- Alcorplan (Belgium);
- Bauder (Germany, Austria);
- Protan (Norway);
- Mapeplan (Italy);
- Sikaplan (Sika, Switzerland);
- Flagon (Italy);
- Firestone (USA);
- Logikroof (Germany);
- Ruvimat (Bulgaria).
PVC membrane – This is a thin single-layer or double-layer roofing material made from ethylene and chlorine, namely:
- plasticized PVC (polyvinyl chloride);
- various polyesters (they are a reinforcing mesh to give rigidity and strength to the product);
- plasticizers (up to 40%);
- stabilizers;
- UV inhibitors;
- biocides.
The thickness of the PVC sheet is 0.8...2 mm, width 1...1.5 m, specific gravity 1...1.5 kg/m 2. The roll length is usually 10...20 m, but sometimes up to 50 m. PVC membrane is used as a roofing material for various roof structures, photo 2. PVC membrane is produced in different colors and shades, photo 3.
Based on the manufacturer Bauder (Germany), we present the main parameters of the PVC membrane in tabular form, table 1.
Photo 2. Roofing using PVC membrane
Photo 3. Membrane colors
Main parameters of PVC membranemanufacturer Bauder (Germany)
Table 1
Advantages of PVC membranes
- high elasticity and thermoplasticity;
- high resistance to UV radiation;
- vapor-permeable material;
- material resistant to vegetation growth through the membrane;
- durability – at least 30 years;
- high tensile strength;
Disadvantages of PVC membrane
- low resistance to solvents and organic oils (toluene, gasoline);
- low resistance to bitumen and polystyrene materials;
- contains volatile substances that leave the material over time and thereby worsen the properties of PVC membranes;
- high cost (the cost of a PVC membrane is approximately $6 per 1 m2).
– this is a thin single-layer rolled roofing material made on the basis of thermoplastic polyolefins (polyolefins are a mixture of ethylene-propylene rubber (70%) and polypropylene (30%)), photo. 4 . To add strength to TPO membranes, reinforcing fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester mesh is introduced. TPO membranes also include:
- flame retardants;
- pigment;
- UV inhibitors.
The thickness of the membranes is 1.2...2.4 mm, the width of the roll is 1...1.5 m; roll length – 10...30 m. The main properties and parameters of the TPO membrane are given in table 2 and table. 3 based on the German manufacturer Bauder.
Photo 4. TPO membrane (thermoplastic polyolefin reinforced membrane)
table 2
Table 3
Advantages of TPO membrane
- high durability of the material (40...50 years);
- environmentally friendly material (does not contain volatile substances);
- high resistance to negative temperatures (retains its elastic properties down to -55°C). Thermoplastic material;
- high strength of the material;
- material resistant to bitumen and polystyrene materials;
- It is possible to lay the material in winter.
Disadvantages of TPO membrane
- more rigid material compared to PVC membrane;
- high cost of material.
The most common colors of TPO and PVC membranes are gray and white.
PVC-TPO membrane
To achieve the maximum effect from two roofing materials, they are combined by welding, and then it turns out PVC-TPO membrane .
PVC–TPO membrane At the installation site, two sheets 1.5...2.5 m wide are welded into one layer using hot air heated by special equipment to a temperature of 400...600°C. The unique chemical composition of PVC and TPO membranes allows welding to produce a very strong seam (almost identical to a homogeneous material).
Advantages of PVC-TPO roofing membranes
- Long service life - 30...50 years (about 2...3 service life of euroroofing material).
- Vapor-permeable coating (it is calculated that 1 m2 of membrane allows 200 ml of water vapor to pass through it at a temperature of 18°C or more in 24 hours).
- PVC-TPO membranes can be installed in both cold and hot weather.
- High strength material.
- Low weight on the roof or building structure (PVC-TPO membrane is 5...6 times lighter than 2 layers of built-up roofing material).
- The membrane material does not support the combustion process.
- The membranes are easily welded, creating a high-strength homogeneous seam (the strength of the seam exceeds the strength of the roofing membrane).
Disadvantages of PVC-TPO roofing membranes
The main disadvantage of PVC-TPO membranes is their high cost, but over the service life, due to the lack of in-line and major repairs, a membrane roof can pay for itself several times over.
Application area of membranes
PVC and TPO membranes are used in most cases for flat, horizontal or slightly sloping roofs.
Roofing membranes are produced in large quantities with different modifications, which are used in narrow specific conditions of roof operation. For example, the manufacturer Flagon produces the following PVC and TPO membranes and their modifications, table 4.
Table 4
To facilitate installation work on laying PVC and TPO membranes, manufacturers also supply the market with additional waterproofing elements for the most problematic areas of the roof, namely waterproofing corners, exhaust and chimney pipes, etc. photo.5.
Photo 5. Additional waterproofing elements when working with PVC/TPO membranes: a) PVC element “external corner”; b) PVC element “internal corner”; c) PVC elements for sealed joints between pipes and masts; d) PVC and TPO funnels for draining water from the roof; e) different types of additional elements and examples of working with them
Entire roofing systems have been developed based on PVC and TPO membranes, for example:
- ballasted roofing system;
- mechanically fastened roofing system;
- adhesive roofing system;
- green roof system.
Roofing systems
The ballasted roofing system consists of the following layers, photo 6:
- Base.
- Vapor barrier layer.
- A layer of thermal insulation.
- PVC or TPO membrane.
- Protective covering made of geotextile.
- Ballast layer (specific gravity not less than 50...80 kg/m2).
Photo 6. Ballasted roofing system
The PVC or TPO membrane in the ballast system is attached to the base only at the edges of the roof and at the joints, photo. 7. Gravel and crushed stone of a fraction of 20...40 mm, pebbles, concrete blocks, and paving slabs are used as ballast.
The ballasted roofing system is used on roofs with a slope of no more than 10°.
Photo 7. Attaching the TPO membrane
A mechanically fastened roofing system consists of a top layer of PVC (TPO) membrane that is laid over a layer of thermal insulation, photo 8. All layers of the roofing system are attached mechanically - with a special fastening to a different base, for example, corrugated sheets or concrete, photo 9. A feature of this system is its low weight and high laying rate - up to 500...700 m 2 per shift.
Basically, a mechanically fastened roofing system consists of the following layers:
- Base.
- Vapor barrier layer.
- A layer of thermal insulation.
- Top layer of PVC or TPO membrane.
Photo 8. Mechanically fastened roofing system: with geotextile (left) and without geotextile - standard option (right)
Photo 9. Roofing system with mechanical fastening to: a) corrugated sheeting; b) concrete
Mechanically fastened roofing systems are used under the following conditions:
- when the use of heavy types of roofing is excluded (for example, it is not possible to use a ballast roofing system);
- in the absence of a system of drains and parapets on the roof;
- at a roof angle of no more than 10° (disc holders with a pitch of 200 mm are used for fastening).
Adhesive roofing system
The adhesive roofing system involves fastening all layers of roofing elements, in particular the membrane, using a special glue.
The green roof system is a modern system that involves planting plants on the roof, photo 10.
Photo 10. Green roof system
Roofing membrane laying technology
- To ensure a strong, hermetically sealed connection between the PVC or TPO membrane sheets, they are laid with an overlap, photo 11:
- from the side – at least 120 mm;
- from the end - at least 70 mm.
- The membrane should be laid out according to the options presented in the diagram cm. photo12.
- The direction of installation of the membrane should be selected according to photo 13.
- The general scheme for welding PVC sheets and TPO membranes to each other is shown in photo 14. Welding equipment can be manually or automatically controlled, photo 15. The general technology for welding membranes is given in photo 16. You can check the quality of the weld seams using a screwdriver, as shown in photo 17.
- Options for attaching PVC sheets and TPO membranes are shown on photo 18.
- You can determine the required number of fasteners for a specific area using photo 19.
- If, when replacing the roofing material on the roof, there is no possibility (or desire) to remove the old bitumen roofing or those roofing materials to which the PVC membrane is not resistant, then in such cases it is necessary to use an insulating layer of geotextile or fiberglass. But at the same time you will have to increase the cost of additional material:
- geotextiles – 0.95…1.15 €/m2;
- fiberglass - 0.5...0.7 €/m2.
- PVC and TPO membranes should be stored at a temperature of -20...+30°C, according to the diagram shown on photo 20.
Photo 11. Diagram of the overlap of PVC sheets and TPO membranes
Photo 12. Layout options for PVC and TPO membranes
Photo 13. Choosing the direction of laying the membrane relative to the direction of the roof slope
Photo 14. General scheme for welding PVC sheets and TPO membranes
Photo 15. Welding of PVC/TPO membranes: a) with a manually operated device (for example Leister Triac); b) an automatically controlled device (for example, Leister Variant)
Photo 16. General technology for welding PVC and TPO membranes
Photo 17. Visual inspection of the quality of the weld seam
Photo 18. Options for attaching PVC sheets and TPO membranes
Photo 19. Determining the required number of fasteners
Photo 20. Storage of roofing materials made of PVC and TPO membranes
Publication prepared by an expert
Konev Alexander Anatolievich
If you don’t have time to read our publications right now, subscribe to updates and we will send notifications of new notes to your email
The roof is one of the main components of the building, because the conditions that will be created indoors in the future depend on high-quality roofing work. Therefore, the choice of roofing material must be approached with special attention and responsibility. One of the most modern roofing materials is a coating based on polyvinyl chloride - PVC membrane.
PVC membrane device
PVC membrane- this is the latest waterproofing material, which is used in roofing, covering swimming pools, terraces and other buildings. The main component of the material is polyvinyl chloride, which over many years of operation has proven itself to be an excellent component in construction.
To give flexibility to the coating, polyvinyl chloride plasticized and then two layers of PVC are connected with one layer of polyester reinforcing mesh, which gives the membrane additional strength and is responsible for the absence of shrinkage over time. The thickness of the coating does not exceed 2 mm, and the average weight is 1 square. m of membrane is 1.5 kg.
Advantages of PVC membrane
- PVC membrane, despite its thinness, stable to mechanical damage;
- no reactions to exposure to ultraviolet rays;
- does not enter into reaction with acids and salts;
- has exceptional waterproofing qualities, which arise due to the roof covering with one welded sheet material;
- has high vapor permeability, eliminating the occurrence of fungus and mold;
- the membrane is made of non-flammable material that makes the roof fire resistant;
- the coating does not contain substances harmful to the human body;
- no special requirements service after installation;
- service life up to 50 years;
- easy and quick installation regardless of weather conditions without mandatory deletion old coating;
- relative cheapness production;
- wide range of coating colors.
The main disadvantages include more high price 1 sq. m of PVC membranes compared to traditional bitumen materials. At the same time, when used over a large coverage area, the durability of PVC and the speed of installation make the final cost of roofing work up to 2 times lower than similar ones using bitumen coatings.
Below are comparative characteristics use of bitumen material and PVC membrane:
| Characteristic | Bitumen coating | PVC membrane covering |
| Material weight per 1 sq. m, kg | 2−5 | 1,5 |
| Flexibility, % | 0 | 14−20% |
| Service life, years | up to 8 | up to 50 |
| Manufacturer's warranty, years | 5 | from 10 to 15 |
| Material consumption per 1 sq. m, layers | 2 | 1 |
| Cost of 1 sq. m, r. | from 55 | from 140 |
| Average cost of work per 1 sq. m, r. | from 170 | from 150 |
| Welding method | Open fire | Hot air |
| Coverage speed per shift, 1 sq. m | up to 300 | up to 1000 |
| Weather conditions during installation | Dry weather and positive air temperature | Any weather conditions and seasons |
Characteristics of PVC roofing membranes
About the features of using PVC membranes as roofing material, we can say that thanks to its structure, this coating recreates the effect of human skin: by allowing evaporation to pass out, it does not give the slightest chance of air and precipitation from the atmosphere getting inside the room, thereby emphasizing its exceptional waterproofing properties.
The ability to use large-width rolls, minimize welding seams and use various configurations on surfaces sets this type of roofing apart from other coatings, and makes it so popular for use on large roofs:
- shopping centers;
- warehouses;
- transport enterprises, etc.
The materials used in the production of PVC membranes have high technical and performance properties, which allows the coating to be used in one layer.
The table below shows the average technical characteristics of PVC membranes:
Manufacturers and prices
Despite the fact that PVC roofing membranes have become widespread in our state relatively recently, the consumer is provided with sufficient choice materials from manufacturers in different countries.
Among the domestic ones, we can distinguish two large manufacturers that have proven themselves in the roofing coatings market:
- TechnoNIKOL Corporation, which produces coatings under the LOGICROOF brand;
- OJSC "Stroyplastpolymer", which produces waterproofing roofing materials "Krovlelon" and "Plastofil".
Since foreign manufacturers are more widely represented in this area, before purchasing a membrane coating you need to carefully consider their choice. Leaders in the production of polyvinyl chloride membrane roofing materials are noted in the table:
| Manufacturer's name | A country | Coating brand | a brief description of |
| Renolit SE | Belgium | Alkorplan | Polymer material is highly resistant to fire, rotting and ultraviolet rays. Service life - at least 50 years. |
| Sika | Switzerland | Sikaplan | Reinforced multi-layer PVC covering, ideal for large roofing areas |
| ICOPAL | Netherlands | Monarplan | Single-layer material suitable for roofing in all climatic conditions |
| Ruvitex | Bulgaria | Ruvimat | PVC membrane, characterized by increased service life and high waterproofing qualities |
If it is difficult to divide manufacturers into any categories based on the quality of their products, and the choice between domestic or foreign coating is not so obvious, then price roofing materials made from PVC membranes directly depends on the country of origin. For example, at a cost of 1 sq. m of roofing from a foreign manufacturer 350 rub. and higher, similar products from a domestic manufacturer will cost the consumer only 250 rubles. The cost of roofing work, regardless of the material you choose, will depend only on the region and contractor's prices. It is worth noting that work with PVC membranes should be trusted only to professional roofers who have special equipment and experience in installing this material.
Installation of roofing PVC membrane
Installation roofing, it is necessary to begin, first of all, with measuring the surface and preparing it for work. If there is an old covering on the roof, it is necessary to remove all bumps, stones and debris from it. After this, a lining made of geotextiles, which will protect the membrane from the uneven layer of the initial coating. Next, in strict accordance with the installation plan, a layer of PVC membrane is rolled out and secured at the edges with special fasteners. The layers of coating are stacked together overlap by 15 cm, after which they are glued together.
For installation of PVC membrane it is used welding technology hot air, for which special welding equipment for thermoplastic roofing work is used. Welding occurs at a temperature of 550 °C, under which the two parts instantly stick together and form a single layer, which is not inferior in strength to the rest of the coating surface.
In hard-to-reach places, where the covering is adjacent to other roof elements, or corners, for gluing a heat gun is used.
Roof repair is a rather labor-intensive process, but the emergence of new technologies and innovative materials, such as PVC roofing membranes, makes it possible to increase the planned replacement interval to 50 years, and installation speed allows you to cover up to 1000 sq. m of surface with a PVC roofing membrane in one shift at a price that will ultimately be lower than when using conventional bituminous materials.
Reviews
Two years ago, after reading a lot of information about PVC membrane roofing, I decided to use it for the roof in the garage. For this, I chose the inexpensive “Plastofil” (355 rubles/1 sq. m). In the same store where I bought a roll of covering, I was advised to have a team of roofers who charge 160 rubles per 1 sq. m. for the work. m. The speed of work was impressive. We agreed that the guys would start at 9 am, so, having started a little late, they finished by 11 o’clock and invited me to take over the work! What to say - with an old bitumen roof can't compare! Now you can safely look for this roof in photographs from space, because it really differs from all the roofs that are nearby.
For two years in the garage, which before changing the covering during the rain was like a sieve, I did not see not a bit excess moisture, and, most importantly, the windows in the car stopped freezing and fogging up. I recommend it to all car enthusiasts who are thinking about repairing the roof of their garage!
I can tell you about the coverage Sikaplan not by hearsay, since at work (food warehouses) the boss finally decided to repair the old leaky roof. I can’t say why he chose this particular company, but now all the neighboring warehouses also rushed to cover their roofs with this material.
The guys who arrived for one day We did what we thought we would have to do for a month! I, as the person in charge of fire safety, first of all demanded that they provide all the documents for compliance with the requirements on this issue. It turned out that now our roof is covered with a non-flammable film, and you can even light a fire on it! Pleasant blue color, no seams, and most importantly - doesn't flow! Literally the next day after the renovation, such a thunderstorm broke out that the storm drains in the houses couldn’t cope, and the warehouse was dry!
Therefore, for those who are thinking about repairing the roof, I advise you to take a closer look at a material such as PVC membrane. Repair speed and reliability verified! The only downside I can note is that the price is steep compared to bitumen.
About half a century ago, as a result of research in the field of polymer chemistry and the rapid growth of the chemical industry, the roofing materials market was replenished with a fundamentally new type of roofing and waterproofing materials - polymer roofing materials.
Advantages of polymer roofing coverings
The main requirements for roofing coatings are durability and reliability. Since roofing work is quite expensive, any homeowner prefers to choose a coating that will not require repairs for as long as possible. Coatings that are created on the basis of polymer materials have gained popularity in record time due to their unique quality characteristics. Their main advantages are:
- elasticity;
- reliability;
- excellent strength characteristics;
- protection from stretching and puncture;
- ability to adapt to a wide variety of climate conditions;
- ease of installation and operation;
- long service life without the need for repair work.
Membrane roofing based on polymers
Soft roofs made without a rigid top screed require mechanical fastening of a layer of insulation and waterproofing. Based on their properties, basic installation methods, weight, roll sizes, and fire safety requirements, polymer membranes are ideal for creating soft roofs of considerable size.
In terms of the price of the material, together with installation work, polymer membranes are cheaper than two-layer premium polymer-bitumen waterproofing systems, but slightly more expensive than single-layer polymer-bitumen membranes.
To be fair, it should be noted that polymer-bitumen materials also have a number of advantages over polymer-based coatings. The main ones:
- self-healing of punctures and small cuts;
- increased resistance to mechanical damage (due to the thickness and presence of a protective top layer based on stone topping);
- ease of repair (the ability to carry it out without special equipment).
When installing roofs using a rigid screed, it is recommended to use full fusion of polymer-bitumen membranes as they are more resistant during further operation compared to mechanical fastening.
Classification of roofing polymer membranes
Polymer roofing membranes are classified according to the chemical composition of the polymer materials from which they are produced and the method of their production. In modern construction, three types of polymer membranes are used:
- PVC membranes with the addition of special plasticizers;
- TPO membranes, which are based on plastic polyolefins;
- EPDM membranes with ethylene propylene diene monomer.
PVC-based membranes
This variety appeared on the construction market more than 40 years ago and is currently the most popular in Russia. The membrane is based on polyvinyl chloride, to which plasticizers are added to give the material elasticity. Another function of plasticizers is to increase resistance to negative temperatures. To give the membrane significant puncture and tear strength, a special reinforcing base made of polyester mesh is used. These qualities make it possible to fasten the membrane mechanically.
The process of fastening the rolls is carried out in overlaps with further welding using hot air. Welding is carried out using special equipment: welding machines. For flat areas of the roof, automatic and semi-automatic devices are used, and for processing parapets, nodes and inaccessible places, specialized hand-held electric hair dryers are used. This method allows you to create a seam that is stronger than the membrane itself. As a result, all areas of material fastening are in protected areas, thereby creating absolute protection against water penetration.
The main disadvantage of this material is the ability of plasticizers to evaporate over time, as a result of which the membrane loses its elasticity, which has a very negative impact on the quality and performance properties of the coating. Another disadvantage is incompatibility with bitumen.
- PVC membranes are produced in the form of rolls 0.8-2 meters wide;
- their thickness is 1.2-2 mm;
- flammability group – G2;
- service life is approximately 25-30 years.
TPO membranes
This type of membrane belongs to the latest generation of materials based on thermoplastic polyolefins.
They are made from artificial rubbers (ethylene propylene and polypropylene) with the addition of special substances to improve fire resistance and performance properties and do not contain volatile additives. As a result, the material successfully combines the main advantages of rubber and plastic.
- TPO membranes are compatible with bitumen and are more chemically neutral (compared to PVC materials).
- They are durable - they can survive without repair for more than 40 years.
- If necessary, the coating can be repaired.
- TPO membranes are installed using the same method as PVC membranes.
- The material is produced in the form of rolls 1-2 meters wide;
- their thickness ranges from 1.2-2 mm;
- flammability group – G2;
- average service life is 40 years or more (provided that installation and operation rules are followed).
- Speaking about the disadvantages of the material, first of all it is necessary to mention the high price and the possibility of significant linear expansions, which affect the appearance of the roof.
EPDM membranes
Distinctive features of EPDM-based membranes are:
excellent climate resistance,
elasticity,
durability.
Materials based on EPDM are the “oldest” of all polymer roofing coatings. They first appeared overseas (in the States and Canada) more than half a century ago. The kit with the membrane certainly includes additional parts for waterproofing difficult areas:
- special sealants;
- fastening elements for junctions intended for pipes, perimeter reinforcement, corners of shaped products.
The seams are secured using special self-adhesive tapes based on a special EPDM polymer. As a result of using this technology, a strong, uniform monolithic seam is obtained.
Mainly produced unreinforced types of EPDM membranes, which are particularly elastic (relative elongation is 300%).
Production has also been established reinforced varieties of material. They are characterized by increased strength, but less elasticity.
The qualitative characteristics of EPDM membranes make them the most convenient for installing inversion and ballast roof coverings.
The vast majority (90%) of roofs based on this material are ballast: the membrane is laid on the base, the seams are glued, after which the entire roof surface is loaded with ballast material: gravel, pebbles, concrete blocks, paving slabs, crushed stone. Fastening to the base is carried out only along the junctions.
There are certain methods of mechanical fastening or continuous gluing, but their implementation is associated with some difficulties (special technology and special fasteners are required) and, as a result, significant costs.
- The width of EPDM membrane rolls is 3-12 m;
- average material thickness – 1.14 mm;
- length can reach up to 60 m;
- minimum service life is 40 years (without signs of aging).
Self-leveling polymer roofing
When constructing buildings of different types, a variety of types of roofs can be installed, but in any case, their main function will be to maximize the protection of the internal space from the influence of external factors. Among the many materials used as roofing and for waterproofing purposes, self-leveling roofing occupies a special place. Its popularity is due to a number of obvious advantages, the main of which are:
- excellent waterproofing properties;
- strength;
- resistance to sudden temperature changes;
- maintaining properties at very high and extremely low temperatures;
- wear resistance;
- no seams;
- resistance to rotting;
- UV resistance;
- decorative (availability of a wide color spectrum);
- ease of application;
- service life (minimum 15 years).
This technology uses two types of material:
- polymer coating;
- polymer-rubber coating.
Polymer-type coatings have found wider application due to a large number of positive characteristics.
Self-leveling roofing technology is extremely simple: the composition is poured onto a previously prepared base, after which it is evenly distributed using a spatula or roller. The main advantage of self-leveling roofing is the guarantee of absolute tightness. The created polymer coating is characterized by increased elasticity, as a result of which it does not crack during temperature fluctuations and remains solid.
Types of self-leveling roofing
Based on the installation method, self-leveling roofs are divided into three types:
- reinforced;
- combined;
- unreinforced.
The basis of self-leveling reinforced roofing are several integral layers of bitumen-polymer emulsion that contain mesh or reinforced fiberglass.
IN composition of the combined roof includes polymer mastic, waterproofing roll materials, a top layer based on stone chips, gravel, and waterproof paint. Inexpensive rolled materials are used for the lower layers of liquid roofs. The function of the reinforcing layer is performed by the top layer of paint, pebbles or stone.
At its core unreinforced roofing is a continuous covering based on emulsion materials, mastics, applied directly to the roofing base in a layer 1 cm thick.
The first layer is a thin elastic film applied using a hot spray. After cooling, it creates a waterproof coating on which subsequent layers of liquid roofing are laid.
Composition of self-leveling roofing
Polymer roofing is not just a liquid polymer material, but is a whole coating system, which includes:
- polymer composition;
- filler to increase the strength and durability of the coating;
- primer for preliminary preparation of the base for subsequent application of the material;
- reinforcing part - in most cases it is a non-woven material based on polyester fiber or fiberglass.
Currently, polyurethane self-leveling roofing is often used. Its main advantage is the ability to be used on the most difficult roofing areas: around antennas, pipes, air duct outlets, etc.
Thanks to the polyurethane composition, it is possible to create a solid coating resembling rubber. Roofing of this type copes well with the influence of aggressive environmental factors, temperature fluctuations, and has a particularly long service life, which can be significantly increased if polyester fabric is used as a reinforcing component.
The excellent performance characteristics of the material have made polyurethane self-leveling roofs very popular in modern construction.
The use of polyurea in roof repair and construction
One of the varieties of polymer self-leveling materials for the installation and repair of roofs is polyurea, which is an organic polymer that can be used to create waterproof monolithic coatings. When choosing such a coating, increased roof strength is ensured. In terms of stability and wear resistance, it is superior to ceramic tiles, which are widely used as floor covering material.
Polyurea– an excellent material for waterproofing work.
Its main advantages:
- short polymerization time: just an hour after application you can walk on the coating;
- the ability to work in cold climates (up to -15 degrees) and high humidity;
- excellent electrical insulation of the resulting coating;
- increased resistance to ultraviolet radiation and high temperatures;
- fire safety: the material does not support combustion, belongs to the self-extinguishing class;
- duration of operational life;
- environmental friendliness.
CONCLUSIONS:
- Coatings that are created on the basis of polymer materials have gained popularity in record time due to their unique quality characteristics.
- Their main advantages: strength, durability, elasticity, durability, etc.
- Based on their properties, basic installation methods, weight, roll sizes, and fire safety requirements, polymer membranes are ideal for creating soft roofs of considerable size.
- In modern construction, three types of polymer membranes are used: PVC membranes, TPO membranes, EPDM membranes.
- The basis of the PVC membrane is polyvinyl chloride, to which plasticizers are added to give the material elasticity.
- TPO membranes are made from artificial rubbers with the addition of special substances to improve performance properties.
- The seams of EPDM membranes are secured using special self-adhesive tapes based on a special EPDM polymer.
- Polymer self-leveling roofing is essentially the same membrane. The difference is its preparation and application directly to the roof surface.
- The main advantage of self-leveling coating is the guarantee of absolute tightness.
- Based on the installation method, self-leveling roofs are divided into three types: reinforced, combined, unreinforced.
- Polymer roofing is a whole coating system.
- Currently, polyurethane self-leveling roofing is often used.
- One of the varieties of polymer bulk materials is polyurea, which is characterized by stability and wear resistance.
- Its popularity is due to a number of advantages.
How to perform waterproofing using self-leveling roofing, bitumen and mastic, see the video below.
ROOF CONSTRUCTION WITH POLYMER MEMBRANES
Polymer roofing membranes are relatively new innovative roofing materials that are confidently replacing polymer bitumen materials for roofing.
Isotech SPB LLC carries out the full range of work on installing roofs made of polymer membrane materials based on PVC roofing membranes, roofing TPO membranes and roofing EPDM membranes. Roofs are made both with a full profile (with vapor barrier and insulation), and only with roofing polymer membranes.
We carry out the following types of polymer roofing:
- ballast roofs;
- roofs with fastening;
- glued roofs;
- Inversion roofs, incl. exploited and green.
Isotech SPb LLC also performs repair of rolled bitumen roofs with the replacement of polymer bitumen roll roofing materials with polymer membranes. Roof repairs are carried out either with or without removing the existing rolled carpet.
Polymer roofing membranes are roll materials 1.2-4.0 mm thick based on polyvinyl chloride, rubber or thermoplastic oligomers. These are relatively new materials in Russia, which are associated with a modern, effective approach to installing a waterproofing carpet and carrying out roofing work. The technology for creating a roofing carpet from polymer roll materials consists of welding the rolls with hot air, or gluing them at the seams with special adhesives or self-adhesive tapes, which provide a high-quality seam that is stronger than when fused in the case of bituminous materials.
Polymer membranes, regardless of the type of material used, are characterized by high elasticity, resistance to atmospheric and climatic influences over a wide temperature range, and high puncture resistance. Such membranes are much more reliable and durable than bitumen-polymer materials; if the roofing technology is strictly followed, they retain their properties for at least 15-30 years, and sometimes up to 50 years, depending on the thickness and type of material used.
 |
The disadvantage of polymer membranes is their relative high cost, the high cost of equipment for installing polymer roofs, as well as the almost complete absence of specialists in installing polymer roofing membranes. Here we must also add the often lack of awareness of Customers, both in the capabilities of polymer roofs and in the technology of their installation, as well as other conditions unique to Russia. The percentage of polymer membrane roofs in Russia does not exceed 2%. And this despite the fact that it has long been proven that, taking into account operating costs, polymer roofs are 2-3 times cheaper than roll polymer bitumen roofs.
|
Costs for installation and maintenance of the roof for 20 years after the start of operation Blue - polymer bitumen roofing; Brown - bitumen roofing; Red - polymer roofing |
Today in Russia, about 95% of roofs are roll bitumen or polymer bitumen roofs, which are already obsolete. Low durability and other disadvantages of roll roofing based on bituminous materials are well known. The need for significant operating costs for the maintenance of such roofs is also known. These costs over a short period (10-12 years) are usually several times higher than the initial cost of installing rolled bitumen roofs. However, despite the obvious disadvantage of installing and operating roofs made from rolled bitumen materials, their reproduction continues at a massive pace. Every year in Russia about 200 million m2 of such roofs are subject to repair alone. In Europe, the USA, and other developed countries on other continents, they have long begun to massively abandon the installation of roll bitumen-polymer roofs. Work on the creation of these materials has been going on in many countries around the world for many years. Specialists from leading companies were looking for combinations of polymers with long service lives and relatively low prices. As a result, about 50 years ago, the first polymer roofing membranes EPDM - ethylene propylene diene monomer or synthetic rubber - appeared. A little later, the first thermoplastic PVC-polyvinyl chloride membranes appeared, which, unlike EPDM membranes, were not joined by vulcanization, but were welded with hot air, special semi-automatic welding machines and hand-held hair dryers. |
In these countries, roofs made of polymer materials prevail. In 2008, 750,000 tons of polymers were used for the production of polymer roofing membranes. They have especially succeeded here in Austria, Switzerland, and the Czech Republic, where more than 50% of all roofs are polymer. In the US market, polymer coatings have practically replaced traditional roll materials and occupy more than 70% of the roofing market.
Market share of polymer roofing membranes in developed countries of Western Europe
In Western markets, PVC membranes are most widespread - about 60% of all membranes produced, EPDM membranes - about 12% and TPO membranes - about 10%. Moreover, TPO membranes are the most developing part of the market.
In Russia, polymer roofing membranes, primarily made from plyvinyl chloride, began to be used relatively recently, only in the mid-90s. At first, the materials were used only on single construction projects. Foreign contractors and investors who were well familiar with the technology of installing polymer single-layer membranes and their operational advantages most often took part in their design and construction. The use of polymer waterproofing materials in Russia was considered exclusive, even elitist, and the cost of installation work, as well as the cost of the roofing waterproofing materials themselves, offered to the customer in Russia, were clearly overpriced. Domestic builders and contractors at that time did not have sufficient experience in the use of polymer membranes or the necessary equipment for their installation and continued to use traditional bitumen or bitumen-polymer roofing waterproofing materials.
The situation began to change rapidly in 2001-2002. This was due to the general economic growth in the country and the arrival of large international investors and construction companies in Russia, the beginning of the massive construction of international retail chains, the reconstruction of old industrial buildings and the construction of new ones, the construction of office and logistics centers, hotels, car dealerships, etc. using the most modern technologies. Waterproofing, like other building materials, has become subject to increased requirements that meet international standards. Therefore, polymer membranes have become widely used in the construction of objects for various purposes, for waterproofing flat unused and used roofs, with mechanical and ballast methods of fastening to the base. All this contributed to the fact that soon both domestic customers and builders paid special attention to the advantageous features of single-layer polymer membranes. Thus, if in 2001 the volume of consumption of polymer membranes in Russia did not exceed 500,000 m2, then already in 2007 this figure amounted to more than 8.0 million m2.
 |
 |
 |
 |
The roof is one of the most important structural elements of buildings and structures, and the use of high-quality waterproofing materials guarantees their reliability and long service life. Therefore, the use of polymer waterproofing materials in Russia, in conditions of a rapidly growing economy and the construction of facilities using the most modern technologies, has undoubted prospects for membrane manufacturers and contractors. Experts predict that the growth in consumption of polymer roofing membranes in Russia will increase annually by 20-30% and by 2011 will amount to at least 15-17 million m2 per year.
Installation and repair of polymer roofs produced by experienced specialists of Isotech SPb LLCcusing welding equipment from Leister (Switzerland). Roofs based on polymer membranes will allow you to forget about leaks, dampness and destruction of walls in the premises for many years. We guarantee reliability, quality roof installation and absence of risk during work. The warranty on roof niches is 3-10 years, depending on the materials used.
We work in any region of Russia.