Garden chrysanthemum is a perennial plant. This flower is native to Southern Europe and North America. The name of the plant is translated from Greek as “golden flower”: chrysos – “gold” and anthos – “flower.”
This plant belongs to the Asteraceae family. Some species are frost-resistant and bloom until late autumn. The plant is quite drought-resistant. The height of the stems reaches up to 1.5 meters, the minimum size is up to 15 centimeters.
This page presents perennial garden chrysanthemums, their varieties with photos and the rules for planting plants and their subsequent care.
Varieties of garden perennial chrysanthemum (with photo)
Among the main varieties of garden chrysanthemum, the following can be distinguished. they are presented with a description and photo, from which you can get a preliminary idea of their decorative properties.
Look at the photo of the soda perennial chrysanthemum variety to know how you can effectively and quickly decorate your garden plot.
"Wally Roof"
The flowers are fluffy, pink-lilac. The shape is flat, up to 6-8 centimeters in diameter. Blooms in late September - October.
"A swan song"
The flowers are white-pink, fluffy, flat in shape, up to 5-6 centimeters in diameter. The bush reaches a height of up to 45 centimeters. In the center of the flower the petals are snow-white, closer to the ends they acquire a pink tint as they bloom. The plant produces flowers from late summer to mid-October.
"Mascot"
This is a semi-double variety with small flowers. The bush is small, reaching a height of up to 25 centimeters. The flower is flat, pink-raspberry in color, approximately 2 centimeters in diameter. It blooms from the end of July until frost.
"Alexandrite"
This is an early semi-double variety, individual flowers are double. The bush reaches a height of 35-40 centimeters. The center of the flower has a yellow-pink tint, and its edges are almost white. The flower reaches five centimeters in diameter. Flowering period: August to mid-October.
"Golden Orpheus"
The plant of this variety has very large double flowers with a diameter of up to 6 centimeters. The flowers are golden in color.
"Varvara"
The bush has a straight stem, up to 30 centimeters high. The flowers of the plant are semi-double, lilac-pink in color, darker in the center, snow-white at the edges. The diameter of the flower is 4-4.5 centimeters. Flowering period - late August - early September.
"Zarnitsa"
Pompom variety, small-flowered. The flowers are red-brown in color. It blooms from mid-September until frost.
The variety is semi-double, small-flowered. The flower in the central part is yellow, and the edges are raspberry-lilac, up to 5-6 centimeters in diameter. Flowering period - mid-August - October.
"Aurora"
The flowers of the plant are orange, 8-10 centimeters in diameter, flat in shape. The plant grows to 70-80 centimeters in length. The leaves are dark green, medium in size. Blooms in September-October.
"Altgold"
The bush of the plant is small, up to 60 centimeters in height. The flowers are densely double, golden-yellow in color, 5-7 centimeters in diameter, flat in shape. The leaves are dark green in color and small in size. Flowering period - late August - October.
Planting and caring for garden perennial chrysanthemums
This garden flower is not very demanding on soil; any soil that is permeable and enriched with nutrients is suitable for it. However, the flower does not like to be replanted in the same place.
Planting of garden perennial chrysanthemums can be carried out in winter in an apartment for seedlings and in the fall by sowing in the ground. The plant does well when the soil contains peat or compost.
It should be remembered that feeding this plant with fertilizers containing nitrogen will speed up the process of growth of the stem and inflorescence, and a lack of nitrogen will lead to inhibition of flower development.
Phosphorus fertilizers accelerate the flowering process, and potassium fertilizers have a beneficial effect on the frost resistance of the flower.
On average, per square meter of flower bed, up to five buckets of manure, 35 grams of ammonium nitrate, 100 grams of superphosphate and 50 grams of potassium magnesia are added to the soil before planting.
In addition, once a week the plant is fed with a mixture of mineral fertilizers. Before planting a flower, the bed should be dug to a depth of 30 centimeters, adding 1 sq. a meter, two or three buckets of peat.
The bed for planting perennial garden chrysanthemums should not be wide - approximately 1-1.2 meters. Be sure to level the ground well to avoid water pooling on it when watering.
It is advisable to water the bed right before planting the plant. For 1 sq. per meter it is allowed to plant up to 55 single-flowered plants of this species.
Chrysanthemum grows quite quickly - approximately four months pass from the moment of planting to the start of flowering. But at the same time, an important point is to comply with the condition that the soil under the plant must be moist.
Caring for perennial garden chrysanthemums includes a number of agrotechnical measures aimed at maintaining good structure and nutritional value of the soil mixture.
Initially, after planting, it is advisable to water garden chrysanthemums with extreme caution and not too often. The plant needs moisture most when the buds appear. It is at this time that it is recommended to water frequently and abundantly.
The flower prefers not so much warmth as a constant certain temperature of the surrounding air. In the first time after planting, the temperature should be 18 degrees Celsius if it is sunny outside, and 16 degrees if it is cloudy outside.
The flower feels especially good if in the first month the air temperature does not fall below 15 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is lower, the process of development of sleepy buds will be disrupted, and accordingly the flowering period will be disrupted.
When buds form, the preferred temperature during the day and night is 16 degrees Celsius, and the flowering period of the bud is 12-13 degrees Celsius.
Of course, such a temperature regime can only be achieved by keeping the plant in greenhouse conditions, promptly placing flowers in shaded places or organizing ventilation and spraying the buds with water.
The color, size, shape of the flower, and stem height depend not so much on the variety of chrysanthemum, but on the process of growing the flower.
So, for example, a large flower on a long stalk can be obtained by pinching the moment when the plant reaches a height of 15 centimeters, and pinching should be done again later in order to remove the first bud of the crown, from which, as a rule, Quality flowers are not produced. Only the second bud of the crown is left to bloom.
Small-flowered chrysanthemums are pinched once to remove the buds of young plants that have grown to 18-20 centimeters in length.
To prevent the plant from bending or breaking, it is recommended to tie it to a wire or using pegs, and it is best to install a net along the rows of the flower garden.
The first mesh can be attached at a height of 20 centimeters above the ground, and the second at a height of 40 centimeters, naturally, when the plant reaches this mark.
When the flowers grow even more, it is advisable to raise the second grid to another level.
Everyone knows that chrysanthemums are autumn flowers, however, if certain conditions are met, you can observe their attractiveness throughout the year.
This plant prefers shortened days, in other words, it feels comfortable when the daylight hours are 13 hours. Knowing this feature of the flower, with the help of fluorescent lamps and placing the plant in a shaded place, natural lighting conditions can be adjusted from time to time.
The most popular and easiest way to propagate garden flowers is cuttings. Cuttings are prepared from the top of the plant. They should have 3-4 leaves.
The length of the cutting should be 6-8 centimeters. It is advisable to cut the cutting when it has not yet become woody, retreating 1-2 millimeters under the lower leaf node.
When the cuttings have roots, which happens in the spring, they should be transplanted into pots, and it is recommended to place the pots in ridges in a greenhouse.
Chrysanthemum is the oldest ornamental plant known to mankind. The legendary Confucius wrote about these amazing flowers. And the Japanese created a real cult from chrysanthemum. Only members of the ruling dynasty of the land of the rising sun could wear robes with the image of a sacred flower.
In Europe, growing garden perennial chrysanthemums became fashionable only in the 19th century. The luxurious plant instantly gained popularity and well-deserved love from gardeners.
Types of delicate flower
In the climatic conditions of our country, perennial hybrids and annual chrysanthemums, familiar to gardeners under the general name “Korean (or Chinese) chrysanthemum,” are mainly used for breeding. What's good about this view?
- It is resistant to cold
- Has long flowering
- Has excellent decorative qualities
After cutting, Chinese chrysanthemum can maintain its freshness and attractive appearance for up to 30 days, which is very important when composing bouquets.
Queen of Autumn has more than 200 varieties; they are classified into several groups:
By inflorescence diameter
- Large-flowered (from 10 cm).
- Small-flowered (up to 10 cm).
According to the shape of the inflorescences
- Single and double row. In the center of the inflorescences there are tubular flowers, they are bordered by reed flowers arranged in one or two rows.
- Semi-double. Numerous reed flowers form more than three rows in the basket.
- Anemoids. The inflorescence of a chrysanthemum looks like an anemone flower.
- Pompons. The umbrella consists of numerous reed-shaped flowers and forms an original design that looks like a small pompom.
- Terry. A lush inflorescence is formed from reed flowers of various types and shapes.
According to the height and shape of the bush
♦ Borders. These low-growing bush chrysanthemums occupy a special place in the list of the most beautiful garden flowers. Flowers-crumbs, despite their 30 cm height (or even less), independently form the ideal ball shape in their bushes, without requiring any additional adjustments. The best varieties:
- Mascot. The plant with its bright, even provocative flowers of raspberry-beet color will become the highlight of the garden plot.
- Evening lights. Dazzling flashes of piercing scarlet petals will create the feeling of a real holiday fireworks display.
- Varvara. It will add calmness and help to slightly mute an overly bright flower bed with its inflorescences with delicate, lilac-lilac shade.
♦ Medium height. Medium-sized garden chrysanthemums, perennial varieties or hybrids of which have a height of 30-50 cm, will help bring any phytodesigner’s idea to life. Indeed, among the plants of this series you can find all the rich color scheme inflorescences. Flowers of this category look great in single-row clumps (large flower groups) and flower beds. The best varieties:
- Lelia. A spectacularly beautiful variety with rich dark crimson inflorescences will become a bright accent in any flower arrangement.
- Dune. Chrysanthemum-sorceress. Unobtrusive, subdued yellow-brown flowers change their color to golden yellow as they bloom.
- Zorka. One of the most beautiful varieties. Double inflorescences are yellow-brown with a copper tint. Such flowers create a slightly sad and romantic feeling of velvet autumn.
♦ Tall. The garden perennial bush chrysanthemum can be a real giant and grow up to a meter. Large species must be additionally strengthened with supports (wooden pegs, metal frames or mesh can be used). Supports are installed when planting plants. As they grow, the shoots are carefully tied to supports. Strong and well-developed bushes with bright flowers are ideal for zoning a large space. The best varieties:
- Rosetta's daughter. Chrysanthemum with flat inflorescences of white and pink shade will fill the garden with sensuality and enchanting romance.
- Umka. The dazzling, snow-white flowers have the appearance of a pompom. A strong, profusely flowering plant, it is highly resistant to disease and cold.
- Amber Lady. Bright, golden inflorescences will create an atmosphere of joy and cheerfulness, giving a charge of optimism and a cheerful mood.
Chrysanthemum is a real magician in garden decoration. By selecting different varieties of early (July-October), middle (September-November) and late (November-December) flowering periods, you can create a simply fantastic phytodesign of garden plot .
Planting and propagation of chrysanthemums
◊ Landing. Garden chrysanthemums are planted and replanted in late May - early June. Flowers planted during this period have time to get used to the new place, grow stronger and quietly overwinter. Choose elevated places for plants with moisture-permeable and well-fertilized soil.
Advice! If the soil is not rich in organic matter, add some peat, manure or compost (a bucket per square meter) before planting. But do not overdo it, otherwise the flowers will actively grow leaves and bloom little.
Choose a rainy, cloudy day for planting. You can plant in sunny weather early in the morning or late in the evening.
- Make holes at a distance of 25 cm for small flowers and 50 cm for large ones.
- Place a layer of drainage at the bottom of each hole (purified river sand will do).
- Carefully plant the plant. Do not deepen the roots of the flower too much and do not forget about supports (for large species).
- After planting, fertilize the plant with Kornevin to improve root growth.
At first, cover your delicate flowers with non-woven material (it will warm the young chrysanthemum and protect it from unexpected cold snaps).
◊ Reproduction. Chrysanthemum is easily propagated by cuttings. This event is held in the spring. Carefully cut the shoots to 10-15 cm, treat their lower part with Kornevin and plant them in a new place. Some tips:
- “Early” cuttings (grown in winter) take root within a month and produce tall stems.
- “Late” cuttings (obtained in April-May) take root in just 1-2 weeks.
- Chrysanthemums with small inflorescences take root faster.
- Cuttings of flowers with thick, fleshy shoots take less time to master and take longer to develop.
The plant can be propagated by breaking off a side shoot, or by moving a branch to the side and covering it with soil. All methods of planting garden perennial chrysanthemums (regardless of the growing period) produce flowering almost at the same time, of course, with proper care.
For many gardeners, chrysanthemum, which is a garden perennial plant, is a source of pride and decoration of their favorite garden plot. During flowering, this flower pleases the eye with bright colors of various shades and charges you with a good mood just by looking at it. Moreover, the perennial garden chrysanthemum is not very demanding in planting and caring for it to look great in the photo, so it is with this plant that you can begin your journey as an amateur gardener. In this article we will tell you what varieties of chrysanthemums can be found on sale and grown on your site, as well as what rules you must follow to turn your garden into a piece of paradise.
In general, chrysanthemum has been a favorite of mankind for more than one millennium. This flower was mentioned in his writings by the Chinese philosopher Confucius, and in Japan it turned from a simple garden decoration into a whole cult: only members of the ruling dynasty had the right to wear clothes with this flower depicted on it.
As for European countries, here the fashion for planting garden chrysanthemums came to people only in the nineteenth century, but instantly gained popularity among experienced and novice gardeners.
Perennial garden chrysanthemum is not very demanding in planting and care
Types of chrysanthemums
In the middle zone, that is, in the climate of our country, gardeners prefer to plant both perennial hybrid chrysanthemums and their annual counterparts. The second variety is also found under the name Korean chrysanthemum. On the Internet pages of many gardeners you can find photos of their chrysanthemums and a description of the main advantages of this type of flower:
- resistance to cold temperatures;
- long flowering period;
- excellent decorative qualities;
- freshness and original appearance for almost thirty days after cutting, so you can always create a bouquet of chrysanthemums as in the photo.
Chrysanthemum is popularly called the queen of autumn, because it blooms for quite a long time and has more than two hundred different varieties. To make it easier for you to navigate them, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with a convenient classification.
Based on the diameter of the flowers, plants are divided into large-flowered (from ten centimeters) and small-flowered (up to ten centimeters).
Chrysanthemum is popularly called the queen of autumn
Based on the shape of the flowers, the following types are distinguished:
- Single-row and double-row. In such flowers, the center of the inflorescences consists of small tube-shaped flowers, which are bordered by flowers in the form of tongues. They can be arranged in accordance with the name in one or two rows.
- Semi-double. The reed-shaped flowers are formed around the central flower in more than three rows.
- Anemoids. The flower has an external resemblance to an anemone - it is a small flower with large petals in one to three rows.
- Pompons. The umbrella of such a flower is an assembly of many flowers in the form of tongues, which form a structure that looks like a small pom-pom.
- Terry. The flowers are formed according to the same principle as in a semi-double form, but they themselves are varied in shape and appearance, so the result is a more magnificent flower.
Bush chrysanthemums in the photo are also divided according to the height and shape of the bush itself. The division occurs as follows:
- Borders. Such bushes are very small in size - it does not exceed thirty centimeters. Despite this, small flowers form a neat spherical bush that does not require special trimming or adjustments. This variety of chrysanthemums is rightfully recognized as one of the most beautiful among garden plants. In this group you can highlight the best varieties:
- mascot. The color of the flowers is a bright, defiant raspberry-beetroot;
- evening lights. Scarlet petals resemble bright flashes of festive fireworks;
- barbarian. It will be a pleasure to dilute the abundance of bright colors in the flowerbed thanks to its delicate lilac-lilac flowers.
Srednero layered The growth of such chrysanthemum bushes can reach thirty to fifty centimeters. Thanks to its size, the bush allows the gardener to realize the wildest design fantasies by combining different colors. These bushes will look especially impressive if you plant perennial chrysanthemums in one row, as in the photo. Gardeners note the following as the best varieties:
- lily. The flowers of this variety have a deep crimson color that will add brightness to any floral arrangement;
- dune. This variety of chrysanthemums is called the magician, since its inflorescences are capable of changing their color from yellow-brown to golden yellow as they bloom;
- dawn. Suitable for creating a romantic and even a little sad mood, which is quite consistent with the autumn season. The flowers are yellow-brown, close to copper, in color.
Tall. Perennial garden chrysanthemums can grow into fairly tall bushes (up to a meter). But pay close attention to this height, as particularly large species require support in the form of wooden pegs, metal mesh or frames. Supports need to be installed already at the stage of planting the chrysanthemum, and as it grows, gradually tie the branches to it. If you grow a fairly large number of such tall bushes, you can use them as a living fence when zoning your garden space. Here you can also highlight the best varieties:
- daughter of Rosetta. Romantic chrysanthemum with white and pinkish flat-shaped inflorescences;
- clever. There are also white chrysanthemums in the photo, the flowers of which resemble the shape of a pompom. This variety is most resistant to cold temperatures and various diseases;
- amber lady. A very joyful and optimistic flower, its inflorescences are golden in color.
A chrysanthemum planted in a garden plot can work wonders and be the envy of neighbors if you think through the selection of different plant varieties from early (bloom from July to October) to late (bloom even in winter, from November to December).
Planting and care
As for the terrain, a fertilized earthen hill that absorbs moisture well is more suitable for such plants.
If you know that the soil in your garden plot is not rich in organic matter, add fertilizer to it in advance - peat, compost or manure at the rate of one bucket per square meter. It is advisable not to exceed this dose. Otherwise, the leaves will grow very actively, and flowering may be completely unnoticeable.
It is better to choose rainy and cloudy weather for planting chrysanthemums. If there are no such conditions, get ready for this work in the morning or late evening.
Chrysanthemum can be propagated by cuttings. It is better to carry out this work in the spring season. It is necessary to cut the shoots by ten to fifteen and treat their lower part with fertilizer. After this, you can immediately begin disembarking.
5403 04/27/2019 8 min.The graceful and elegant chrysanthemum is rightfully considered the “blooming queen of the garden.” And this is not an exaggeration at all. After all, the bright, spectacular bushes of this plant delight us with their flowering from mid-summer until late autumn. And even when most other flowers lose their attractive appearance and decorativeness, chrysanthemums still remain just as beautiful and expressive.
Chrysanthemum in garden and park plantings
Despite the fact that this plant has been known to mankind for a long time, chrysanthemum gained its popularity among gardeners in Europe only in the 19th century. And since then, the flower has firmly “settled” in the gardens of most countries of the European continent. It was loved for its variety of shapes and colors, ease of care and excellent decorative qualities.
Mention of chrysanthemum flowers is found in the ancient treatises of the famous philosopher Confucius, who treated the plant with great respect and love. But the “sun flower” won the greatest recognition in Japan, where it was a symbol of the power of the ruling dynasty.
Chrysanthemums look especially impressive in group plantings, which may contain plants of various shades: white, pink, yellow, lilac, burgundy and even green. For example, tall chrysanthemums will look very good in mixed flower beds and in arrays, and low-growing varieties of chrysanthemums can be used to decorate borders and mixborders. In addition, they can be placed in individual pots or vases.
Garden chrysanthemums are among the flower crops ideal for cutting into bouquets.
When placed in water, they can retain their beauty and freshness for up to 4 weeks and are highly transportable.
Types and varieties
Currently, a fairly large number of different varieties of chrysanthemums have been bred, in accordance with their characteristics and characteristics, combined into various classifications:
By size of inflorescences:
Large-flowered
These are large, tall, showy plants with a stem length of 80-120 cm and a flower diameter of 10 to 25 cm. They are intended for cutting into bouquets. They do not tolerate negative temperatures well, although among them there are varieties that winter well in the ground.
- tall, with flowers of an unusual green hue, needle-shaped. Flowering - from October. Wintering in the ground with shelter is possible.
Chrysanthemum Anastasia Green
"Tom Pierce"- a spherical variety. The petals are red on the front side and orange on the back.. Plant height – up to 150 cm. Flower diameter – about 22 cm. Flowering - from September.
Chrysanthemum Tom Pierce
Medium flowered
Otherwise called decorative. Their height is from 30 to 70 cm, flower diameter is from 10 to 18 cm. Suitable for growing in open ground and pots, for decorating terraces and balconies. Can be used for cutting.
"Splashes of champagne"– bush-type plant, up to 90 cm high. The flowers are needle-shaped, light pink, with a light dusting of yellow in the middle, ranging in size from 8 to 10 cm. Flowering from early October until lasting frosts. Tolerates winters well in the ground.
Sotre “Champagne Splashes”
Small-flowered or Korean
Due to their leaf shape, reminiscent of oak leaves, these flowers are called “oaks”. They are characterized by high frost resistance. Bush size: from 25 to 120 cm. The number of inflorescences with a diameter from 2 to 10 cm is large, and they can be either simple or double. These chrysanthemums are easy to care for and undemanding to the composition of the soil. They begin to bloom from mid-September until frost.
"Multiflora"– the shape of the bush is spherical. It has high decorative characteristics and can have many color options. Grown in pots and open ground.
Variety “Multiflora”
According to the shape of the inflorescences:
- simple type:
Non-double ( « Pat Joice”, etc.);
Semi-double (“Natasha”, “Amazon”);
Anemone-shaped (“Andre Rose”, “Beautiful Lady”).
Simple type inflorescence
- terry type chrysanthemums:
Bent back (“Regalia”);
Flat (“Valley Roof”);
Hemispherical (“Trezor”, “Zlata Prague”);
Globular (“Broadway”, “Arctic”);
Radiate (“Magdalena”);
Pompons (“Bob”, “Denis”);
Arachnids (“Grace”).
Terry type inflorescence
By flowering time:
- early term;
“Zembla Yellow” is a variety with large yellow flowers, 15 cm in diameter, spherical in shape. Flowering - from September.
"Deliana" is a plant with white needle-shaped flowers, 16 cm in diameter, which begins to bloom in September.
- average flowering time:
“Anastasia Lil” is a variety with lilac needle-shaped flowers about 20 cm in size that bloom in October.
“Orange” - has bright yellow spherical inflorescences of large size (up to 20 cm). The beginning of flowering is mid-autumn.
- late date:
"Larissa" - with white daisy-shaped flowers with a yellow central part. Blooms in November.
"Avignon" - spherical flowers about 20 cm in size, light pink. The beginning of flowering is November.
Based on their lifespan, chrysanthemums are divided into annuals and perennials. Perennial plants include all the varieties listed earlier. For annuals: keeled or tricolor chrysanthemums, field or sowing chrysanthemums, as well as crown chrysanthemums.
Selecting a location
Planting and caring for chrysanthemums is not very difficult. The only thing you need to remember when choosing a place for their further “residence” is that they do not like shade and do not tolerate excessive waterlogging. Retention of moisture at their roots can negatively affect the wintering of bushes and even lead to their death in winter. And a lack of light can cause the shoots to stretch, weaken the plant and delay its flowering time.
For planting chrysanthemums, it is better to choose slightly elevated areas with good sunlight and a balanced soil composition. Flowers of good quality, pleasing to the eye with abundant flowering for a long period of time, can only be obtained on rich, loose, fertile soils with good water permeability. Optimal soil acidity: from 5.5 to 7.0 units.
Landing
When growing chrysanthemums at home, it is better to plant and replant plants in the spring, so that the young bushes have time to strengthen and get used to the new place before the onset of a steady cold snap.
Late planting of chrysanthemums negatively affects their winter hardiness. There is one more sign on this topic: if vegetative shoots do not appear at the base of the bush, then it most likely will not survive winter. This may be due to the fact that the appearance of young shoots indicates good rooting or that “fresh” shoots have better vitality. But the fact remains a fact.
Reproduction
Chrysanthemums are propagated by cuttings, division of rhizomes and seeds. The most convenient of the above methods is cuttings. To obtain cuttings, shoots that lag behind the root are used. It is cut with a sharp knife under the leaf node, after one or two internodes appear on it. The cuttings are placed in containers with fertile soil for rooting, buried 2.5 - 3 cm in the ground. They need to be sprayed and watered regularly, and in a month they will sprout the first roots.
Some gardeners ask how to grow garden chrysanthemum from seeds? This method is better suited for small-flowered varieties. Its main difficulty is the fact that the result of this method of planting cannot be predicted: that is, from the same seeds you can get plants that are significantly different from the mother specimens.
Chrysanthemum seeds are sown in shallow containers, lined with a drainage layer and filled with soil mixture. Seeds are placed on the prepared soil, scattered over the surface and lightly pressed with the palm of your hand.
When planting annual varieties, the seeds are buried 0.5 cm into the ground, sprinkled on top!
The crops should be sprayed with warm water from a spray bottle, then covered with film or glass and placed in a warm, bright place with an average temperature of +23...+25 degrees. Periodically, the film must be removed by ventilating and spraying the planted seeds. If these rules are followed, shoots will appear in 1.5 - 2 weeks. After this, the containers are placed in a very bright place and the young plants are adapted to the environment by removing the film, first for an hour, then for two, and then completely removing it.
After 2-4 true leaves appear, the seedlings are planted in separate containers. Then they are in a bright room, the temperature in which should be 16-18 degrees Celsius. Seedlings are planted in open ground after the end of spring frosts: in late May - early June. But you can read how this happens in the article.
Rules of care
Proper care for home chrysanthemums involves regular and proper watering and fertilizing of this crop.
Watering
In order for the chrysanthemum to feel good at the planting site, the following rules must be observed when watering it:
- The volume of water used for irrigation depends on the varietal characteristics of the plant. For example, varieties with large, soft leaves that evaporate large amounts of moisture need to be watered more often than varieties with tough, small leaves.
- With the beginning of active flowering, the amount and intensity of watering should be reduced.
- Chrysanthemums should be planted in places where, with the beginning of spring, the water that appears as a result of melting snow does not stagnate.
Fertilizer use
When caring for perennial garden chrysanthemums, proper application of fertilizers is no less important than proper planting. And the results of high-quality, painstaking work on growing this flower can be seen in the photo:
During the growth of the plant, the following fertilizing is carried out:
- organic– it is carried out 7-10 days after planting and repeated 10 days before budding. It is good to combine with mineral fertilizing (using Superphosphate, Potassium nitrate, etc.);
- phosphorus– carried out in the fall in the proportion of 50 g of fertilizer per square meter. m.;
- potassium– potassium sulfate or potassium chloride is used for this purpose.
Please note: fertilizers applied in the form of solutions are most effective.
Video
The subtleties and rules for fertilizing and storing chrysanthemums are shown in more detail in the video below:
Pest and disease control
Infectious and non-infectious diseases pose a threat to chrysanthemum flowers. The first include:
- gray rot. Develops at high humidity. Manifested by the appearance of light brown spots on reed flowers, develops in weakened plants;
Control: removal and burning of diseased plants. Timely disinfection and ventilation of planting material and equipment.
Gray rot
- powdery mildew. Affects stems, leaves and buds. They become covered with a whitish coating, after which they dry out;
Fight: spraying with a solution of soda ash with added soap. (40 g per 10 liters of water); treatment with copper sulfate (25 g plus 250 g of green soap per 10 liters of water).
Powdery mildew
- rust. This is one of the reasons why chrysanthemum leaves dry out and become covered with dark brown spots;
Fight: Use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for prevention. Spraying with fungicides.
Rust
In addition, chrysanthemum suffers from septoria, root bacterial cancer and other diseases. Pests such as orange aphid, brown chrysanthemum aphid, leafhopper, spider mite, chrysanthemum nematode, etc. are “not indifferent” to it.
In order for the chrysanthemum to look beautiful and impressive in the flowerbed and in the bouquet, it is important to follow the rules of caring for this plant, water it and feed it on time and properly store it in the winter. Then this sunny flower will become a luxurious decoration of any garden.
The noble chrysanthemum is a flower loved by Japanese and Chinese emperors, royal gardeners, as well as a large army of flower growers from all over the world. Millennia pass, and the “sunny” flower, although it acquires a variety of colors, does not lose its popularity. Regular or double, tall or short, with large or small flowers, any chrysanthemum is a real decoration of the site. The perennial chrysanthemum will delight everyone who fulfills the requirements necessary for its cultivation. Garden chrysanthemums are planted and cared for following special rules.
Perennial garden chrysanthemum
You can grow a chrysanthemum in your garden using flower seeds, seedlings or using cuttings.
Seeds
We begin working with purchased seeds of the variety we like in early spring. When growing chrysanthemums from seeds directly into the ground, first water the prepared holes well and then sow the seeds in them. After sowing, it is necessary to provide the seeds with a favorable temperature regime. To keep the soil moist and not overcool, it is covered with plastic film. The sowing site is left in this form until sprouts appear.
Chrysanthemums sown from seeds are... With spring sowing, flowering will begin in the first ten days of August.
To speed up the start of flowering, we use seedlings. Let's start by preparing the flower containers and moistening the soil in them. After sowing the seeds, just sprinkle them lightly with soil and leave them under the film until germination. Sprouts will appear no later than a week. This method is most suitable for growing seedlings.
When using seeds, it should be taken into account that they do not have the ability to preserve the variety.
Saplings
Seedlings - picked chrysanthemum seedlings. Their preparation for planting in the ground takes time. Initially, cups with picked seedlings should be kept in cool rooms. The optimal temperature is no less than 16°C and no more than 18°C. Water the soil in the cups as it dries, being careful not to over-moisten it. Chrysanthemum seedlings require sufficient light for normal growth. Therefore, additional lighting is provided in dimly lit rooms.
Cuttings
You can get a suitable cutting only from the main (root) shoot of the flower. Having retreated 3-4 mm from the top of the leaf with a bud, cut off at least 6-7 cm of the plant for cuttings. The procedure can be carried out in the spring, after the air has warmed up to more than 21°C. However, on hot days (more than 26°C) cuttings are not recommended. A chrysanthemum cutting cut with a sharp knife is immersed in moist soil sprinkled with sand, having previously been treated with a growth stimulator. The thickness of the sand layer is 2 cm. The angle of inclination of the handle is from sharp to straight (from 35° to 45°).
Planting garden chrysanthemum
Planting garden perennial chrysanthemum begins with choosing a location. This needs to be approached very carefully. “Flower of the sun” loves open, well-lit places that are protected from drafts. Experienced flower growers know: to prevent flowers from becoming small, you need to choose a place where the plant will not be in the shade.
Soil is less important for the plant. But it is necessary to ensure that the soil has good drainage and there is no stagnation of water.
Preparing the planting hole
The hole prepared for planting should have a depth of more than half a meter; a suitable depth is 60 cm. We fill the planting hole following the following procedure. We start with the drainage layer. Suitable materials for drainage are small pebbles, expanded clay, crushed stone. The next layer is compost or organic matter. Fill the hole with soil mixture.
Landing dates
Experts believe that the best time to plant chrysanthemums is in the spring. The landing time depends on the weather on a particular day. In sunny weather, planting is possible only early in the morning or in the evening after sunset. But it is best to plant chrysanthemums when it is cloudy or rainy.
In the southern regions, perennial chrysanthemums can also be planted in the fall. But even here, planting chrysanthemums in the second half of September or later is not recommended.
When planting in spring or autumn, the following rules should be observed:
- Make sure that the root is not buried.
- Use supports when planting tall chrysanthemums.
Topping
For normal development, the chrysanthemum seedling is pinched twice. The first time the procedure is carried out immediately after planting in the ground, the growing point of the flower is removed. After 21 days, pinching is performed a second time. Now you need to break off the top part of the flower so as to grab 2-3 nodes.
Caring for garden chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum bush
Chrysanthemum is not a particularly demanding flower. However, compliance with certain standards of care will ensure not only normal growth, but also long-term flowering of chrysanthemums.
Caring for garden chrysanthemums includes the following processes: watering, mulching, fertilizing.
Watering
Constantly maintaining light soil moisture is a prerequisite for growing garden chrysanthemum. The amount of water used for irrigation depends on the planting region. In hotter and drier places, watering should be more abundant. But excessive dampness can harm the flower. During the budding process, watering is slightly reduced; flowering also requires a reduction in watering.
Mulching
To rid chrysanthemum plantings of weeds, as well as to prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases, the soil around the bush should be mulched. Coniferous materials, such as needles or pine bark, are best suited for mulch. Sawdust also works well as a soil mulcher.
Top dressing
Garden chrysanthemum responds well to systematic feeding. They should be carried out at least 2 times a month. Plants are fed with nitrogen fertilizers in the spring, this allows the flower to grow well. During the flowering period, fertilizers with a predominance of phosphorus and potassium are used. Mineral fertilizers are applied as root irrigation.
From time to time, the plant will also benefit from bone meal used for feeding.
Preparing for winter
Garden bush chrysanthemum will tolerate winter temperatures well if properly prepared for the cold season. Before frost, faded bushes are pruned, leaving no more than 2-3 cm. After this, the chrysanthemum bushes are covered with fallen leaves, pine needles or branches. Late-blooming varieties are dug out of the ground and transplanted into a pot. Thus, they overwinter as indoor plants.
Protection from diseases and pests
Chrysanthemums susceptible to root diseases are helped by using Fitosporin during feeding (in accordance with the instructions).
It is also recommended to treat chrysanthemum bushes after rain with special preparations against fungal diseases and viruses.
Folk remedies (soap solution, garlic tincture) help cope well if aphids or mites appear on the plant. Crushed eggshells or cooled wood ash, which are sprinkled on the soil around the plant, help fight snails or slugs.
Following simple rules when growing chrysanthemums allows gardeners to maintain flowering flower beds until late autumn.