Beans are a typical representative of the Legume family. There are about 90 species. The predominant growing area is the southern regions. Initially, in Russia, it was grown for decoration. And only two centuries later, they mastered it as a garden crop.
Today, common beans are more common. It has a special reputation for its useful qualities and ease of care. However, you need to know how to plant beans in open ground.
How to plant beans in open ground
With the beginning of the summer season, every summer resident begins ready places for planting vegetables. Only many people forget about beans. This is a big mistake, since this plant not only produces tasty and healthy fruits, but also saturates the soil with nitrogen.
This favorable will affect the growth of other plantings and prepare the soil for the next season. It should be noted that beans do not need large areas; they can be placed on any free piece of land. The choice of location depends on the type of legume. If it is a bush type, then the ideal location is between the rows of potatoes and cabbage, and the weaving type is located along the fence.
How to properly prepare the soil and seeds
Legumes perfect thrive on loose and nutritious soil, with drainage and without close groundwater flow. If the substrate on the site is clayey, then the beans may not grow.
For increase productivity, the following additives are added to the seed soil: compost or humus, superphosphates, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride. Nitrogen oversaturation can lead to active growth of green mass, to the detriment of pod formations.
It is advisable to choose open areas with good lighting and no drafts. If there are abandoned squares in your garden where nothing has grown for a long time, then beans will help revive them. It's natural green manure, capable of completely restoring the biological balance of the soil within a season.
Preparatory work begins in the fall: the site is dug up and organic and mineral fertilizers are added. You can’t plant beans in the same place two seasons contract. The best predecessors for them are: carrots, onions, beets, tomatoes, cucumbers.
Many novice gardeners are interested in when to start planting beans in open ground. The favorable period for such a procedure is the end of April and the beginning of May. So that the work does not go to waste due to unexpected night frosts, the beans are pre-processed. The essence of such preparation is as follows:
- A thorough check of the seed is carried out for damage and deformation. Poor quality product is rejected.
- It is recommended to soak the beans in warm water overnight. The main thing is not to overexpose them, so as not to get excess moisture. This technique speeds up germination.
- To prevent the nodule weevil, just before immersion in the ground, the seeds are treated with a solution of boric acid and ammonium.
These minor nuances will help achieve a higher percentage of seed germination.
How to plant beans and further care
When the danger of short-term spring frosts has passed and the air warms up to 14-15 degrees, you can plant beans. If you focus on blooming chestnut, then you definitely can’t go wrong with the timing.
Climbing varieties should be planted 7-9 days later than straight-growing varieties.
Bush beans are planted at a distance of 22–25 cm, with a spacing of 40 cm.
Climbing representatives are placed a little less often. 4-5 grains are placed in each hole, to a depth of no more than 7 cm. Lying too close to the surface leads to the seedlings dying down.
Too deep - the beans will rot. After the sprouts appear, only 2-3 are left, and the rest are planted in another place.
After planting, all plantings are abundantly moistened and compacted. To be on the safe side, some people make a cover out of film.
Subsequent care:
When the vegetation reaches a height of 2 meters, it is necessary to pinch the tops of the stems. This activates the appearance of the first ovaries.
Possible problems when growing beans
Most often, bean crops are affected by weevil, cabbage and garden armyworms. Armyworms tend to lay larvae on various above-ground parts of the plant. If you don't get rid of them, they will quickly eat up everything in their path. Bean grain gets into the ground during sowing and gnaws the fruits from the inside.
If not properly maintained, the following may occur: diseases: anthracnose, bacteriosis, viral mosaic. Bacteriosis is dangerous not only to the plant itself. It can last for many years, and every season will remind you of itself. Obvious signs of anthracnose are: dark blotches on young shoots, yellowing of the veiny pattern on the leaf blade, followed by hole formation. The fruits have reddish markings that grow into large cankers.
If the viral mosaic has made itself felt, then the plant can be considered lost. There are no special means to combat it. The grass is completely uprooted and burned. This viral disease can be avoided if Right maintain, observe agrotechnical measures. To prevent other lesions, timely treatment with Bordeaux mixture is required.
It is better, in the spring and after harvesting, to spray young shoots and soil with phytosporin. This procedure and compliance with crop rotation will avoid any fungal infections.
To prevent pests from spoiling mature sprouts, the planting soil is dug up every autumn. When this does not help, it is advisable to do spraying bactericidal drugs.
Cleaning and storage
Full ripening occurs 2 weeks after the start of flowering. Ripe pods are cut every 2-3 days, in the morning. Then the fruits have more juicy and aromatic taste. The green beans are removed completely, as they are cooked and consumed whole. The shelf life of young beans is short. It is prepared for future use by drying or freezing.
When growing legumes for grain, the seeds are collected once. The bushes are cut to the very base, collected in bunches and hung in a dry, ventilated room. There they reach condition. Then they are peeled and stored in glass containers.
To prepare seed for next year, select the first two ripe pods from the very bottom. After drying, husk e rna and keep in the refrigerator. Their germination persists for 10 years.
Beans are certainly used both canned and frozen. And one can sincerely envy the number of admirers of the first and second courses with her participation. In addition, it will not require virtually any wild energy consumption, and the family will have enough harvest for their eyes. You will learn how to properly grow beans in open ground, how to effectively care for and store them, from this article prepared by the editors of the site.
Description and types of beans
The bean plant (lat. Phaseolus) belongs to the type genus of the Legume family, which includes about 90 species growing in warm areas throughout the planet. From the Greek phaseolus is translated as “boat, canoe,” apparently because the beans resemble a boat in contours.
The Spanish Franciscan monk and preacher Bernardino de Sahagún, who worked and lived in Mexico in the 16th century, in his work “General History of the Affairs of New Spain” described the testimony of the Aztecs about the properties of beans and the diversity of its species, since Latin America is considered the birthplace of this plant . Beans were brought to Russia from France and Turkey in the 16th century and were initially grown as an ornamental plant.
Today, many-flowered or fiery red beans (Phaseolus coccineus), with beautiful fiery flowers, which are most often called Turkish beans, are popular in garden floriculture. In the 18th century, beans began to be grown as a garden crop. Of the types of beans cultivated today, the most popular is the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with all the variety of its varieties and varieties, which are grown for their seeds and fruits.
Beans are among the top 10 healthiest vegetables, and their unpretentiousness makes growing beans in open ground accessible even to a young gardener. However, planting beans in the ground, fertilizing beans, and harvesting bean crops have their own characteristic features, and you need to know them.
Types of beans
A crop from the legume family is systematized according to a number of characteristics. The main ones are the type of plant, the size of the seeds, the taste and structure of the beans. So, according to the configuration, the beans can be climbing, semi-climbing, or trailing, bush. And according to the size of the seeds - large-, medium-, small-seeded.
Based on taste and structure, there are three main types of plants:
- Peeling.
- Asparagus or sugar.
- Semi-sugar.
The types of beans differ in the color of the seeds and leaves, and the type of color (variegated or plain). There are perennial and annual plant varieties. However, researchers divide the entire variety of crop species into two main groups - Phaseolus L, either American and Vigna Savi, or Asian. As can be understood from the name, they differ in geographical distribution.
American varieties of beans are especially popular in Russia. Their characteristic features are large beans with a characteristic shape and short pods. While Asian varieties are endowed with small seeds and long pods.
Russian consumers are most familiar with four types of beans:
- Red - perfectly saturates, has a positive effect on the functioning of the digestive system, strengthens the immune system.
- White is rich in iron and calcium, which is why it strengthens teeth and bones.
- Yellow - contains many vitamins and minerals, suitable for use in different forms: boiled, fried, or raw.
- Purple or Georgian is a nutritious product that changes color during cooking.
Planting and growing
When planting beans, for high-quality seed germination, it is necessary to take into account the temperature of the soil and the surrounding air, calculate the timing and select a place for planting, properly prepare and soak the seeds, following the sowing scheme and technology.
Seed treatment
Before planting beans, the seed must be prepared. To ensure that ground cooling does not cause damage to young shoots, it is important to carry out hardening. Initially, the seeds are subject to visual inspection by the grower, during which empty, wrinkled and questionable seeds are eliminated.
After sorting the seeds, they should be immediately sown in the garden bed; in turn, additional processing can be done before sowing. For example, soaking in clean water is used for no more than overnight. If the seed is not processed in production, then it is subject to the influence of a weak disinfectant solution of potassium permanganate (1−2%), in which the seeds are kept for 20−25 minutes.
We emphasize that those seeds that are not soaked before planting have greater survivability in cold weather, since they do not germinate immediately, unlike soaked seeds.
Place and soil
Excellent soil aeration, deep groundwater, high light levels - these are the conditions under which planting and care in open ground will bring serious results when growing beans. It is best to sow the vegetable in a loamy area with neutral acidity located on a windless side.
In the fall, the soil in the area where you plan to plant beans in open ground needs to be dug up to a depth of 24-25 centimeters. If necessary, disinfect the garden with potassium permanganate and liming. The increase in yield will be facilitated by the application of mineral and organic fertilizers.
Time to board
Beans are a heat-loving crop; therefore, they should be planted in open ground along with cucumbers when the air temperature warms up to +8-10 degrees Celsius and the threat of return frosts has passed. Thus, the optimal time for sowing beans is May-June, depending on the properties of your climate. In the middle zone a little earlier - in the 2nd half of May, in the Urals and Siberia - closer to June. If you sow beans in a greenhouse, you should do this earlier, starting in April.
According to the lunar calendar in 2019
If you want, it is much easier to turn to the lunar calendar for exact dates. So, for example, in 2019, favorable days for planting beans in open ground or a greenhouse are:
- April - 6−13, 15−17, 29, 30;
- May - 6−10, 12−17;
- June - 1, 2, 5, 6, 11−13.
In fact, it’s not so scary if you sow beans on other dates; the most important thing is not to plant on dates that are negative according to the lunar calendar, and this is in 2019:
- March - 6, 7, 21;
- April - 5, 19;
- May - 5, 19;
- June - 3, 4, 17.
Scheme of planting in the ground
To obtain a good harvest of this legume, you need not only to sow the seeds in a timely manner, but also correctly:
- The gap between seeds in a row should be at least 10-25 centimeters, depending on the size of the seeds and the growth rate of future plants.
- The gap between the rows should be at least 25 centimeters (for varieties with a low growth rate) and up to 50 centimeters (for varieties with a fast growth rate).
- The depth of seed placement in light soils should not be more than four centimeters and in heavy soils - three centimeters.
In addition to the row method, beans can be sown using the nesting method. To do this, 3-5 seeds are sown in nests according to the following scheme: the horizontal distance between nests is 30 centimeters, the vertical distance is not less than 35 centimeters.
It is advisable to plant climbing bean varieties near pre-prepared supports, or on the southern part of a bed with sunflowers or corn. Thus, it will be possible to harvest 30% more harvest. In addition, the bean pods will be far from the soil, which will promote much better growth and preservation from insects and adverse weather conditions.
Obtaining a good bean harvest directly depends on the timing of planting and the quality of sowing. Therefore, every gardener should know when to sow bean seeds. This will avoid unnecessary losses and get a good harvest of legumes.
Caring for bean plantings
Loosening
The soil needs to be loosened from the very emergence of seedlings. We do this carefully so as not to spoil the root system and not accidentally pull out the beans themselves. In the future, loosening between the beds can be combined with weeding.
Loosening the soil is especially important if it tends to dry out and is difficult for water to pass through. Let me remind you that the plant does not like swampiness. If moisture does not seep in, the yield level will not be the best. You, no doubt, understand yourself why weeding is needed.
Watering
For beans, harmonious watering is very important. However, you should not overdo it. It is enough to water once a week. Before flowers appear on the bushes, the volume of water is calculated at the rate of six liters per square meter.
During the period of pod formation and flowering, the amount of water should be at least doubled. If watering is not enough, this can lead to the death of flowers and ovaries. Also, the lack of watering will be felt in the taste of the bean fruit.
Excess moisture is also harmful. This leads to intensive growth of leaves on the bushes and delays the growth and formation of pods, which also affects the level of yield.
Beans have been planted in open ground for a long time in Ukraine, Russia and other countries, and every year the methods of planting and growing are getting better and better. This helps ultimately to get an excellent harvest of this useful crop, from which you can cook up a lot of healthy and dietary dishes.
Top dressing
When the first strong leaf develops, the plant receives the first feeding of superphosphate at the rate of 30 grams per square meter. The next fertilizer for beans is potassium salt (15 grams per square meter) - added during the period of bud formation.
Important! There is no need to feed beans with nitrogen fertilizers, they get them themselves, and excess can lead to strong growth of green mass at a loss to the fruits.
Support
Low bush varieties do not require garter at all. Taller varieties may require support. For climbing bean varieties, the supports are attached before sowing and the planting holes are made next to them. The supports will support the plant and promote normal development and growth.
Harvesting
Harvest time has a huge infusion of flavor in the beans. Don’t miss the harvest time; try to collect the pods in the morning, while they are still optimally saturated with moisture. Cut the bean pods with scissors, carefully holding the stem with your hand.
The beans are harvested two weeks after the flowers open and repeated every two days until all the pods have ripened.
If you require pods with valves, then collect them until the valves are juicy and green, and their length does not exceed five centimeters. If you need the beans themselves, then the beans are harvested during their maturity, when they reach their maximum size and taste. Blackened pods need to be collected for new seed material.
Storing beans
Freshly cut green beans do not last long, as the beans consume moisture very quickly and will become unsuitable for food or processing. In order to preserve the taste, the beans should be stored in the refrigerator with a relative air humidity of 85−90%. Green pods lend themselves well to freezing and canning.
Cut bean bushes can be kept in special vegetable stores, hanging whole bunches directly with the stems from the ceiling. In this way, mice will not be able to reach them, and the beans will be very well ventilated, and there will be less possibility of them being damaged by harmful disease-causing pathogens.
Pests and diseases
How to cultivate beans in the country and protect them from diseases and pests? The most common plant diseases are viral mosaic, bacteriosis and anthracnose. Unfortunately, it is impossible to fight the first one: if the plant is sick, it should be dug up and burned. This disease can be prevented by following the rules of agricultural technology, crop rotation and care.
In the case of anthracnose and bacteriosis, fungicides can help, but the listed rules must also be followed. Bordeaux mixture may be suitable as a means of control. Use “Fitosporin” as a preventative treatment; treatment is carried out twice: after harvesting and before flowering.
Cutworms and bean weevils are considered pests of beans. The appearance of the former can be prevented by deep digging of the soil on the site. If prevention does not help, treat the area with a solution of Bitoxibacillin or Gomelin. To prevent the occurrence of weevil, you need to process and soak bean seeds before sowing.
Secrets of bean agricultural technology
Like other vegetables, beans have their own tricks in growing. By following these simple steps, you can reap an impressive harvest:
- If you choose a low-growing bean variety, then by planting it under a film cover you will get a harvest earlier.
- Water the beans properly - before flowering once a week, during flowering and fruit formation - more often and more densely.
- To prevent fungal diseases on beans, pre-sow seeds with copper solutions.
Beans are a very useful crop, and not only as a food product. Even in the smallest area you can find a place to plant it, especially since beans have so many positive qualities:
- like the entire legume family, beans, during growth and ripening, enrich the soil with nitrogen, which is so necessary for other crops, so beans are often planted between other beds;
- it is compatible with almost all garden crops with the exception of bulbs and its “relatives”, so it can be planted as a thickener or in the inter-rows of early spring greens;
- modern varieties of beans are quite resistant to possible night cold snaps and can recover after slight frost damage;
- beans do not take up much space - depending on the variety, these can be either compact low bushes or graceful vines wrapping around fences. In addition, climbing beans are very decorative during flowering, so they can also be used as site decoration;
- Under favorable growing conditions, beans are rarely susceptible to diseases, and they are not very attractive to most pests.
So, having decided that this crop has a place in your garden, you need to find a suitable place for it. When choosing places to sow beans, you should take into account several criteria: light, predecessors, soil type and degree of moisture.
Beans are a warm and sun-loving crop, so the place for the beds is chosen on the south or southeast side of the site. Before planting beans, you need to remember what grew in this place last year? Root vegetables, potatoes, cabbage and pumpkin are considered ideal predecessors. These are perhaps the most common crops in our gardens, so selecting a suitable area for bean beds will not be difficult.
Next, it’s worth analyzing the condition of the soil. Beans thrive in light, fertile areas, so if the soil is viscous and clayey, it is worth pre-draining it by adding half a bucket of sand or a little more per square meter of bed. As for fertilizers, for beans you can take any organic matter, be it rotted manure, compost, humus or ready-made humate concentrates. The soil with the applied fertilizers is dug up or loosened and thoroughly leveled with a rake. The order of rows and holes for planting beans depends on the characteristics of the selected variety - bush or climbing.
Variety selection and seed preparation
In order for the beans to ripen well, it is necessary to select varieties of a certain ripening period. If climatic conditions are favorable with long and warm summers, then varieties of medium (75-85 days) and late (about 100 days) ripening periods can be successfully grown. And in those regions where the sun is rather sparing, there is nothing better than planting early beans, which in a couple of months will delight you with the first harvest. Based on their taste, bean varieties are divided into: sugar, semi-sugar and shelled. The first two can be used together with pods, especially at the stage of incomplete ripening of the beans. But the shells of shelled beans are unsuitable for food, but they are easily and quickly cleaned after drying.
The most popular varieties: Saxa 615, Golden Mountain, Sugar 116, Cinderella, Lika, Rachel, Firefly – sugar, asparagus type. Due to the fact that these beans do not dry out and “age” for a long time, they are ideal for freezing. Shelling varieties such as Moscow white, Sakfit, Green-green 556, Creole,Gribovskaya 92 and others produce excellent quality grains used for cooking, homemade preparations or for winter storage.
To speed up the germination of beans and increase the percentage of germination, it is recommended to soak the beans before planting. If this is done on the day of planting, then the seeds are poured with hot water, about 60-70 degrees, and left for a couple of hours to swell. But you can place the beans in a container of water and leave them overnight.
You can get an earlier harvest by planting beans through seedlings. In this case, you can calculate the sowing time based on the climate and the time of ripening of the variety. Seedlings grown in pots are not whimsical and in the phase of two true leaves can easily be transplanted to a permanent place. The main thing in this case is not to remove the seedlings before the threat of frost has passed.
Planting beans in open ground
To obtain young beans throughout the summer, they are sown in several stages with a break of 15-20 days. The first planting of beans in the spring occurs when the soil warms up to 10-12 degrees. Depending on the region, this period can start from the second half of May to mid-June.
Plantings are placed so that there is a distance of 30-45 centimeters between rows, and 20 centimeters between plants. It is recommended to leave a small passage every three rows for ease of watering and caring for the plantings.
Bush beans are planted in rows or holes in a checkerboard pattern. But for climbing varieties, it is worth considering the installation of supports or planting it along fences or buildings, where twine or netting could be secured.
Landing is carried out as follows:
- holes or furrows 5-6 centimeters deep are made;
- if soaked seeds are sown, then it is recommended to spill the recesses with settled water, but if the seeds are dry, then this is not done;
- 2-3 seeds are placed in each hole, and when sowing in a furrow, a distance of 15-20 centimeters is left between the crops;
- cover the seeds with soil;
- if the beans are climbing, planting and care require the installation of a support with a height of at least 2.5 meters;
- The next step is not necessary, but recommended - cover the crops with a layer of mulch, which increases the temperature at the roots, better retains moisture, and prevents weeds from germinating.
Experienced gardeners advise covering any crops with agrofibre at first. Indeed, such a shelter creates the necessary microclimate in which seed germination occurs much faster and more friendly. In addition, during unexpected cold snaps at night, tender shoots will be protected from frost, and during the day - from the burning rays of the spring sun. And such a shelter will prevent the soil from drying out, which means reducing the number of waterings.
The first bean shoots begin to appear already on days 3-5, depending on weather conditions and the degree of seed penetration. After this, the covering material can be left on the garden bed for a few more days, and when the leaves begin to bloom, it is better to free the beans and remove the agrofibre. It is recommended to slightly hill up the elongated stems to increase their stability, otherwise the plantings may lie down after rain or watering.
After a few months, the planted beans will delight you with strong and juicy young pods.
Today I want to talk about my experience as a bean planter. If in the south this culture is popular, it is consumed in almost every family, then in our Non-Black Earth Region, at best, we buy it canned in salad jars. But this culture contains a large amount of valuable vegetable protein, very tasty and healthy.
A family from Georgia lives in our village. Usually where we plant potatoes, they plant beans in open ground. They ripen it beautifully and go to the dinner table. I also decided to try it.
How to plant beans, from what seeds?
This is the first question I asked myself at the beginning of my experiment. In the first year, I bought a couple of packs of bean seeds at the store. The experience was unsuccessful. Very few seeds sprouted; there was no harvest as such. For the third year now I have been planting regular beans, which are sold by weight in the store. Germination rate is almost 100%! I planted both white and red. The result is always pleasing.
I pre-soak the bean seeds for a couple of days. When the first shoots peck, I plant them immediately in the soil - open ground. This happens around the end of May. Climbing varieties of beans are most often sold in stores. This must be taken into account when planting. I once grew it without support, the harvest was much smaller. I didn’t notice any special requirements for soil fertility. Beans themselves are an excellent green manure that improves the composition of the soil. Most often I choose a place near the wall of a greenhouse or house. Firstly, it is warmer there, and secondly, it is more convenient to install supports.
Throughout the summer, from the end of June, we eat the pods, and at the end of August it is already possible to harvest the ripened seeds. Yes, they are somewhat smaller than store-bought ones. But the taste does not suffer from this. Growing beans in open ground is quite possible for a novice gardener.
Beans are one of the top ten healthiest vegetables, so when choosing crops to grow in your garden, there is always a place for them. In order for the time and money spent to be rewarded with a generous harvest, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic rules of agricultural technology, planting and care when cultivating in open ground.
Beans are planned to be planted at May month. You should focus on weather conditions and the correct temperature regime in the soil, which is indicated by indicators 12-15 degrees(at a depth of up to 10 cm). According to the folk calendar, this period coincides with the flowering of chestnuts.
Upright varieties should be planted first, and after a week you can start with climbing varieties. They plan to plant a bush type of legumes early July. This can be done in beds from which early-ripening vegetables have already been harvested.
Experienced gardeners carry out planting work in several stages: from mid-May to early July with an interval of at least 10 days.
Bush beans should be sown in the ground in early July.
Beans are a heat-loving crop, so it is best to plant them in the spring. in the second half of May when the threat of frost has passed. Young shoots are afraid even of cold winds, which is why many gardeners find its place under apple trees or along a fence.
The minimum temperature that bean seedlings can withstand does not exceed -3-4 degrees. If the frosts were short-lived, the beans will survive, but their development will be slow and the yield will decrease.
Agrotextiles or film, which are used for construction, will help change the situation. temporary shelter.
Varietal diversity complicates the choice. If difficulties arise in determining the assortment, it is recommended to give preference to proven varieties that are adapted to the climate and weather conditions of the region.
Moscow white green bean 556 Plant mid-early ripening period, from sowing to harvesting 100 days. The bush grows to a height of only 25 cm; the fruits have a parchment layer, but it is very thin. The culture is unpretentious, resistant to humid environments and drought.
Nomad
Climbing variety mid-early maturation. The ovoid bean has an ocher color with a pale purple pattern. The fruit is without a parchment layer and fibers, which makes the structure tender and soft. The plant is tolerant to anthracnose and gray rot.
For the Urals and the middle zone
Oran
She R - early ripening grain beans with ripening period 80-90 days, recommended for planting at a dacha in central Russia. The height of the bushes is from 35 to 56 cm, the fruits are distinguished by high taste.
Productivity per 1 m2 is within 200 grams.
Pink
Pink Harvest begins in 65-85 days after seed germination. The climbing bush reaches a height of up to 3 m, so it needs support.
Marbled pink beans do not contain a parchment layer or fibers, which gives them a delicate structure. Purple streaks and streaks are visible on the fruits. The application is universal; in any form, the beans retain their unique taste.
For Siberia
Winner
Winner The culture is different high yield and nutritional qualities of fruits. The length of the pods is about 30 cm, the beans are large. Cold resistance and strong immunity make it possible to cultivate and grow the plant in Siberia.
Feature: vines with beautiful fiery red flowers can be used as a decorative hedge.
Butter King
Butter King Bush type of beans with ripening period 1.5 months. The delicate and pleasant taste of tubular fruits will not leave any gourmet indifferent. The length of the pod part is about 25 cm. The harvest is universally used: dry harvesting, freezing, canning.
Planting rules and agricultural technology for growing in open ground
Seed preparation
To obtain rapid germination and protect young shoots from diseases, seeds should be prepared before planting.
First do the soaking in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for about 20 minutes. After the procedure, the beans are washed with clean water and again need to be soaked in wood ash infusion for 2 hours.
The night before sowing, pea beans are wrapped in a damp cloth for germination at home. And 5 minutes before sowing into the soil, they are dipped in a solution of boric acid. This will protect the plant from diseases and pests.
Preparing the soil and choosing a place for sowing
To plant a crop, select well lit place, but without drafts and strong winds, planting through seedlings is practically not used. The type of soil does not play a big role, but experienced gardeners have noted that beans develop worst of all and can germinate and bear fruit poorly on clay soils. This is explained by poor moisture permeability, which causes the seeds and roots to rot.
In general, the preparatory process of forming a bed consists of digging up soil to the depth of a spade bayonet. At the same time, fertilizers are introduced: per 1 m2 add 4 kg of humus or compost, 2 tbsp. l. dolomite flour, 1 tbsp. l. ammonium nitrate and 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate.
When preparing the soil, you need to dig it to the depth of a spade bayonet. Another option for enriching the soil with nutrients involves using ½ compost (humus), 30 g. superphosphate, 20 g. wood ash per 1 m2.
When determining a place for planting beans, the crops that were grown there last season are taken into account.
Ideal predecessors are: potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, cucumber, pepper, eggplant.
Planting pattern and depth
Bush varieties of crops are planted according to the following scheme:
- depth of seed placement - somewhere 5-6 cm;
- distance between holes in a row – 20-25 cm;
- row spacing - 40 cm.
Climbing varieties are planted slightly differently:
- seed placement depth – 5-6 cm;
- interval between holes in a row – 25-30 cm;
- row spacing - 45-50 cm.
When planting beans, 5-6 seeds are immersed in each hole. 5-6 seeds are immersed in each hole. After the seedlings have formed one leaf at a time, only 3 seedlings should be left, the rest should be removed or carefully replanted.
According to lunar calendar for 2018 It is recommended to plant beans:
- March – 20-23rd;
- April – 6-9, 19, 20, 23-26;
- May – 7-10, 19-24;
- June – 4th-7th.
Care after disembarkation
Unpretentious beans do not require much attention, but they still need the basic rules of agricultural technology.
Germinating bean seeds
Bean seeds begin to sprout later 7-10 days after landing. If the air and soil temperatures are below the recommended values, the first shoots will sprout after 5-7 days.
You can speed up the germination process by soaking the seed in growth stimulants Houses. This is also facilitated by covering the beds with film.
Young shoots must be hilled to give them stability.
Irrigation rules and conditions
The plant loves water, so you should not violate the watering regime. It is especially important to moisten the soil during the period of pod formation.
The amount of water per bush is determined by eye, the procedures should be carried out 1 time per week, the main thing is not to let the soil dry out. Precipitation in the form of rain is considered the best liquid for irrigation. Experienced gardeners use settled water at a temperature not lower than 18 degrees.
Beans love water, so the soil should not be allowed to dry out. What fertilizers to use in the garden
The culture is responsive to fertilizers. After preparing the soil for planting, you will need to add at least 3 feedings.
The first procedure is performed 3-4 weeks after germination. It is ideal to use a complex fertilizer rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. Superphosphate is also suitable at a rate of 30-40 grams per 1 m2.
After 3 weeks you need to feed it a second time, this is necessary for the formation of fruits (10-15 grams of potassium salt per 1 m2). The third time nutrients are introduced after 3 weeks.
You should not overdo it with fertilizers; you can provoke the growth of tops and reduce the ovaries of the pods.
Pests and prevention
Beans are one of the few crops that not attacked by pests. Only slugs may appear.
Harvest dates depends on the varieties and types culture. Green beans should not be kept in the garden beds for too long; when dried, the product loses its value.
If you plan to preserve the legume crop, you can use any unripe fruits. But for winter preparations it is better to wait until the pods dry. The main thing is not to be late, so as not to collect beans from the ground later.
You should not pick all the pods at the same time on one day if some of them are completely dry and greenish. In the shade of their own tops, some ovaries could develop weaker; it is better to leave them to ripen.
To quickly remove the beans from their “houses,” it is not at all necessary to sort through each one by hand. A stick can do the job harvested crops can be harvested.
To do this, only dried pods are laid out on the blanket, and you need to walk through them with moderate effort using a simple tool. All that remains is to remove the dry part of the beans. The selected beans are still dried and only after sorting are sent for storage.
The agricultural technology of beans is simple; even a novice gardener can sow and grow them in the Moscow region, Ukraine, the Urals or Belarus. By carrying out all the procedures in a timely manner, we provide winter preparations with an incredibly healthy and nutritious product, which also diversifies the menu.