What kind of heating should be done in the country house? Do-it-yourself heating in the country

When building a summer house that you plan to visit or live in all year round, the pressing question arises of how to make the house warm. The correct choice of heating system layout is the primary task when solving this issue. There is no definite answer which of the systems is better: one- or two-pipe, since much depends on the specific conditions in a particular building.

Features of country heating

Water heating is modern and cheap

In most cases, a dacha is not a place of permanent residence, so heating a country house has the following specifics.

As a rule, a holiday village is located far from the main gas supply line. This circumstance forces us to look for another source of thermal energy and practically excludes the installation of gas boilers.

If the dacha has an organized electricity supply, then there are limitations on power and wiring installation. If, when the air temperature drops in the warm season, it is possible to use an air conditioner for heating, then in cold weather it will not help.

It is advisable to heat the cottage periodically. In this case, the risk of the system defrosting in extreme cold must be taken into account.

Heating of the premises should occur as quickly as possible.

Requirements for heating systems

When creating a heating system in a country house, to ensure its maximum efficiency, you should adhere to a number of recommendations and rules.

In order to maintain the continuity of coolant movement, the main riser should be properly insulated.

This is due to the fact that liquid movement is possible if the system is filled with water and there is a temperature difference.

If necessary, you can increase the speed of the coolant. This effect can be achieved by increasing the height of the pipeline and radiators. When creating such circulation conditions, this distance should not be less than three meters. To achieve this result in the absence of a basement, the boiler is placed in the basement at the height of the heating devices on the ground floor. In this case, it is recommended to move the center of the boiler down 150-200 mm relative to the axis of the radiators. For this purpose, a pit is constructed.

Most country heating systems operate on the principle of gravitational fluid circulation. The length of the pipeline structure does not exceed 15-30 m. As the length of the pipes increases, friction within the system does not allow heating to be carried out efficiently. To reduce the influence of this factor, it is advisable to use pipes of larger diameter and provide wide passage holes in the design of heating devices.

Heating system

Selecting the boiler type

As already noted, most summer cottages are not gasified. The reason for this is various technical difficulties associated with gas supply, so the option of using a gas boiler will not be considered.

Despite all the advantages and good technical and economic performance indicators of electric heating equipment, its use is associated with significant costs for paying for electrical energy. This option for heating a dacha is also, most often, unacceptable.

The most optimal boiler options for creating heating in a dacha with your own hands are equipment that runs on solid or liquid fuel. The availability of the energy source should also be taken into account.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the frequency of stay at the dacha. If it is visited from time to time, then it is not advisable to use water as a coolant. The use of water is possible during the period of a slight decrease in temperature in spring and autumn and its removal from the system in winter. For trouble-free operation in winter, it is necessary to fill the system with antifreeze.

Boiler designs

When choosing a heating device, you should primarily consider the type of energy carrier. When considering this issue, you should pay attention to its cost and the possibility of its delivery.
The second most important factor influencing the choice of boiler is the power of the equipment. On average, it is considered that for heating 10 sq.m. The room area required is 1 kW.

When designing a country heating system, it is necessary to take into account the installation location of the boiler equipment. It is recommended to take it outside the house and place it in an extension. In any case, the specific installation conditions determine the method of placing the boiler.

Let's consider options for heating equipment for a summer residence.

Liquid fuel boilers

Such units run on diesel fuel or. The latter option is more preferable, since the cost of fuel is significantly reduced. Liquid fuel equipment is attractive not so much for its efficiency as for the possibility of fully automating its operation.
Using diesel fuel does not allow for cost savings. At lower temperatures, fuel becomes more viscous, which prevents a stable combustion process. Such a boiler requires the construction of a separate room, since its operation is accompanied by loud noise.

Liquid fuel boiler

Solid fuel boilers

Despite the fact that it is necessary to constantly replenish firewood, the cost of solid fuel is not comparable with liquid fuel, and even more so with electricity and gas. You can save money by collecting dead wood in the nearest forest belt.

The disadvantage of this type of fuel is that it burns out quickly; one fill is enough to operate the boiler for no more than six hours. The installation increases the operating time of the equipment on one tab, but it is not practical to use them for a small area.

It is impossible to regulate the combustion temperature in solid fuel boilers. There is only one way to influence the combustion process: change the air supply using a damper. In addition, to store fuel reserves, the premises must be organized in a certain way.

Features of choosing pipe material

Until recently, metal was considered the traditional material for creating a heating system pipeline. However, welded steel structures are susceptible to corrosion, so they are replaced with galvanized or stainless steel pipes. Copper pipes, which are capable of operating under significant pressure drops, are considered to be the most reliable. However, all these materials have one significant drawback: significant cost.

Modern metal-plastic pipes are an excellent analogue to metal products. The material does not rust, has sufficient strength and is easy to install. Damage to such pipes is possible only in the event of significant temperature changes.

Solving the heating problem

The operating principle of water heating is not complicated. The design consists of a heating device, pipes and heating devices, which are closed into a single system.

The heating boiler creates the required temperature of the coolant, which uses water or antifreeze. The heated coolant moves through the pipeline to radiators, which are installed in heated rooms. The latter transfer the resulting heat into the atmosphere of the room, thereby warming it up. The coolant that has given off heat, moving through the pipes, returns to the boiler, where it is heated again. Then the cycle repeats.

Depending on the method of moving the coolant, the heating system can be with natural or forced circulation.

Coolant circulation system

Natural circulation

The operation of the heating system is based on the difference in density of heated and cold liquid. The heated coolant has less mass, so it moves upward when moving through the pipes. As it moves, the temperature decreases and the density of the substance decreases, so it tends downward when returning to the boiler.

The operation of the heating system in this case does not depend on electricity, which makes it completely autonomous. In addition, the design of such heating is significantly simplified.

The disadvantage of such a heating system is the significant length of the pipeline, as well as the need to use large diameter pipes. This circumstance increases the cost of the structure.

In addition, in this case it is necessary to create a pipe slope and there is no possibility of using modern heating devices.

Forced circulation

When creating a heating system in a country house with forced circulation of coolant, a pump is included in the circuit, creating pressure. Also, such a design provides for the installation of an expansion tank, which is necessary to remove excess fluid in the system. The design of the tank can be open or closed. Using the second option is preferable, since evaporation losses are eliminated. If the coolant is a non-freezing solution, then the tank must have a closed design. A pressure gauge is installed to control the pressure.

If such a heating design is used, it becomes possible to use less coolant, reduce the length of the pipeline and reduce the diameter of the pipes. The temperature can be adjusted in each heating device individually.

The circulation pump requires an electrical connection. Otherwise, the system will not work.

One- or two-pipe heating

Single pipe system

This design of the heating system is made in the form of a closed ring with heating devices connected in series. As the coolant passes through the radiators, it gives off heat and moves further until it reaches the last of them. After which the liquid is returned to the boiler. This system is used for heating buildings with an area of no more than 100 sq.m.

Single pipe system

The cost of installing a single-pipe heating system is not high and is not complicated. It does not require a large amount of materials to create it.

The serial connection of heating devices leads to the stoppage of the entire system if one of its elements fails. The large length of the pipeline leads to significant heat losses. To regulate the heat transfer of radiators, the purchase and installation of additional thermostats is required.

Two-pipe system

This heating scheme can be used to heat houses with different areas and number of floors. It consists of two pipeline lines. One of them serves to supply coolant to heating devices, and the other to drain liquid from them.

Two-pipe system

This design has a number of advantages compared to a single-pipe system. In this case, it is possible to regulate the supply of coolant to each radiator individually, which allows you to create a uniform temperature regime in the rooms. It is also possible to install modern radiators. A breakdown in one section of the structure does not stop the operation of the entire system.

The cost of constructing a two-pipe heating system in a country house increases significantly. This is due to increased labor intensity of installation and a greater need for materials. However, despite the increase in the length of the pipes, this disadvantage is compensated by a decrease in their diameter, which reduces costs.

What are the requirements for heating a summer house? What to look for when choosing equipment? How to organize the system? Which energy resources are better to bet on? How to calculate your expenses? You will learn about this in this article.

Unlike residents of apartment buildings, owners of private cottages have to solve a number of pressing issues in organizing efficient heating and saving the resulting heat. In some ways, it’s even more difficult for summer residents, since the vast majority of suburban villages do not have a centralized infrastructure. Not only is a gasified house considered a great rarity; in many places there are serious problems with electricity supply, which is extremely unstable, so, willy-nilly, almost alternative heat sources are in favor among Russians. The situation is made a little easier by the fact that we usually don’t live at the dacha all year round, which means we only need to survive outings during the off-season months, and perhaps a couple of days in the winter.

If we talk about the implementation of heating a country house, then first you need to decide on some fundamental points. For example, what do we consider a dacha? For some, this is a small one-story building, not burdened with insulation. For others - a medium-sized, full-fledged cottage, perhaps even a real mansion. The second point is how the country house is operated. Practice shows that three options need to be considered, depending on which it will be advisable to choose one or another type of heating:

The owners come on weekends and holidays. In winter the dacha is empty.
People visit the house regularly; in winter it is necessary to maintain positive temperatures.
The dacha is a place of permanent residence.

Basic criteria for choosing heating equipment for a summer residence

To find the most effective heating method for specific conditions, it is necessary to understand what functional and operational features characterize modern heating equipment. Let's figure out what criteria users and manufacturers use to compare boilers, stoves and heaters.

Fuel type

Obviously, this is the main point, since equipment operating on different types of energy carriers differs in many respects. However, it should be noted that energy efficiency here fades into the background (all types of systems have become equal in their efficiency, confidently striving for one hundred percent), and the first roles are given to ease of use and economic benefits. Further in the article we will not delve into heating based on the energy of the sun or heat from the bowels of the earth, we will dwell on real and affordable options, consider all the pros and cons. This is electricity and “everything that burns.”

So, heating can be:

electrical;
gas (main gas, imported gas);
on liquid fuel (fuel oil, diesel fuel, used machine oil...);
on solid fuel (firewood, flights, coal, peat briquettes, grain waste...);
combined boilers.

Autonomy

For a holiday village, this can be a vital requirement - as we said, engineering communications can be a disaster. In fact, very few heating systems are completely independent of external supplies, mainly electricity.

Firstly, most modern boilers are equipped with electrical control/monitoring systems, so if the lights go out, they stop working. Some (usually imported copies) are extremely sensitive to changes in voltage and frequency; they cannot function without stabilizers.

The second point is the presence of electric blower fans, which provide air flow into the combustion chambers or transport heated air through ducts to various rooms of the building.

The third nuance is circulation pumps, which also require 220 volts. They are installed to forcibly increase the speed of movement of liquid coolants through the pipes. This allows you to choose convenient routes for laying pipelines and even optimize the system in terms of heat engineering, but autonomy is completely lost. Meanwhile, there is a completely independent gravitational system, tested for decades, which is now considered archaic.

Important. Some electric-dependent boilers resume operation automatically after turning the light off and on, while others require a manual reboot.

It turns out that even wood-burning boilers can only be partially autonomous, pay attention to this. The problem of heating dependence on the availability/stability of electricity can be partially solved by the emergency use of generators.

Mobility

If heating is needed occasionally (off-season), then it makes sense to choose equipment that can be brought with you or dismantled for the winter and summer. As a rule, it is not tied to chimneys, air duct systems and pipelines with radiators. Obviously, modest dimensions and low weight are important here. Truly mobile heaters can be quickly deployed in any room depending on current needs.

Features of the coolant

In principle, several approaches can be distinguished.

Units that heat liquids transported through pipelines. Heat exchangers are located on the walls (radiators) or in the floor (pipe heated floor); such systems are perfect for uniformly distributing heat between all rooms of large houses, including two-story ones, and can also heat separate buildings. Water heating by a system of taps and thermal heads is well regulated, does not burn oxygen, operates quietly, and due to its heat capacity maintains the operating temperature for a long time. The disadvantages of this type of heating are: inertness (takes a long time to heat up), additional costs for pipelines, complexity of installation, and stationary nature. Also, in the event of an accident in winter, water can freeze in the pipes and damage them. For the winter, the water needs to be drained and also prepared when filling the system. The problem of defrosting pipelines is partially solved if antifreeze is used instead of water as a coolant.

Air heating. Heat can be transferred directly using heated air if it is forced through insulated ducts to various rooms of the house. The main advantage of this method is the uniform distribution of heat. Many heating systems do not have air ducts; they heat the masses in the immediate vicinity, and they are mixed with cold air through convective movement. Sometimes this process can be enhanced by fans (various convectors). In any case, the air increases its temperature from contact with a heated surface, no matter whether it is rough stone, a hot spiral, a hot boiler casing, or a floor covering lying on top of a heated film floor.

This also includes long-wave infrared units that heat the “processed” surfaces, and from them the air is heated. Air heating works quickly (we can create comfortable conditions in the shortest possible time), it is the least material-intensive (therefore, economical), as a rule, it is mobile, and can be integrated with the ventilation and air conditioning system. The disadvantage of ductless air heating is one unpleasant effect - the further the room is from the stove, the colder it is. Such systems work well in relatively small houses with a minimum of partitions - this is, in fact, what the average dacha looks like.

Nowadays, peculiar hybrids have become quite widespread: these are stoves and boilers, which, in addition to a water jacket or a built-in coil, have well-developed air intakes or non-insulated housings. All heating units with a hob should also be included here - it heats up well, and the room where the boiler is located no longer needs to install radiators.

Economical

It is best to compare furnaces and boilers according to this characteristic, taking into account the cost of the energy consumed to achieve the same power per unit of time. It turns out that we need to know how much fuel the heating unit “burns” in kilograms (liters, cubes) to produce one kilowatt of thermal energy. Knowing the power of the boiler, we obtain exact figures for heating costs, for example, per day.

First of all, heating operating costs depend on the type (read: cost) of energy consumed - the price of a kilowatt of heat can vary significantly. The second is the efficiency of the boiler, it depends on the type of design: how completely the heat is removed from the medium, and how much of it is lost. Note that the efficiency of the equipment decreases sharply if poorly prepared fuel is used. For example, in gas it can be ballast impurities; for firewood, heat release is reduced by excess humidity. Below we provide approximate calculations for the main types of systems.

There is also such a thing as efficiency, which essentially talks about the gluttony of the unit (like gasoline consumption per 100 kilometers for a car). The higher the efficiency, the cheaper it will cost us to own a boiler. Its calculation is confusing and incomprehensible to the average user; foreign and domestic manufacturers calculate it using different methods. Very often, the sky-high efficiency indicators of “innovative” boilers exist only on paper, so let’s leave it for consideration by professionals.

Do not forget about the initial cost of heating equipment and all other elements of the system (pipes, radiators, air ducts, chimneys...). Not all know-how can be affordable for a simple gardener. Not all units, even the most economical ones, will be able to pay for themselves when used in summer cottages - you will have to find a middle ground.

Power

The power of the heating boiler is selected depending on the size of the cottage. A boiler that is too powerful will cause excessive energy consumption; in addition, equipment for large premises is more expensive. A boiler that is too weak may not cope with heating. The general formula for selecting power is quite simple: for every 10 m 2 of a house (with a ceiling height of no more than 3 meters), you must have 1 kW of equipment power. This is for normally insulated buildings in the Moscow climate zone. And, for example, for the northern regions, a power-increasing factor of 1.8-2 is used. Poorly insulated or summer cottages during winter operation require a significant adjustment for heat loss - you will have to use equipment twice or even three times more powerful.

Ease of use

Most of all, users are interested in whether the boiler can operate in automatic mode, how often maintenance is done and how much it costs. For solid fuel systems, it is important how often it is necessary to load a new portion of fuel, and how often it is necessary to remove ash. We must not forget that many energy resources require preparation and special storage containers/areas. Not the last question: a specific sample of heating equipment is installed in any room, or it can only be located in the utility room.

Selecting heating equipment for a summer residence based on the type of energy carrier

Gas heating

The use of boilers running on natural main gas is the most successful solution for heating any private homes. The undoubted advantages of gas boilers include:

low cost of energy;
the ability to operate the system in automatic mode;
cleanliness of the process (no: waste, odors, harmful emissions, hazardous combustion products).

Let's also point out the disadvantages:

Not all villages are gasified;
the cost of connecting to the gas main can cost several hundred thousand rubles; installation and commissioning of the boiler costs 15-25 thousand;
strict installation requirements (mandatory chimney, minimum room dimensions, etc.);
almost all modern gas boilers depend on electricity;
once a year it is necessary to carry out equipment maintenance and check the meter.

Gas boilers can operate on both regular and liquefied gas - they only need to be slightly modified. Some models (usually low power) may include special additional parts. The use of liquefied gas allows the operation of gas installations in autonomous mode. For this purpose, imported cylinders or gas holders (large steel tanks for pumping gas) are used. The cost of heating equipment using a gas holder will be up to 300-400 thousand, but the cost of gas will be less than if it is brought in cylinders.

For the calculation, let’s take a house of 150 m2 - this is a boiler with a thermal power of 15-16 kW. About 1.3 kg of liquefied gas is needed per hour of work - at a price of 30 rubles per kilogram, this is almost 40 rubles per hour - 960 rubles per day.

Main gas consumption is up to 1.6 cubic meters per hour. At a price of about 5 rubles per cubic meter, that’s 8 rubles per hour, or up to 200 rubles per day.

The cost of imported gas boilers starts at 750 USD. That is, Russian analogues are about 30 percent cheaper.

Electric heating

Heating using electricity can be carried out by boilers that heat the coolant liquid, or locally - convectors, oil heaters, heated floors, heat guns, infrared devices such as UFO. Electric heating is in any case the most compact and convenient. To implement it, you do not need a chimney; the equipment can be installed anywhere. Such systems lend themselves well to automation and precise power control; they require virtually no maintenance.

Electric heating also has disadvantages. Firstly, problems may arise if the power supply is disconnected or unstable. Secondly, the energy consumption limit may be limited, which can be very important for holiday villages. As a rule, approval is required for the installation of equipment with a power of more than 10 kW, and three-phase power is also required. The most important thing is the high cost of energy. A boiler with a capacity of 14-15 kW will “use” about 350 kW per day, with a kilowatt price of 4 rubles - that comes out to 1,400 rubles.

The cost of an electric boiler is quite moderate, for example, the Stealth-14L model from the Galan company has a price of about 600 USD. e. The Skat model from Proterm costs approximately the same. But branded equipment of the same power will be twice as expensive (Bosch Tronic PTE 14).

Mobile electric heating has the same advantages as stationary heating (boiler), but in this case you can do without piping - one convector or oil heater with a power of 1.5-2 kW is installed in each room. Electricity costs will be similar, but if necessary, you can quickly change the configuration of the entire system; at the end of the heating season, you can remove all equipment. For comparison: a good quality one and a half kilowatt convector from European companies (Electrolux ECH/AG-1500 EF or UFO ECH/15) costs about 100-120 USD. e.

Heating for a summer residence using liquid fuel

Diesel boilers are not widely used, but for a country house this is a completely acceptable practical option. Liquid fuel boilers are produced in a floor-standing design; they always depend on electricity, since their design uses forced-air fans. Fuel enters the combustion chamber from a special container with a volume of 1.5-5 tons. The obvious advantages of diesel systems are:

good automation of work;
fine adjustment available;
the possibility of converting equipment to natural gas (for example, if gasification of a village is planned).

The disadvantages of diesel boilers are also known:

electrical addiction;
the need for regular maintenance;
stationarity (requires a boiler room, chimney, pipelines, large tanks, access roads...);
low quality of domestic diesel fuel;
high price of the heat received.

A diesel boiler consumes approximately 0.08 liters of diesel fuel per hour to produce a kilowatt of thermal energy. We remind you that we are calculating a house of 150 m2, this is 15-16 kW/h of heat - 1.28 liters of fuel per hour. In monetary terms, this is about 40 rubles per hour, or 960 rubles per day, which is comparable to prices for liquefied gas.

The cost of a diesel fuel boiler is around 1000-1500 USD. e. (KITURAMI STSO-13R, Buderus Logano G125 SE, Navien LST-17K).

Buderus Logano G125 SE

A type of liquid fuel boiler is equipment that can operate on waste machine oil and some types of vegetable oil. The performance characteristics of these units are almost the same as those of diesel engines. As for operating costs, for clarity, we present the following figures: fuel consumption of the 30-kilowatt DanVex B30 model (Finland) is about 3.3 liters per hour - that is, about a liter per kW. The cost of the Finnish miracle is about 10,000 USD. That is, there are also simpler cars, for example, De Dietrich (France) with a price of 4000 USD. e.

Heating with solid fuel

Solid fuel heating systems use coal, firewood, pellets, and various agricultural wastes as energy sources. They can heat the coolant, or release heat directly into the air.

The main attractiveness of boilers that run on wood, peat briquettes and coal is the availability of fuel and its low cost. In addition, the equipment is relatively inexpensive. Most of these units do not rely on electricity. The disadvantages of such units can be considered the need to make several fuel additions per day - there is no automation of the process. The organization of a chimney is mandatory. The efficiency of the equipment directly depends on the calorie content of the fuel and the degree of its preparation - the firewood must be dried (ideally, about a year). It is necessary to organize covered areas for storing firewood/coal/pellets.

The approximate coal consumption of a 15 kW boiler is about 3 kg/hour, firewood will need up to 7 kg per hour, and pellets - 3.5. Depending on prices in a particular area (they vary greatly), you can calculate operating costs.

Among solid fuel units, several groups of equipment can be distinguished:

Conventional boilers using liquid coolant, which can be supplemented with electric heaters. For example, Dakon DOR F priced from 800 USD. e., or ATMOS D 15 - from 1000 USD. e.

Dakon DOR F

Pyrolysis boilers(long-burning boilers without access to oxygen) - Buderus Logano S121-2 WT, Bosch Solid 5000 W-2 - at a price of about 2500 USD. e.

Pellet boilers(work on special granules, which are automatically fed from a hopper) - Galmet Expert GT-KWP M, Altep KT-2E-SH (up to 3000 USD).

Galmet Expert GT-KWP M

Stoves, fireplaces, including those with cooking burners - OLYMP (Serbia) or Wamsler Cliff (Hungary) at a price of about 800 USD. e.

Buleryans(a modern analogue of a potbelly stove, a heating stove with two working chambers) from various manufacturers, the average price for a 15 kW unit is about 450 USD. e.

When choosing equipment for heating a dacha, you must be guided by the operating features of the house and the availability of a particular coolant. Practice shows that the most successful for a country house are hybrid units - for example, firewood is used during the day, and electricity is used at night (you can even get night tariffs from the authorities). As for the performance of a furnace or boiler, it makes sense to have a small, up to 20%, power reserve. However, do not forget that you can seriously save money on heating if you insulate your home well. Yes, and don’t write off the good old stone stove, if you put it in order and learn how to heat it, then boilers and fireplaces will not be needed.

The climate control equipment market includes dozens of heater models, thanks to which owners of country houses can choose the best option.

For example, if people live in a modern home for a long time, then it is better to use gas, electric, diesel and solid fuel boilers.

In old buildings Electric heaters are often used and perform their functions perfectly. The classic options are metal and brick stoves.

Heating old country houses: which is better?

Most owners of old dachas build ovens or ordinary brick pillars. The fact is that not every settlement is equipped with gas supply.

In such dachas for the winter turn off the electricity supply, and for water, metal pipes laid on the surface of the earth are used. Speak about water heating in the cold season in this case there is no point.

The main fuel in these buildings is firewood and coal. Thanks to the ovens that are necessary heat regularly (at least once a day), it is not always possible to quickly obtain the desired temperature. Often residents of old dachas buy additional electric heaters so that upon arrival at the dacha you can immediately turn them on and make up for the lack of heat.

Features of brick kilns

To understand the principle by which brick kilns work, it is worth considering their central place, namely firebox for firewood Good heating to the required temperature will be possible only if the following two conditions:

Regular supply of oxygen, which supports the flame.
Constant elimination from the firebox combustion products.

The supply of fresh air to the firebox is ensured thanks to blower door or ash pan. Combustion products gradually rise along the stone structure, entering a special hole through the combustion chamber and exiting through the chimney.

Exist different design features brick ovens, each of which has its own specific nuances. The most common models for dachas are “Dutch”, Russian, fireplace stoves and “Swedish”.

Among benefits brick kilns are as follows:

compact dimensions;
large selection of designs;
possibility of equipping the cottage with an oven and stove;
fire safety.

The stoves also have several shortcomings:

labor-intensive masonry, requiring practical skills in construction;
high cost of the material used.

Specifics of metal furnaces

In such ovens fuel is placed according to a peculiar principle so that there is practically no space between the elements. If we talk about firewood, they are arranged in the form of a cage. The most dense bookmark will burn for a very long time (sometimes the temperature can remain up to up to 24 hours). The firewood begins to smolder and release thermal energy. Fresh air from outside is supplied to a special zone, and not into the combustion chamber itself.

Since the main material for assembling such furnaces is metal, the key features of this design depend on it.

Metal does not accumulate heat well. However, its thermal conductivity relative to the heat capacity is considered higher compared to frame baked bricks.

Metal furnaces are characterized by such dignity:

excellent heat dissipation ( Efficiency is more than 80 percent);
compact dimensions;
reliability (cast iron is characterized by ideal performance indicators);
unusual design.

Among shortcomings furnaces are distinguished:

lack of heat accumulation capability;
the impossibility of creating a comfortable temperature in large dachas;
low level of fire safety compared to brick structures.

What types of heaters are there?

One of the most popular and in demand is considered gas heaters. They do their job from propane-butane or from a gas pipeline. In small dachas they usually install gas convectors and infrared heaters. Such models are easy to use, are considered economical and have good efficiency. The only drawback is the consumption of a large amount of gas, which often hits your pocket hard.

The second type is best suited for a dacha - electric heaters. They are divided into certain subspecies:

Oily heaters. The most economical models for a summer residence. The main disadvantage is the long heating process to operating temperature and the heavy weight of the product.
Fan heaters. They attract users with their small size and light weight. A significant drawback is the minimum volume of heated space.
Electrical convectors. Such heaters occupy a small area, are safe, operate quietly and warm up the room perfectly.
Infrared heaters. IR rays do not heat the air space, but nearby objects. The main disadvantage is the rapid cooling of the product.

Nuances of infrared film operation

The specificity of how infrared film works is that it emits heat rays. This process is comparable to heating asphalt in summer under the influence of the sun.

Important! When using this type of heater saves up to 25 percent electricity consumption at the dacha.

Almost all infrared films have their own technical and operational features:

mains power is 220 V;
power consumption at its peak is equal to 210 W/sq. m.;
per day electricity consumed by 20-60 W/sq. m;
Maximum temperature IR film is 55 degrees Celsius;
film dimensions in width - 50-100 cm.;
up to the maximum temperature of the product heats up in a few minutes.

This type of heating is characterized by the following: advantages:

quick installation;
ease of care;
after installation, the height of the dacha ceilings will not become smaller;
the ability to lay any floor coverings on top of heating layers without a drop in temperature.

According to customer reviews, such heaters have negative points:

the system can quickly fail when interacting with thin or sharp objects;
the film increases the electrostaticity of surfaces, so dust is constantly attracted to them.

How to heat a modern cottage in winter?

Newer buildings use systems that heat up quickly premises of the required area, drain liquid from the pipeline with water heating, have solid power in order to effectively warm up a house with low thermal insulation properties, and so on. This is about boilers, actively used by owners of modern country houses.

With the help of such equipment there is constant water circulation, heated to a certain temperature, through pipes to the batteries and back. During pipeline laying metal, polypropylene or metal-plastic products are used. They are considered durable and can last for decades provided that the boiler is used correctly.

Boilers as the basis of heating systems

Gas boilers are quite common products and attract customers affordable price, and availability of fuel. They are characterized by maximum automation, high efficiency and reliability. Moreover, some models are installed at the dacha exclusively in rooms with good ventilation and access to the street.

Photo 1. Scheme of water heating of a dacha using a boiler with an additional expansion tank.

Electric boilers are different the most expensive service, but the high price is paid for by such advantages as: convenience and ease of operation, simple installation, no open flame (high level of safety). On the other side, such models, while maintaining the temperature, consume too much electricity and require separate wiring if three-phase equipment is installed.

The most difficult to maintain counts solid fuel boiler. It is often used in dachas as a main or auxiliary heating device. Among advantages distinguished by unpretentiousness to fuel quality, ease of operation and maintenance. Low efficiency and low productivity - flaws such boilers.

The last variety is liquid fuel boilers that have become popular due to their high efficiency and good autonomy. The only one disadvantage The cost of maintenance and the price of consumables is considered high.

Classified boilers for:

Copper.
Cast iron.
Steel.

Principle of operation boilers is quite simple. The building heats up thanks to increasing the temperature of the coolant in the heat exchanger structures, after which water begins to flow from pipes to radiators. When heat is supplied through the air, it comes back and heats up again up to a certain temperature.

Reference! Wall-mounted boilers are often equipped copper heat exchangers with less weight, and floor-mounted ones - cast iron and steel.

Devices are working on liquid, solid or gaseous fuel, some boilers use several types at once. Such units have built-in universal burners. When choosing the devices described above, it is recommended to pay attention to the maximum power, temperature and type of fuel used, the presence of certain functions, as well as the material of manufacture and other parameters.

Useful video

A video comparing different types of heaters: which one allows you to heat your dacha most efficiently?

Thermal insulation is an important component

Reliable thermal insulation is truly considered the basis of all country houses and dachas. With her help heating costs are reduced, emissions of dust, gases and soot are reduced, which improves the environment. The optimal temperature of the floor, walls and ceilings has a significant impact on creating comfortable indoor conditions. Good thermal insulation allows you to maintain the building in good condition and improves the quality of life.

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Most of our summer residents cannot boast that they have a full-fledged house on their plots. After all, mostly country houses are light, poorly insulated buildings, which are unlikely to fully fall under the definition of “residential building.” To do this, it is necessary, at a minimum, to connect it to the appropriate utilities.

And if you can still be content with the fact that water and “conveniences” are on the street, then heating in the country, given the peculiarities of our climate, is simply necessary. Many companies offer services (and promise that it will not cost much) for the installation of a complete and efficient heating system. But does this make sense in relation to a dacha?

Firstly, with rare exceptions, the owner works on the site only during the season, and permanently resides in a nearby village. But any system requires maintenance. For example, drain the water, service the components of the circuit, and so on.

Secondly, no matter what is stated in the advertising brochures, it will not be possible to do this “virtually for nothing”. The investment will be quite significant for the family budget.

Thirdly, even if under some promotion (let’s say!) we are the ones who are supplied and connected inexpensively with the necessary equipment, then how can we save all this? After all, most gardening partnerships are not guarded, and in terms of theft, any dacha is an object of increased risk ().

The conclusion suggests itself - it’s not worth installing units from the “boiler equipment” category at your dacha.

And then what? Let's consider the possible options in relation to what type of fuel will be used. At the same time, we will focus only on those (and there are quite a lot of them) that are suitable for a small country house and will not require significant financial expenses.

Gas

Which of the “ordinary” Russians can boast of a gasified dacha? Yes, there are such areas, but on them there are not “sheds”, but full-fledged cottages, and they are owned by those who are usually called “VIPs”. For them, who are not experiencing financial difficulties, the question of “cheap and cheerful” does not arise. There is only one thing left - a gas cylinder.

If you have your own car, there is no problem finding a gas station - an excellent option. Moreover, a heating boiler is not needed. There are devices called “outdoor heaters”. They are attractive because they are suitable not only for heating a house, but also, for example, a barbecue area, an open veranda, a playground, even flower beds or seedlings.

Considering their mobility (all models are portable), this is the optimal, most universal solution to the problem of heating in a country house. For those who are interested in this issue, we recommend.

Electricity

Power outages in suburban areas occur quite often. But at what time? Mainly with the onset of cold weather, when wires break due to gusts of wind or the weight of ice, and repairmen cannot quickly arrive at the scene of an accident due to snow drifts. Otherwise, everything is fine with this - almost all dacha areas are “electrified”.

But what devices are best to use, given their huge range?

IR heaters

Probably the best option for heating a dacha.

can be installed anywhere (ceiling, walls), even under the cladding. Considering the cramped conditions in the house, this is quite a significant advantage;
various engineering solutions. For example, film (PLEN), which can be “hidden” even under wallpaper. There is a choice for every taste, so you don’t have to make “revolutionary” changes either in the layout or in the arrangement of furniture;
In terms of electricity consumption, IR devices are one of the most economical heaters (all of them).

Oil heaters

They can confidently claim a “silver medal” in our rating. Their light weight and dimensions allow them to be positioned in a way that is convenient for the owners. They heat up more slowly, but when they “disperse”, they keep the heat for quite a long time even after turning it off. For the winter it will not be difficult to load it into the trunk and take it to the garage, so the issue of theft in the event of thieves breaking in is not an issue.

Fan heaters

Deservedly (for the dacha) - 3rd position. Such a device can be carried in a regular shopping bag, since it is light in weight. It heats quickly, efficiently, and circulates air throughout the room. There is only one drawback - it cannot be used for a long time without a shutdown break. But for a small house, 10 - 15 minutes is enough to raise the temperature to the optimum.

All other types of heat generators for a small dacha are hardly worth using. Let us note some possible options, evaluating them from the point of view of the feasibility of use, taking into account the main disadvantages.

Electric fireplaces (reflectors)

They heat the room to a limited extent, only around themselves. Consequently, you will need a rather massive device (both in size and weight).
They dry out the room greatly. Some people are quite sensitive to a sharp decrease in humidity, which is why not everyone likes such heaters.

Furnaces

The oven will need quite a lot of space.
You will have to think about preparing and storing fuel reserves (firewood, briquettes, coal or a container for a solarium).
Impressive dimensions. Therefore, reinstallation will not be as easy as an oil cooler.
And what is important, you will have to constantly monitor the stove. Is it convenient to run back and forth if the owners are working on the site? Especially if it runs on liquid fuel. Otherwise, instead of weeding the beds, you will have to put out the fire.

The article outlines the vision of the problem of heating a country house based on economy and efficiency. But these are only recommended options, since each site and building has its own characteristics.

A house located on a summer cottage is most often used not for permanent residence, but seasonally or on weekends. Therefore, heating a country house should provide fast heating, economical fuel consumption, and ease of use.

We will select an effective heating system at minimal cost
Our range includes high-quality equipment at the best prices
We guarantee reliable installation, configuration and maintenance of the system

Fill out an application on our website. A professional consultant will call you back to discuss all the details. And we will develop a functional heating system taking into account your wishes, housing characteristics, distance from communications, and availability of fuel.

Requirements for heating a country house

When using a summer house as a seasonal residence, it is not rational to install a stationary heating system. It requires constant maintenance and high costs. It is better to abandon water and oil systems, which require a boiler and piping. Air heating is also not a very good option; it requires constant supervision and installation - this is not a cheap pleasure.

More suitable for occasional use:

stove heating using solid fuel;
local gas or air;
electrical (IFK);
convector

These heating methods will quickly warm up the room. It is true that you need to take care of a fuel supply or a constant power supply. Therefore, we recommend that with the main heating system, for example, electric heating, you have a backup system using solid fuel.

Options for heating systems for country houses

All heating systems for summer cottages are classified according to the type of coolant:

electrical;
air heating;
steam;
water.

Due to the fact that summer cottages are, as a rule, located scatteredly, unlike cottage villages, heating a country house with electricity is most in demand. This option is advisable if you are far from the main communications. The cost of the heating system, which depends on the choice of fuel, is also important.

We offer high-quality, affordable heating equipment of various types:

gas;
electrical;
liquid and solid fuel.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Natural gas is considered the cheapest, diesel fuel is the most expensive. It is worth considering not only the price of fuel, but also the cost:

boiler and all components;
installation work;
after-sales service.

Stove heating of the dacha

This is the most popular summer cottage heating, the advantages of which are its small size and quick heating of the room. A steel or cast iron stove, which is heated with wood and has no smoke circulation, heats itself and heats the air. The chimney is directly connected to the firebox. Modern ovens can be used for cooking and have several modes. The heat capacity can be increased by making the surface of the stove ribbed or lining the inside with ceramics.

We will select a stove of the required power for your home, install the equipment and chimney.

Gas local country heating

Equipment running on natural gas has high heat transfer, warming up the room in 15-20 minutes. This efficiency is achieved thanks to heat accumulators - special elements that accumulate heat and cool slowly. Such a stove can be connected to a gas pipeline or to a cylinder. This heating system is more complex to operate and requires skill. Compared to solid fuel, gas heating will cost 30-50% more.

Air and convective heating of a country house

heating by fireplaces;
air heaters;
oil radiators;
convectors.

They are distinguished by good mobility, ease of use, and compactness, which is important for a summer residence. The devices are able to quickly warm up the air, but do not accumulate heat and cool down quickly when turned off.

Fan heaters dry the air, so they need to be turned off periodically. The weakness of this option is high energy consumption and dependence on power supply.

Economical and environmentally friendly stationary convectors are practical and easy to use. However, this option is suitable for a dacha if you live there permanently.

IFC for a summer residence

Infrared heaters are most interesting for summer residents. The system is compact, economical, does not dry out the air, and is installed under the ceiling. The main advantage is the possibility of remote control. IFCs can be:

film - two electrical insulating films with conductive paths between them;
panel - heating element, reflector and conductive plate, assembled in a flat housing.

Make your choice and fill out the application form on the website. We will fulfill all your wishes for heating your dacha. If you have any questions, request a call back, our consultants will help you understand all the nuances.