How to grow peanuts in a garden in Siberia. Peanuts: growing in open ground

Groundnuts (peanuts) are a tasty and at the same time healthy food, which contains a large complex of elements important for the body. This plant is quite unpretentious, but few people know how to grow peanuts and provide them with proper care.

Optimal timing for planting

Experienced agronomists are confident that the most suitable time to plant peanuts in open ground is May: at this time the soil has already warmed up enough and will not harm the seeds. However, you should still focus on the growing region. If in your area they occur even in late spring, it is better to postpone planting to early summer.

Selecting a location

Before planting peanuts, you need to find a good place for it and create optimal conditions for it there.

When choosing a location, it is important to consider that photophilous plant, however, he also takes light shading calmly. For planting, it is extremely important to get rid of snow and dry out as quickly as possible. Cold winds have a negative impact on yields.

Did you know? Peanuts first came to us in 1792, they were brought from Turkey. Today this plant is grown on a large scale in China, India, Nigeria, and Indonesia.

Lighting

Peanuts love light and warmth. Even the slightest shading will lead to rapid plant growth, slower development of vegetative organs, and a reduction in the number of fruits. The need for warmth remains throughout.

The soil

Since the peanut fruit grows directly in the plant, its quality and texture are of key importance. This plant needs s neutral pH, which is rich in calcium and magnesium. The ideal option is light and as loose as possible, which allows air and water to pass through well. In addition, it should contain some amount of sand. Before planting, the soil must be enriched.

Predecessors

To obtain a good harvest, plants that previously grew on this land play an important role. Peanuts will develop best after, and. But, on the contrary, they can lead to the development of rot on the roots, so it is better to refrain from planting peanuts in their place.

Preparing the site before planting

Basic soil preparation is layer-by-layer stubble peeling, which will allow for maximum removal, and raising the plowed land to a depth of 30 cm. The first work is carried out immediately after harvesting the predecessors, the depth of the first treatment is 6 cm, the second is deeper: 11 cm.

In early spring, harrowing is carried out transversely or diagonally. Early treatment is carried out during the emergence of annuals. Cultivation should be carried out only on dry soil; it is recommended to do this 30 minutes before sowing.

Peanut sowing pattern and depth

Planting peanuts in open ground is best done using the square-nest method. The most commonly used scheme 60 × 60 cm, however, no one prohibits planting in other ways, for example, wide-row, when the width between rows is 65 cm and the distance between plants is 20 cm.
To obtain good seedlings, use only large seeds, which are planted to a depth of 7 cm. It is recommended to place at least three seeds in each hole.

Complete the planting with abundant. The water pressure should be low so as not to wash away or expose the seeds. It is better to repeat the manipulations several times until puddles appear.

Care and cultivation techniques

The main agrotechnical techniques for successful cultivation of peanuts are fertilizing, hilling and loosening. Of course, we should not forget about plant protection and prevention.

Watering, weeding and loosening

On average, the need for batteries by development phase is as follows:

shoots before the appearance of three leaves - phosphorus;
branching - and ;
the appearance of buds - nitrogen;
flowering period - phosphorus;
legume formation - nitrogen and potassium.

It would be useful to add rotted or early crops in the fall. Peanuts are extremely sensitive to fractional application before tillage, during sowing and as top dressing.

Hilling up bushes

Throughout the growing season, peanuts are earthed approximately five times. The correctness and frequency of execution directly affects the yield. The first time such work is carried out is on the tenth day after the end of the flowering period, when the fruitful shoots descend into the ground.

Before creating a high enough slide (6 cm), it is recommended to water the soil thoroughly. This will increase the number of tiers in which the future harvest will be stored. Subsequently, hilling is carried out every 10 days.

Pest and disease control

To avoid damage by cercospora, you need to monitor and isolate new crops from last year's. If this does not help, it is recommended to treat the area with a 1% solution or available substitutes. To prevent plants from getting sick with Fusarium wilt, you need to include crops in your crop rotation.

Peanuts can suffer from Alternaria, phyllosticosis and gray rot. Get rid of these problems by processing resolved

HOW TO GROW PEANUTS AT THE COUNTRY?

Peanut is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the legume family. Peanuts occupy a leading position among legumes in terms of nutritional value. The oil contained in peanut seeds is a fairly valuable food product, as a result of which it is quite popular in Europe. Peanuts can be consumed in several forms: fried, dried, salted, candied. After extracting the peanut oil, a cake remains, which is also used for making halva and in the confectionery industry.

Growing peanuts in the countryside is not difficult; you just need to remember a few rules.

It is best to grow zoned varieties of peanuts. It is better to buy seeds in specialized departments - those purchased on the market can be imported from another climatic zone, and they are not always suitable for growing in a given area.

You can grow peanuts in a country plot or garden - this is a very interesting and useful activity. The growing season of the crop falls on the spring-summer period, so it can be cultivated in moderately cold regions. However, to obtain a guaranteed harvest, in areas with cool summers, peanuts are often grown by seedlings. An open sunny area, protected from cold winds, is allocated for it.

The soil suitable for cultivation is loamy, chernozem and sandy loam. During deep digging in the fall, organic fertilizers are applied under the peanuts, and humus and sand are added to the heavy black soil. In the spring, before sowing seeds, the soil is cultivated, clearing it of weed roots, harrowed and furrows made.

Only well-ripened grains are used as planting material. They are darker in color, large in diameter, without wrinkles on the skin. It is better not to use thin light grains for sowing.

Peanuts are often called groundnuts, since the development of their beans occurs at a depth of about 10 centimeters underground. The growth process itself is quite interesting: after fertilization, the peanut ovary grows, and a peduncle begins to grow into the soil, which bends towards the ground. Peanut seeds should be sown when the soil is warmed to 12 degrees Celsius.

They begin to prepare the area for it in the fall, and in the spring it is leveled and rows are marked out. In a row, the distance between plants is maintained at approximately 25-30 cm, and between rows at least 70 cm. Before planting, the nuts are peeled and at the end of April - at the beginning of May they are planted with two or three nuts in each hole.

You can also grow peanuts in seedlings; for this, seeds are placed in peat pots with a nutrient mixture and sprinkled with soil. Seedlings are planted in beds at 25-30 days of age, together with a peat pot, or planted in places where the crop has not sprouted for some reason.

The planting depth is no more than 5-8 cm. The plantings are not watered until they sprout, since the May soil is quite wet. Immediately after emergence, peanuts begin to bloom with yellow flowers. Hilling is done 20 days after flowering, at which time the formation of beans begins. At the same time, peanuts are fed with complex fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium. Peanuts themselves, like all legumes, enrich the soil with nitrogen. The plants are weeded only until the leaves close, and then they themselves suppress the weeds.

Hill up, almost completely covering the bush. After some time, the bushes, now more powerful, rise again, and the time comes for repeated hilling. This hilling is carried out several times until the rows of peanuts close together. The more often and better the hilling procedure is carried out, the heavier the peanut harvest will be. If there is no rain for a long time, then very moderate watering (sprinkling) should be carried out.

When there is about a month left before harvesting, watering peanuts should be completely stopped. Ripe peanuts are characterized by the fact that the grain is easily separated from the shell. Overripe peanuts begin to grow deeper.

Peanut bushes are dug up in early October, in dry weather, and a shovel should be used as a tool. The bush should be laid out with its roots facing up, so that the latter have enough time to dry. The beans themselves can be processed when the stem is completely dry. The dug up bushes should be placed in a well-ventilated place to dry for 2-3 days. The beans themselves can be processed when the stem is completely dry.

Peanuts are a very valuable nutritious product. It contains sugar and carbohydrates, a large amount of protein, high-quality fats, as well as vitamins and minerals necessary for humans. Without a stretch, it can be called a healthy food product.

Studies in the USA, which were carried out quite recently, showed that peanuts are very rich in antioxidants that prevent cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, the growth of malignant tumors and premature aging. The effect of these antioxidants on the human body can be compared with the positive effects of strawberries and red wine.

And what’s interesting is that roasted nuts enhance the positive effect of antioxidants. Peanuts have the property of breaking down fats. The peanut diet, which is popular among movie and show business stars, is based on this property of peanuts and is in fashion today.

HOW TO GROW PEANUTS AT THE COUNTRY Peanuts are an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the legume family. Growing peanuts in the countryside is not difficult; you just need to remember a few rules. Welcome to the group Country Tricks from A to Z It is best to grow zoned varieties of peanuts. It is better to buy seeds in specialized departments - those purchased on the market can be imported from another climatic zone, and they are not always suitable for growing in a given area. The growing season of the crop falls on the spring-summer period, so it can be cultivated in moderately cold regions. However, to obtain a guaranteed harvest, in areas with cool summers, peanuts are often grown by seedlings. An open sunny area, protected from cold winds, is allocated for it. The soil suitable for cultivation is loamy, chernozem and sandy loam. During deep digging in the fall, organic fertilizers are applied under the peanuts, and humus and sand are added to the heavy black soil. In the spring, before sowing seeds, the soil is cultivated, clearing it of weed roots, harrowed and furrows made. Peanuts are often called groundnuts, since the development of their beans occurs at a depth of about 10 centimeters underground. The growth process itself is quite interesting: after fertilization, the peanut ovary grows, and a peduncle begins to grow into the soil, which bends towards the ground. Peanut seeds should be sown when the soil is warmed to 12 degrees Celsius. They begin to prepare the area for it in the fall, and in the spring it is leveled and rows are marked out. In a row, the distance between plants is maintained at approximately 25-30 cm, and between rows at least 70 cm. Before planting, the nuts are peeled and at the end of April - at the beginning of May they are planted with two or three nuts in each hole. You can also grow peanuts in seedlings; for this, seeds are placed in peat pots with a nutrient mixture and sprinkled with soil. Seedlings are planted in beds at 25-30 days of age, together with a peat pot, or planted in places where the crop has not sprouted for some reason. The planting depth is no more than 5-8 cm. The plantings are not watered until they sprout, since the May soil is quite wet. Immediately after emergence, peanuts begin to bloom with yellow flowers. Hilling is done 20 days after flowering, at which time the formation of beans begins. At the same time, peanuts are fed with complex fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium. Peanuts themselves, like all legumes, enrich the soil with nitrogen. The plants are weeded only until the leaves close, and then they themselves suppress the weeds. Peanut bushes are dug up in early October, in dry weather, and a shovel should be used as a tool. The bush should be laid out with its roots facing up, so that the latter have enough time to dry. The beans themselves can be processed when the stem is completely dry. The dug up bushes should be placed in a well-ventilated place to dry for 2-3 days. The beans themselves can be processed when the stem is completely dry. Welcome to the group Country Tricks from A to Z

Herbaceous legume plants can be seen everywhere on the plot of every wise summer resident. But many do not stop there, wanting to plant unusual bean-nuts - peanuts. Knowing that the plant’s homeland is South America, doubts arise about the survival rate of peanuts in central Russia, in the Volga region and Moscow region, for example, where the weather is changeable. But they will help here by offering to study information on how to grow valuable groundnuts in your own garden without much hassle. Attached are photos of bean germination and a video of the planting process!

The benefits of groundnuts, or why everyone wants to grow them

Peanuts are a plant from the legume family that has no “relatives” to nuts. This is a true bean; its closest relatives are peas and beans. And the plant received this name due to the fact that its ovaries sink into the ground after flowering so that the nuts finally ripen in their shells.

The peanut bean is an essential product for everyone due to its chemical composition. 100 g of beans contains:

50 g fat, 10 g carbohydrates and 26 g protein. You will probably never find such a balance again!;
90% of the daily intake of vitamin PP and 50% of B vitamins;
essential amino acids - leucine, histidine, tryptophan. Some of them are almost a daily requirement of the human body;

macro- and microelements, without which it is difficult to imagine the harmonious and balanced functioning of all organs and systems;
dietary fiber (up to 8 g), ash substances.

Peanuts can restore physical strength in one snack, relieve depression and become a favorite addition to many dishes. It is thanks to these properties that it “extended” the borders of South America and spread throughout the world. And growing it today in the Moscow region will not be a hassle.

Interesting! The Indians knew peanuts long before Europeans came to their lands. Archaeologists in Machu Picchu found a vessel depicting peanuts, painted with natural paints.

Bean seeds or how to get an excellent harvest

Before preparing a garden bed for peanuts, you need to take care of the early emergence of seedlings. To do this, you need to buy peanuts in their skins, fresh, without additives, peel them yourself, select healthy seed beans and germinate them. For this you should:

wrap the required amount of beans in gauze or soft cloth;
heat the water to 30-35°C;
put the beans in a container and add hot water;
soak the beans in water for 24 hours;
remove from water, dry with paper towel.

This simple method will allow peanut beans to germinate in the ground faster, therefore, giving you confidence in an excellent harvest. Another way to quickly get friendly shoots is to grow young plants through seedlings. To do this, it is enough to prepare cups (peat or with nutrient soil), place them where there is the most sunlight, water regularly and maintain a temperature of at least +24-28°C. After the emergence of seedlings, the plants need to be hardened off so that they can easily adapt to transplantation into open ground.

Attention! Peanuts grown by seedlings will produce a harvest 7-14 days earlier. If you want to add a couple more days, cover the bed with spunbond or plastic film, not allowing the air temperature to drop below +15°C.

Peanuts in the garden: care rules

Groundnut is a southern tropical plant, so it loves water, high humidity and sunlight. It is for this reason that the peanut crop can still be harvested in central Russia, but in the northern regions the legume develops well, blooms, but does not bear fruit, as there is not enough heat.

In order to get a decent harvest of peanuts in your garden, without purchasing them in the store and enjoying them until next year, it is enough to follow simple growing rules, the main thing of which is the temperature regime. So, for groundnuts it is also important:

territory and soil. Acidified, saline soils are not suitable for peanuts, as are poorly ventilated, shaded areas. Only neutral, loamy, chernozem soils, maximum light and enough wind will allow you to get a good harvest;

watering and fertilizing. The soil around the plant should always remain moist. Complex mineral fertilizers will help support the plant;
hilling. It is a must if you want to get a good harvest of nuts. The thing is that the ovary of the nut, in order to protect the fruit from drought, sinks into the ground and develops there. If the nut is not buried, it will be difficult for the ovary to reach the ground, and therefore there will be no harvest. At the same time, you need to ensure that the mounds of earth are always loose and moist.

But these are the basic rules of care. But there is nothing complicated about planting peanuts in beds. To do this you need:

Prepare the bed by digging and spilling with a solution of potassium permanganate;
Decide on a planting scheme. These can be holes (3-6 seeds in each), diameter - up to 30 cm, distance between holes - up to 1 m, as well as planting in rows. In a row, plants can be placed at a distance of 35-40 cm from each other, row spacing - at least 70 cm;
Carefully plant peanut seedlings or spread out prepared beans. The optimal temperature for growing legumes is +20°C.

You know the basic rules of care, all that remains is to choose the varieties to grow. Attention can be paid to varieties of both domestic and imported selection. The first include the variety Stepnyak, Bayan, Klinsky, Gruzinsky, the second - Runner, Virginia, Olin.

It turns out that growing peanuts is not so difficult. An important point is the choice of variety and hilling, which will allow the ovary to sink underground, develop and delight the whole family with a long-awaited harvest and delicious nutritious beans!

Growing peanuts in the country: video

Hello. I recently came across your newspaper and realized: this is what I need. And although I live not in the South, but in Siberia, I consider myself a keen gardener. My dream is to grow grapes here in the Novosibirsk region. Until my dream came true. But I think it's a matter of time.

I became interested in growing various “not our” crops in our harsh climate a long time ago. Achieved considerable success. So I think: whoever wants to will always achieve his goal. For example, peanuts are a very southern crop, and I was able to grow them here!

It all started a few years ago, when, having tasted peanuts while visiting my brother in the Rostov region, I began to dream of growing them myself. The nuts I brought then did not bring the desired result in the first year: my green mass grew, but with the onset of cold weather the flowers fell off, the plants turned yellow and died.

It was then that I realized my main mistake - our short summer was not enough for the peanuts to grow. This means you need to cultivate it through seedlings.

The next year I did just that. And I even managed to grow several bushes with fruits no worse than those from the south. But our growing process turned out to be quite labor-intensive. That’s when I developed my own Siberian agricultural technology for growing peanuts. So.

The site for growing this crop should be the sunniest towards the south. The soil must be prepared in advance: dig deep in the fall, and plow in the spring or dig again to a depth of 25-30 cm, adding in the spring per 1 m2: 10 kg of humus, two glasses of ash and lime, 20 g of superphosphate and potassium sulfate. In the spring I make ridges 12-15 cm high with a distance of 60 cm between them.

Preparation of planting material: peeling peanuts, calibrating, soaking in a dark solution of potassium permanganate, washing in clean water, placing nuts in wet sawdust (previously spilled with boiling water) until the beans clearly peck.

Planting: in the prepared ridge, 2-3 days after its formation, I plant beans to a depth of 6~8 cm at a distance of 35 cm from each other (May 3-10). I water the ridge abundantly using the sprinkling method and cover it with plastic wrap. When the shoots appear, I lift the film onto arcs or bars and leave it there until it reaches steady heat. At this time, the soil temperature at a depth of 20 cm reaches 10-12 °C.

During the day I open the film for ventilation, and at night I close the plants. After the plants begin to bloom profusely, I finally remove the film.

All this time I regularly water the plants with warm water. I carry out loosening, weeding, if necessary, sheltering plants from winds of any direction, hilling at the beginning of abundant flowering, without covering the flower stalks.

Cleaning: after the main parts of the plant have dried, I begin cleaning. I dry and calibrate the beans. From each bush I collect at least 40-70 high-quality beans, not inferior in taste to those brought from the South. True, there is one drawback: we have to buy planting material every time, since our seeds do not have time to ripen.

Maxim VOSKOBOINIKOV, Novosibirsk region.