Is the foundation of TISE. Its main difference is that at the end of the pile there is a hemispherical (dome-shaped) thickening. This form allows the use of pile foundations on heaving soils, while the volume of excavation work remains very small.
TISE piles
The main disadvantage of the classic pile foundation is that with severe heaving, the support can simply be pushed out. But since the idea itself is very attractive - it can be built quickly with a minimum of costs - on difficult soils they began to make a base at the bottom of the pile - a rectangular reinforced plate. But with this option, the volume of land work immediately increased significantly: for each pile it is necessary to dig a pit larger than the planned base. But the building stands normally even on soils with severe frost heaving.
Under piles made using TISE technology create a similar thickening. But there is no need to dig pits. This extension is formed using a special knife, which is attached to a proprietary drill. This knife forms the extended dome. Further, the entire technology almost exactly repeats the process of constructing a pile or pile-grillage foundation.
Previously, expansions were also practiced, but they tried to do them using micro-explosions or by picking with a blade on a long pole. The main innovation in TISE technology is a drill with an opening adjustable blade. With its help, it is much easier to expand the sole.
Advantages and disadvantages
TISE foundations are quickly gaining popularity: with minimal additional costs, a more reliable foundation is obtained. So, its advantages:
If a pile or pile-grillage foundation is recommended for your house, it makes sense to make TISE piles. With a small increase in workload, you get a significant increase in reliability. After all, designers do not like pile foundations because it is impossible to find out what kind of soil is under each support. Therefore, it is impossible to predict how reliable and stable the foundation will be. And the TISE foundation has a wider support, which reduces risks. As before, nothing can be predicted, but a large load distribution area is always good.
However, there are also disadvantages. The main thing: the heel of a TISE pile cannot be well reinforced. You can lower the reinforcement cage to the very bottom, but expansion cannot be reinforced. Therefore, there remains the possibility that this thickening will collapse.
TISE piles are the basis of the TISE pile-grillage foundation
There is one more drawback, but this is from the practice of using a drill: it is not easy for them to work. The design itself is interesting. This is not a blade wrapped around a rod, but some kind of container with a composite bottom. Four blades set at an angle are welded onto the plates that form the bottom. When you spin the drill, they loosen the soil. Since the bottom is not solid, the soil gets into the body, from where it needs to be removed.
The order of work is as follows: rotate the drill several times around its axis, take it out, and shake out the soil. They lowered it into the hole again, turned it several times, etc. The technology is not complicated, but the work is tedious. The device itself weighs 7-9 kg, plus soil. It needs to be raised and lowered frequently. Overall, it's tiring. Plus, no mechanisms are needed. The downside is that the work is not easy physically. Especially if the soil is rocky or dense clay.
Where can I use it?
There are no restrictions on the types and materials of buildings: you can make a TISE foundation for wooden, frame, brick and block buildings. Number of storeys - up to three.
The restrictions on soils are the same as when using pile foundations: it is necessary that the piles transfer the load to the soil with normal bearing capacity. To decide whether or not to use TISE, a geological study of the site in the place where construction is planned is necessary.
Since the base of the pile is expanded and the resistance to buoyancy forces is greater, this technology can be used on heaving soils. But at the same time you need to consider: there is no point in placing piles closer than 1.5 meters. If placed closer, one extension of the sole will overlap the other. On the other hand, you can’t make a pile larger than 30 cm in diameter either - there is no such drill. If the load-bearing area with such parameters is not enough, you need to use a different type of foundation.
Reviews of the branded drill
The main questions for developers are related to how realistic it is to drill wells manually using a proprietary drill. Looking at the video, it seems that this task is not easy. But here are some reviews.
The soil on my site is different: some are loam, some are dense clay, and such that you can only chop them with an axe. At first I thought about renting a motor drill, but I decided to try it straight away with a drill. And nothing, not very hard. As a result, I decided that a motor drill would not speed up the process much, so I made all 40 pieces by hand. During the day, 5-6 2-meter wells were produced. They drilled easily, but with expansion it was difficult: the soil was already dense there, and it was difficult to turn with the blade open.
Oleg, Kharkov
I modified the TISE drill I bought: I welded additional teeth, instead of a rope that opens the blade, I adapted a rod - now you can put pressure on it, and not just pull. And most importantly, he lengthened the handle so that two people could turn it. While they were drilling the extensions, they twisted it 90°, but the work became much easier. In general, I'm pleased.
Nikolay, Krasnoyarsk
Calculation of the TISE foundation
The calculation method is no different from the calculation in the general case. The load from the house is calculated and then compared with the total load-bearing capacity of the planned number and diameter of piles.
First, place the piles on the house plan. They must be in the corners and at the junctions of the walls. If the distance between the piles is more than 3 meters, intermediate ones are placed between them. So you place all the supports on the plan, adhering to the rule:
- minimum distance - 1.5 meters;
- maximum 3 m.
Then calculate the load from the house. To do this, you first need to calculate the weight of the house (all building materials + furniture, plumbing, heavy household appliances).
Speaking on average, for buildings made of brick or shell rock, 2400 kg can be taken for each square of area, for light building blocks (foam concrete, aerated concrete, etc.) - 2000 kg, for wood and frames - 1800 kg. These average standards can be used as a preliminary guide. If you decide to take everything seriously, you will need to follow the entire methodology: counting materials of walls, ceilings, roofing, finishing, etc. Since the technologies and materials used may be different, the discrepancies can also be significant.
We multiply the resulting value by a correction factor - 1.3 or 1.4. This is a safety margin. The resulting figure is the load that will need to be transferred through the piles.
Now, using the table, you select what diameter the pile should have so that it can transfer the required weight.
If the planned number of columns with an expansion of the selected diameter can transfer the required load, you do not need to redo anything. If the transferred mass is too small, it is necessary to either increase the number of piles or make a “heel” of a larger diameter.
TISE foundation: work order
TISE foundation is a subtype of pile-grillage foundation. And the technology for its production is no different. The whole difference is in the drilling process. No others. . And in this article we’ll better give some practical advice.
Difficulties during drilling
If the soil is very loose - fine sand - the walls of the well may crumble. To prevent this from happening, add water. The sand will compact and hold its shape. Water will also help if the soil is very dry and dense. After drilling a few tens of centimeters, fill the well with water. It will soften the soil, it can be chopped with a shovel or other device, and then removed with a drill.
Difficulties are created by the powerful roots of trees and bushes. They need to be chopped. To do this, the ax handle is welded (attached) to the handle. By sharply lowering it into the hole, the roots are crushed.
How to create an extension
After reaching the design depth of the well, a plow is attached to the drill. It can be fixed in two positions: to form a heel of 50 or 60 cm. The plow is tied to a rope.
You lower the drill down, the rope is taut, the plow is pressed. The rope is released, and he falls down under his own weight. You start to rotate (it’s hard - the cutting surface is large), the blade cuts the soil, forming a thickening.
You can rotate both clockwise and counterclockwise. If clockwise, then try not to press down: there is no need to go deeper. When rotating counterclockwise, only the soil is cut without deepening, but another problem arises: the soil is poured under the drill, pushing it upward.
The optimal order of work is as follows: scroll counterclockwise several times. As soon as you feel that the blade has rested against the arch, make a few turns clockwise, collecting cut soil into the drill body. Take out the drill and pour out the soil. Repeat several times until an extension is formed (the soil stops building up).
On hard soils, working with the plow open can be problematic. Then you can create the expansion in stages. First set the plow to the smallest distance, then increase it to the desired size.
Filling with concrete
If the groundwater level is low, no problems arise: fill it in and treat it with a vibrator. All.
If the groundwater level is high, the heel can be filled immediately after it has been formed. You will only need to insert the reinforcement. Then you knit it before drilling begins. Filling the main part of the well can be left “for later”.
If there is a lot of water and it comes quickly, you will need a large bag made of thick film with a hole at the bottom. You insert it into the well and pour concrete. Because it is denser, it displaces water. Having filled the heel, pull out the bag. It will be useful for the next piles.
The video below demonstrates the technology of building a foundation with TISE piles and a high grillage.
New requirements for housing construction, including private housing, are pushing developers to use innovative technologies, for example, building a foundation using Tise technology - which means ensuring the reliability of the building, savings on construction, a solid foundation and easier installation of the foundation of the house.
The abbreviation TISE stands for “technology of individual construction and ecology”, and its principles are implemented in the countries of the former CIS. First of all, the technological process concerns specifically individual construction, since all construction operations are designed to be performed with one’s own hands, but with the help of specialized tools and equipment, the authorship of which is confirmed in the name of Yakovlev R.
Construction technology of a TISE columnar foundation with a grillage
The main principle when using TISE is the construction of a grillage resting on the supporting pillars of the foundation with an expansion of the lower end (sole). The pillars for such a foundation cannot be considered full-fledged piles, although wells for them are drilled according to the same principle - the supports for the TISE foundation base are immersed to a shallower depth, and the usual piles do not have a widening in the lower part.
A distinctive feature of TISE is a columnar grillage. In practice, the foundation of the tise provides complete leveling of heaving forces that try to put pressure on the foundation in the off-season and during freezing/thawing of the soil. What else makes this structure stand out among foundations with similar functionality:
- Piles (pillars, supports) are immersed below the soil freezing level in the region;
- Minimum area of contact between the support and the ground along the side surfaces;
- Heaving soils are replaced with gravel or crushed stone on the house construction area and beyond it by 1.5-2 meters (at the distance of drainage and blind area);
Another advantage that the chise pile foundation has: supports with an extension at the lower end (heel) can be made using traditional technology, and when deepening the pile (support) it is much easier to drill a well wider than the diameter of the support. A heel is poured into the well, onto which a tubular formwork with a diameter smaller than the sole is installed.
The free space in the well is filled with bulk materials to create drainage around the support. If you use ordinary piles (without an expanded base), then the drilling depth will have to be increased, plunging the pillars below the freezing level of the soil by at least 1 meter, so that the pushing forces of heaving soil cannot affect the base of the pile.
The support must be reinforced from the inside, which will give the foundation additional strength. Thus, a DIY TISE foundation for a one-story frame house can have only 2-3 TISE piles instead of 10-15 conventional submersible piles, which are driven in every 1-1.5 on all lines of load-bearing walls.
For an individual developer, the construction of such an innovative foundation presents one difficulty: how to expand the bottom of the well? Buying one specially designed for this purpose is very expensive for a one-time job, and this is the only drawback of the author’s method, since you will have to build a homemade drill from available building materials.
Construction site preparation
Even on an uneven or sloping site, it is not necessary to carry out work to level and clear the site, and this is the great advantage of all individual pile or columnar foundations. Also, to install columnar supports, you will not need to install drainage next to the foundation walls or insulate the blind area and base. When supporting a building on a suspended columnar grillage, the structure area must have at least three load axes for each of the load-bearing walls of the house:
- In the center of the support pillars for drilling a well;
- Along the outer border of the concrete grillage for arranging the formwork;
- On the inside of the grillage.
For step-by-step marking of the site you need:
- Make pegs with a strip nailed on top - cast-offs. You need two of them for each side of the foundation;
- Place the cast-offs at a distance of 1.5 m from the corners of the house perimeter and stretch the cords between them.
Important! The pegs should be such a length that the horizontal planks extend 2-5 cm above the level of the grillage, and the total length of all planks is 10 cm greater than the width of the grillage tape. This condition is met so that the cord can be pulled over the same pegs many times.
The sequence of drilling and placement of wells and piles is as follows:
- According to the author's technology, the universal foundation of the Tise technology should have so-called leader holes - these are small depressions (10-20 cm) made with a shovel at the site of drilling wells for supports;
- Manual drilling is a simple process: the plow needs to be removed from the drill, or fixed vertically using a special stopper so that it does not interfere with soil excavation. After a few turns of the drill, it must be removed and the soil receptacle freed from the soil;
- The expansion (widening) of the heel is done in this way: when the drill plunges to the designed depth, there is no longer any need to put pressure on it, and then the freed or installed plow will loosen the soil with the expansion of the dome. Also, after several turns of the drill, the soil must be removed from the receiver.
The drilling of each well should be controlled by level; when drilling hard ground rocks, the well should be watered, large fragments of stones should be crushed with a crowbar to a size of 5 cm so that they fit into the soil receiver.
When calculating the Tise foundation, one should not forget about the reinforcement of the supports. Subsequently, the piles are reinforced according to the requirements of SP 52.105. When arranging a reinforced frame inside a pile, you cannot use scraps of pipes and other rolled products, you cannot embed metal mesh and pieces of steel sheets into the frame - only reinforcing bars Ø 8-12 mm are allowed to be used:
- Piles (supports, pillars) must have reinforcement protruding above the surface of the formwork up to 40 cm high;
- Piles must also be reinforced in the transverse direction with smooth reinforcement Ø 6-8 mm. Transverse frames can be made square or round, the step between the belts is up to 0.6 m.
In the future, the vertical reinforcement will need to be connected to the grillage reinforcement. To do this, the pile rods are bent at an angle of 90 0 at the level of the grillage reinforcement and connected to its reinforcement with knitting wire. Before pouring concrete, the internal reinforcement of the support is protected from contact with the walls of the pile by placing special plastic washers on the rods. The supports themselves can be cast using inexpensive materials:
- You need to measure a piece of tape from a roll of roofing felt and roll it into a cylinder, fasten it with wire or a stapler, then tie it with wire;
- An asbestos cement pipe will be stiffer, but it allows moisture to pass through, so it needs to be waterproofed (bitumen, tar, mastics);
- PVC pipes are not afraid of moisture and corrosion, but their thickness must be at least 0.5 cm.
Due to the small diameter of the formwork, it is inconvenient to lay the mortar into it, and the reinforcement inside the pile does not add convenience. Therefore, it is recommended to pour the solution through a homemade funnel, for example, from the same roofing material or thick waterproof cardboard. When building a universal foundation, Tise technology takes into account the following features of this stage:
- The formwork is only half filled with mortar so that the concrete can be compacted and the air released from it;
- You can compact concrete manually (with a crowbar or a thick rod), or using an electric deep vibrator;
- After compaction, the support is filled completely and compacted again;
- Exposed concrete must be protected from rapid drying with film, sawdust, or simply covered with a thin layer of soil for 2-3 days;
- During these 2-3 days, water the support every 5-6 hours so that the concrete sets and hardens evenly throughout the entire depth of the pile.
If there is a basement in the house project, the distance between the supports is allowed to be increased so that doors or gates can be installed. A foundation with a grillage must always be covered with factory-made reinforced concrete slabs or reinforced concrete beams, so it is impossible to install a floor on the ground.
How the grillage formwork is arranged
The zero cycle (excavation work) can be significantly reduced if you start making grillage formwork after pouring concrete inside the piles. To do this quickly and without loss of quality, two cords are pulled on the pegs without a middle one. The following operations:
- Deck panels are made from available materials (boards, thick plywood, chipboard, OSB) and protected with a layer of waterproofing, for example, polyethylene or tarpaulin. This is necessary for possible reusable use of the formwork;
- The formwork is mounted as follows: first, holes are made in the panels for supports, the panels are put on piles and secured with H-shaped cross members at a distance of 0.5-0.7 m;
- The side formwork is mounted as follows: wooden panels are installed at the level of the stretched cords and attached to the bottom panel with nails or self-tapping screws.
In order not to complicate the design of the formwork by making a wooden bottom panel, it can be replaced with a sand cushion with a layer of up to 40 cm (depending on the characteristics of the soil). The pillow is moistened and compacted. Also, the lower formwork shield can be made from extruded polystyrene foam, although this will be a little more expensive;
If a sand cushion is being made, then the sand must be covered with waterproofing material (polyethylene, tarpaulin, roofing felt) so that the solution does not leak onto the ground. The waterproofing material will need to be removed from under the grillage as soon as the concrete reaches its design strength. The easiest way to do this is with shovels. If you leave the waterproofing material inside, then possible heaving of the soil can tear the grillage away from the pile supports; heaving forces cannot be resisted due to the fact that the area of contact with the soil is too small.
Extruded polystyrene foam is a non-removable formwork; the brand can be chosen with the lowest density, for example, PSB. Even if the soil swells, the heaving force will deform such insulation, but will not crush the grillage. And after the increased soil moisture subsides, the heaving is leveled out, and the polystyrene foam will be restored. This process can happen as many times as you like.
It is impossible to evenly distribute local loads from load-bearing walls, partitions, heavy equipment or furniture concentrated in one place over a grillage arranged on a columnar-pile foundation. This grillage should not be in contact with the ground, so that during heaving it will be separated from the piles. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce the grillage, and it is also necessary to strengthen the reinforced frame at the points of connection with the walls using anchors or other connections. For this:
- Vertical reinforcing bars are bent at an angle of 90 0, while the rods are distributed between the levels of the lower and upper chords;
- The grillage formwork inside is also reinforced with a reinforcing belt consisting of longitudinal corrugated rods Ø 8-12 mm, and vertical transverse rods Ø 6-8 mm. The fittings can be replaced with metal clamps;
- From the outside, the corners of the reinforced frame are attached to the grillage with metal clamps or plates;
- The lower deck of the formwork must be protected from moisture penetration.
It is much easier to build a pile-column grillage for a foundation using TISE technology than to build it for a strip foundation, so to strengthen the structure you need to fill the entire formwork along the perimeter of the base with mortar. Then the concrete is compacted, and all that remains is to wait 21-28 days until it completely hardens.
Do-it-yourself chise foundation updated: February 26, 2018 by: zoomfund
Tise pile-grillage foundation
Natural forces often have a significant impact on objects built on the soil surface. Sometimes the magnitude of such loads leads to partial or complete destruction of the foundation and the impossibility of further operation of the structure. To reduce this impact, the Tise pile-grillage foundation was invented. The features of its design and manufacturing technology will be discussed further.
Getting to know the foundation of TISE
As noted above, the foundation with the incomprehensible name TISE belongs to the pile-grillage group. Their feature is the successful combination of concrete foundations. At the same time, there is a significant saving in concrete and production time.
The Tise columnar foundation, in contrast to the traditional pile foundation, has one significant feature - its supports are almost impossible to squeeze out of the soil by the forces of off-season heaving. Thanks to this, this foundation has a number of positive qualities:
- It can be used on almost 97% of all types of soil available in our country. Thus, the foundation of chise can be fully considered universal.
- Unlike traditional strip and pile foundations, which require mandatory loading in the winter, the described type of foundation can remain unloaded. This property is indispensable in individual construction, especially in the absence of the required amount of funds for the entire scope of work.
All of the above is connected with one feature of tise piles - they have a significant expansion in the lower part, the so-called sole. It is thanks to it that the total load on the foundation is distributed over a large area of soil, and the extrusion of piles is also prevented.
Technologically, it is impossible to obtain a well of the required shape using traditional screw drills, manual and mechanical. For the foundation of the chise, you will need to purchase a special tool of a rather complex design. Due to great demand, it is not difficult to buy it in any city; in addition, there is also the possibility of renting it.
Chise pillars are often supplemented with a special concrete banding, which in construction is called a grillage. Thanks to it, it is possible to use a fairly large list of wall materials when constructing structures on similar types of foundations.
In recent years, foundation slabs using the TISE system are often found under houses.
Until now, it has not been possible to obtain an ideal type of foundation. Each of them has both positive and negative aspects. Tise technology has its pros and cons. However, there are few negative aspects. The main one is to limit the load, which does not allow the use of foundations under multi-storey buildings and buildings made of brick and concrete.
Technologically, building a foundation using Tise technology with your own hands is quite affordable. To give an idea of the process, below we will consider its main stages.
DIY TISE foundation. Design
Work should begin outside the construction site. Using the design bureau, professional builders, or independently, it is necessary to carry out a foundation design using Tise technology. It is first necessary to design the house itself, select its number of storeys, the material of the walls and ceilings, the type of roof and the type of roofing material.
Errors at this stage of work are fraught with the futility of all subsequent actions. An incorrect design will either lead to unjustified costs for the construction of an overly reinforced TISE foundation, or, more dangerously, to a foundation that will not be able to withstand the load applied to it. We recommend that you turn to professionals at this stage.
Preparation and marking of the site
Directly at the site of the future construction of the foundation using the Tise technology, one should begin with leveling the site. In addition, professionals recommend removing the top layer of soil to a depth of about 250 mm. This can be done either manually using a shovel or bayonet shovel, or using special equipment.
Next, markings are made according to which the piles will be located using the Tise technology. The outer and inner perimeters of the walls of the house are preliminarily outlined. In the middle between them there will be a line on which the drilling points are located. It is easy to calculate the number of supports for the TISE foundation by dividing the expected weight of the structure by the load-bearing capacity of each pile. The distance between the wells is calculated by dividing the perimeter of the walls by the required number of holes in the ground.
Drilling of the wells
Each stage of manufacturing a TISE foundation is important for the overall result. Wells must be drilled strictly vertically to the required depth. The load-bearing capacity of a chise pile depends on its length and diameter. In private housing construction, supports with a width of 200 mm are mainly used, therefore, the main variable is the length of the concrete rod.
If it is necessary to complete this stage in a short time, it is better to use the services of professional drillers and specialized construction equipment on automobile chassis. If the construction budget is limited, you will have to perform this difficult operation manually.
A special feature of the TISE foundation drill is the presence of an additional deflecting knife that can move away from the body of the tool at a certain depth. Thanks to this, the well, which is cylindrical throughout its entire length, acquires an expansion at the base with a diameter of 600 mm. As a rule, this value is sufficient to achieve the desired result. To obtain piles of the required length, the drill is equipped with additional rods. To make the process easier, you can use a rented motor drill.
Formwork and concreting
To obtain a foundation with the required characteristics, it is mandatory to install formwork in the wells. To do this, you can select ready-made plastic or asbestos-cement pipes, or use sheets of roofing felt. Keeping in mind the limited construction budget, we will dwell in detail on the cheapest option.
Having drilled holes for the pile of tiss of the required depth, a sheet of roofing material of slightly greater length is cut from the roll. Then it is rolled lengthwise and lowered into a hole in the ground. After this, the roofing material is straightened inside so that it is adjacent to the walls of the well.
To obtain high-strength concrete, it is necessary to reinforce the chise pile. For this purpose, class AIII steel reinforcement with a diameter of 10 or 12 mm is used. As a rule, four long rods are lowered into each well. On the soil surface, the rods must first be connected with jumpers made of similar or less thick reinforcement. To do this, use soft knitting wire or welding.
After completing the formwork and reinforcement, the foundation of the tise is filled with concrete. At the same time, for the subsequent installation of a grillage - an airy concrete strip raised above the ground, the head of each pile must be located at a certain height relative to the soil level. You can mix concrete either in a concrete mixer or buy it ready-made for delivery using an automixer.
Making a grillage
When using timber or lumber as wall building materials, it is possible to make a foundation without a grillage. For other cases, it is necessary to make a concrete frame. It is a rectangular strip hanging on stilts above the ground.
To obtain a high-quality foundation, formwork for the grillage is installed. It is a wooden box installed along the entire length of future walls. To avoid subsidence under the entire formwork, temporary sand bedding is carried out to the height of the installation of the strapping. The formwork should be positioned in such a way that the protruding parts of the chise pile rods are located inside.
Having installed and strengthened the formwork, we begin to reinforce the grillage. Similar to reinforcing piles, pre-connected reinforcing bars are placed inside the formwork. Using vertical jumpers, a gap to the bottom plane of the grillage is reached at least 5 cm. A similar distance of the armored belt must be maintained to the side and top edges.
When reinforcing the TISE foundation grillage, special attention should be paid to the corners and junctions of the partitions. Here the rods, previously bent at a right angle, must overlap each other by at least 1 meter. This will provide the required strength to the grillage. You can also strengthen the concrete strip by using reinforcement of a larger diameter.
Having installed the reinforcing frame, it is filled with concrete, prepared directly at the work site or purchased at a concrete plant. To compact the mass and remove air, the mixture is treated with a construction vibrator. After this, the surface of the grillage is covered with burlap and left.
In order for the foundation to gain maximum strength, it is necessary to moisten the covering material during the first few weeks. This is especially true in the case of hot, dry weather conditions. After curing for several months, you can begin further work. It is better to install the lower floors on several rows of masonry, since it is impractical to make a floor on a foundation due to high heat losses in the future.
TISE is the abbreviated name of a company specializing in the development of new simple and cheap technologies in individual construction. In 1996, this company invented a new type of drill (TISE-F) with a folding plow. This device helped to significantly reduce the cost of creating supports and eliminate the disadvantages of the conventional method. The base is suitable for buildings of any type made of wood, brick, panels or foam blocks, even in areas with high seismic activity, on slopes, heaving soils and in the conditions of the Far North (permafrost). Species for which it is unsuitable are quicksand (saturated with water), weak soils.
The technique is based on the use of simple equipment, with which you can quickly and cheaply install the foundation yourself, even without any experience in construction.
Types of bases
Depending on the permissible load, one of three types of TISE is selected:
- Columnar - without grillage. The cheapest option, suitable only for light one-story buildings. The height of the piles above the ground is 200-300 mm, the depth of laying is 1600 mm.
- Columnar-tape - with a grillage, suitable for buildings up to three floors high. Standard (for wooden structures): height of piles above the ground - 10-20 cm, depth of wells - 160 cm, distance between pillars - 160-190 cm, turnkey price - from 4250 rubles/linear. m (including work). Type Reinforced (for brick buildings): height of pillars above the soil - 10-20 cm, depth of wells - 185 cm, distance between supports - 120-140 cm, concrete M350 and above, cost of a turnkey foundation - from 5000 rubles/linear. m.
- With a basement - no restrictions on number of floors. It is mounted using removable TISE formwork.
The essence of the technology is similar to the conventional method of installing a bored foundation with your own hands. Holes are drilled with a heel in the lower part - an expansion of a hemispherical shape with a diameter of up to 600 mm. The heel increases the load-bearing capacity of the pile several times and prevents the supports from being pushed out of the soil under the influence of frost heaving. AIII reinforcement and roofing felt formwork are placed in the holes and concrete is poured.
Roofing felt is also waterproofing. Then a grillage (frame) made of reinforced concrete is installed. This is a lattice that unites all the piles into a single structure. It must be suspended above the ground. This helps prevent frozen soil from pressing on the foundation of the building. The absence of direct contact with the soil reduces heat loss, exposure to groundwater on the floor, and reduces vibration (if the building is located next to a highway or railroad).
Materials and tools:
- sand;
- crushed stone;
- cement;
- fittings;
- TISE-F drill or TISE driller.
If electricity is available, you can use a concrete mixer, construction mixer, vibrator, or electric drill.
DIY instructions
1. Draw up a diagram of the location of the piles.
2. Apply markings on the area.
3. Remove the plow from TISE-F.
4. Rotating the drill clockwise, drill a cylindrical part of the hole with a diameter of about 250 mm. A mark is made on the rod to control the depth. The well must end below the freezing level of the soil. If the soil is hard and rough, then add a small amount of water to the hole. The soil receiver is emptied as it is filled.
5. Place the plow on the bar.
6. Lower the drill with the plow into the hole and begin to rotate counterclockwise. As a result, there will be an expansion at the bottom.
7. Clear the well of clods of soil. There is no need to add sand.
8. Using a level or hydraulic level, set a mark for the lower edge of the grillage.
9. Install a metal frame of 4 reinforcement rods with a diameter of 10-14 mm in each hole. If the soil in the area is heaving, then the rods are made of such a height that they can be connected to the grillage’s reinforcing mesh.
10. Prepare a solution with a strength grade of at least M300.
11. Pour concrete into the pile extensions.
12. Place a shirt made of roofing felt or roofing felt. It should reach the harness.
13. Fill the well completely to the top of the jacket.
14. Mount formwork for a grillage from wooden boards on top of the dried piles. Its width depends on the thickness of the building walls, its height is no more than 50 cm. The bottom is made of bulk soil, on which roofing felt or roofing felt is laid. The walls are also covered with waterproofing material.
15. Place reinforcing bars inside the formwork in two rows of four jokes each and tie them with wire. The frame should not move; before filling with mortar, polyethylene pipes are inserted into the formwork, to which communications will be connected.
16. Pour concrete. It is advisable to do this in one day, without interruption.
17. After the solution has hardened, remove the soil from under the piping.
When making it yourself, the cost per linear meter is 1.5-2 thousand rubles.
Foundation drill TISE-F
TISE is a device consisting of two rods and a soil receiver with a loosening-cutting edge at the bottom. The difference from a regular garden auger is the presence of a folding, removable plow, with the help of which it is much easier to make an expansion at the base of the wells for the piles. The plow is easily rearranged, firmly fixed in intermediate positions, and lowers under its own weight. The work can be done by one person. It is recommended to use gloves made of lightweight fabric.
The maximum drilling depth is 2 m. If necessary, you can purchase a rod extension, which can be used to make deeper holes. To dig the cylindrical part of the well, a motor drill or a gas drill is also used, but for making the heel, TISE-F is most convenient. This device is not only used individually, it is also used by professional construction crews.
Overview of options (depending on the diameter of the cylindrical part):
- TISE-F200 (diameter 200 mm) - for installation of fences, fences, foundations, structures of the smallest weight (garages, bathhouses, gazebos, light outbuildings) price 5,000 rubles;
- TISE-F250 (diameter 250 mm) - for constructing the foundation of frame buildings, made of timber, panels, foam blocks, price 5,500 rubles;
- TISE-F300 (diameter 300 mm) - for the construction of a foundation with tying piles above ground level with a monolithic grillage, price 5,700 rubles.
The diameter is affected by the width of the pile heel. The larger this size, the higher the load-bearing capacity. The drill is suitable not only for installing a new foundation, but also for strengthening or replacing the old one under a standing house. The weight of the device, depending on the diameter, is up to 12 kg, the dimensions are compact, and transportation in public transport is possible.
Another device for wells is the TISE driller. It differs from the drill in the increased volume of the soil receiver and the reinforced design of the plow. Available in three diameters - 200, 250 and 300 mm.
Reviews
“The house has been standing on the TISE foundation for 4 years. I haven’t noticed any shortcomings, nothing cracks or shrinks. We don’t live there yet, but the load is already normal: there is a screed, heating, water supply, sewerage. I read the reviews for a long time and thought about it before settling on the technology, but the winner was that the product had a large margin in terms of load-bearing capacity, and it required 4 times less concrete. Drilling wells yourself is not easy, especially expansion ones. It seemed inconvenient that the gap under the grillage could not be closed. But 2 years ago we had a flood, and water just flowed under my house and the draft dried the soil within three days.”
Ivan, Yekaterinburg.
“I am a builder myself, it is advisable to select any foundation individually, after the designer’s calculations. TISE can be erected only on soils with a density of at least 2-2.5 kg/cm2 and only for walls of lightweight construction and low-rise structures. I have installed more than ten such systems. I live in a house on poles, but I always choose this option carefully.”
Kirill, Moscow.
“TISE foundation is applicable only on dense soils. In weak ones, the hole trunk is damaged when removing the drill and installing reinforcement. The soil crumbles to the bottom of the well, and a good, high-quality pile design cannot be achieved. The pillar actually stands on bulk soil.”
Peter, Nizhny Novgorod.
“My house is located on TISE, in principle everything is fine. The disadvantage is that this foundation is really only beneficial for self-construction.”
Pavel, St. Petersburg.
Nowadays, the chise foundation is widely used in the construction of private houses. Thanks to its extraordinary design, this base has many important advantages. The main feature of this technology is its low price, and such a foundation can be built without much difficulty with your own hands.
If you have no experience in construction, then you can use step-by-step instructions. The Tise pile foundation has increased strength, even if the soil is unstable and has a negative impact on the foundation, the structure remains motionless. To increase strength, a reinforced concrete grillage is fixed to the columnar foundation of the tise.
Carrying out marking
Use geodesic thread for marking Before building the foundation of the tise, it is necessary to carry out high-quality markings. To easily complete this stage of work, you will need tools such as:
- medium-sized boards or slats;
- stakes;
- geodesic thread;
- long tape measure;
- aluminum level;
In order to correctly mark the foundation using Tise technology, you should follow the step-by-step instructions, example :
It is important to remember that during the period of execution using the chise technology, clear rules of equality must be observed, otherwise the base will be unequal. Due to this, gross discrepancies will appear during the installation of the roof structure.
Each pile must be placed at a certain distance from each other. The required step is in the project documentation. It should be remembered that an individual calculation is drawn up for each residential building project.
Step-by-step instructions for constructing a base
Construction of the TISE foundation
In most cases, people who do not have good experience in constructing buildings plan to carry out the construction of country buildings. For this reason, you should follow step-by-step instructions, which include the following steps:
- preparatory work to clear the construction site of debris and topsoil;
- a soil sample is taken for analysis; before construction it is important to know the result;
- The foundation is calculated, after which the type of pile is determined. Based on the data obtained, the foundation is marked, which includes the installation of castoffs along the entire perimeter of the future structure. The pitch between the supports is calculated, after which each area where the piles will be installed is marked with stakes;
- using a foundation drill, holes are made into which the piles will be installed. The depth level of the supports should be located much lower than the underground types of water. It is important to remember that the level of freezing of the soil structure in each region may have different depths. To make it easier to determine its value, you can use a special table in which you can find the required region.
It is important to be extremely careful when drilling, as hard soil may be encountered in the path of the drill. When using a hand drill, you must clear the path for it yourself. If a mechanical foundation drill is used, then problems will not arise during a collision with hard rocks.
Final procedures
After carrying out the above procedures, we proceed to refining the well, reinforcing and laying waterproofing. For more information about building a foundation using TISE technology, watch this video:
To do this, we take into account the following points:
Features of reinforced concrete structure
With all its shortcomings, the Tise foundation is considered reliable and durable in operation. This foundation on reinforced concrete supports can withstand not only the load of a small-sized structure, but also a large-scale building. After installing the structure of the house as a whole, the base does not shrink.
During the construction period, the environment is not disturbed, since all materials used in the construction of supports are environmentally friendly. The construction of the presented foundation is considered not expensive, so anyone can build it.