Begonia is a tropical plant that is quite widespread in indoor floriculture. Caring for it is quite simple, as with similar flowers from tropical latitudes, and when flowering, Begonia bushes invariably decorate any flower beds, window sills, home and public greenhouses.
First of all, the variety of species of this plant is striking, which in skillful hands allows you to create colorful and unique flower arrangements, giving preference to only one type of plant.
Begonia has become known to man for a long time. That is why it has an interesting history of discovery, and many legends and beliefs of different nationalities are associated with this flower. It is not used everywhere as a decoration, but was often used as a medicine or even mystical qualities were attributed to it.
Botanical description
Begonias are annual and perennial plants that are very widespread in home floriculture. Various species can be herbs, shrubs (sometimes climbing), and subshrubs. The root system is most often branched, but in some varieties it is tuberous.
Basically, the leaves are the main feature for which Begonia is loved. They often have a beautiful and unique color and are located asymmetrically on the stem.
Flowers are formed unisexual, plants are monoecious. The ripening fruit is a capsule with small cracks on the sides.
Which family does it belong to?
Begonia belongs to the Begonia family. Today, about 1,600 different species of this flower are known (some sources call more than 2,000 wild varieties).
In indoor floriculture, Begonia hybrids are mainly used. More than 2000 of them have been bred. As a rule, hybrids are characterized by better tolerance to a temperate climate, sudden temperature changes and lower humidity (than in their natural habitat - the tropics).
Plant structure
Roots
The diversity of Begonia species suggests that even in the structure of the root there can be serious differences. Thus, it is customary to divide Begonias with the formation of a tuber and the usual branching of the root.
In the first case, plants are better adapted to the lack of moisture, since they are able to store enough nutrients and water in the tuber. In the second, the flower will be more whimsical. But most of the flowering varieties have a branched root, which ensures better absorption of all nutrients from the soil and, as a result, much more attractive flowering.
Interesting! It is known that Begonia roots love loose soil, as they need air for normal growth. That is why experienced gardeners prefer to loosen the top layer of soil 1-2 cm deep at least once a year, even in pots and flowerpots.
Leaves
On Begonias, as a rule, large and fleshy leaves with a large number of veins are formed. They are located asymmetrically on the stem. Due to their relatively large size, they create the impression of a dense, bushy structure of the entire flower.
Leaf blades can differ significantly from one species to another. Some grow straight leaves. Others have a jagged border pattern. Some varieties form uneven, twisted plates.
The color of Begonia leaves can also be completely different. There are varieties with a regular green color. There are species with purple and red patterns. Variegated multi-colored leaf blades (with two or more colors) are considered especially exquisite. They are widely used in ornamental cultivation.
Flowers
Begonia inflorescences are complex panicles consisting of several flowers. Male flowers are often more brightly colored, but less lush. Females have more petals, but most often they are shorter in length.
Naturally, the huge variety of Begonia species is reflected in the great differences in color. Varieties with large flowers or panicles have been bred from a large number of small flowers. The differences relate to the structure of the petals (double, smooth) and, of course, their color.
Note! Tuberous Begonias, predominantly of all types, form a large flower with a diameter of 6 to 20 cm. And varieties that bloom all year round form a large number of flowers 1-3 cm in diameter, but during the flowering period they are literally completely covered with them.
Fruit
In temperate climates, Begonias are grown for their flowers. It can be very difficult to achieve fruiting. To do this, you need to maintain high temperatures for almost the entire flowering period and sufficiently moisten the plant.
Begonia fruits are a small box with three nests and barely visible cracks on the sides. They contain many small seeds, which, as they ripen, increase in size until the capsule bursts and the seeds fall into the soil.
The natural habitat of most Begonia species is humid and hot tropical forests. Therefore, in the wild, the flower can be found in the equatorial belt of Africa, Asia, and South America.
However, today there are also some species known that grow in mountainous areas, on plains and in savannas.
It is believed that the name Begonia was given by a monk traveler, who thus decided to perpetuate the name of one of the governors of that time (Michel Begon from the island of Tahiti), who paid for the entire expedition.
The open plant at that moment was called the royal flower. Apparently, the determining role in this name was played by such characteristics as the rich diversity of discovered species and amazing livability in different conditions.
It was this good survival rate that played a role later, when Begonia began to be bred en masse in indoor floriculture. It is known that most domesticated varieties of this flower are bred from those species that grow in the Antilles.
Many types of Begonia are well suited for growing in Russia not only indoors, but also in outdoor gardens and greenhouses. Despite this, there are specially bred varieties that are particularly resistant to cold and dry air.
Legends about the flower and interesting facts
Begonia is a very common flowering plant in the world. It has been known to man for a long time and is widely used not only as a decoration for homes and gardens, but also as a medicine or seasoning.
- In the Himalayas, among small ethnic groups, the secrets of preparing food seasonings from Begonia are passed on from generation to generation. It is also used to treat migraines.
- In China, they believe that Begonia appears on earth in the place where the tears of a woman in love fall.
- In Belgium, Begonia is used for flower festivals. Entire living pictures are grown from bushes: castles, fairy-tale scenes, etc.
Evidence that Begonia has been widespread in Russia since the beginning of the 19th century is the fact that another name for this flower has taken root among the people - “Napoleon’s ear”.
Most likely, sharp-tongued people named Begonia this way because of the inner side of the leaves of some varieties of the flower, which resemble the red tint and wrinkling of a frostbitten ear.
Types and varieties of flowers
It is known that Begonia has up to 1,600 different species in the wild, which sometimes have significant differences from each other in flowering, the shape of shoots, and roots.
For example, it is customary to distinguish between tuberous Begonias and those with creeping roots, thick or woody shoots, and bush varieties.
Not all species found in the wild are used for domestic breeding. For Russia, their own varieties are developed, which are sometimes distinguished by particularly strong immunity and resistance to low temperatures or sudden changes in humidity.
Begonia tuberous
This variety is preferred quite often. The reason is large double flowers of amazing beauty, very reminiscent of noble roses in shape and color.
The tuberous structure of the root provides the bush with a supply of necessary substances, and also forms resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions.
A bushy type of Begonia that, when grown indoors, can bloom all year round. Obviously, it is for this quality that such varieties are chosen.
The flowers of this species are not the most attractive: they are small, but frequent. But the leaves, as a rule, arouse genuine interest. Very often they are variegated, two-color, with a unique pattern on the outer plate.
Begonia Elatior
A special variety that blooms in the cold season - often in late autumn, less often - in December and January. Actually, this variety is valued for this quality - very few flowers bloom quietly in winter.
Therefore, much is forgiven to the Elatior variety. For example, it forms very frail shoots that need to be further strengthened and fixed. Begonia Elatior often requires additional illumination with artificial light and additional humidification of the air in the room for the entire flowering period.
Plant care and necessary growing conditions
In general, all Begonia care should be reduced to maintaining high humidity (maybe even more than normal) and normal lighting, but without direct sun exposure to the leaves and flowers. That is, you need to care for these flowers in the same way as any other from the tropical zone of the planet.
All Begonias are usually divided into flowering varieties (they form beautiful flowers) and decorative deciduous varieties (they bloom unremarkably, but are distinguished by unique leaves in shape and color). Accordingly, all these types require slightly different care.
Lighting
All Begonias love light. But in all cases he must be absent-minded. Of course, today especially resistant varieties have already been bred that can withstand direct exposure to even too hot sun. But for the most part, many varieties will wilt quickly in the sun.
Therefore, it is important to remember that flowering species should be well lit, but be sure to be protected from direct sun. And decorative deciduous plants should generally be in partial shade.
Temperature
Begonias love warmth, and this is the main idea that should be followed when choosing a permanent place for this flower.
In summer, the optimal temperature background is considered to be +24-25 o C, but higher is possible. The main thing is to sufficiently moisten the air and the surface of the plant if the weather is very hot.
In winter, during Begonia’s “hibernation,” you should not significantly lower the temperature around it. Recommended range: +14-18С o. If it gets colder, the flower may die quickly.
Watering and moistening
Maintaining humidity is the most important aspect of caring for Begonias. It is important to use settled water and always at room temperature.
In summer, the flower can be watered daily. During extreme heat, frequent spraying of the entire above-ground part from a spray bottle is added (up to 1-2 times a day). But it is important to remember that any falling drops should be removed from all flowers, otherwise the petals may quickly fall off.
In winter, Begonias are watered moderately and spraying is completely avoided. It is enough to moisten the soil 1-2 times a week.
Priming
The soil for Begonias should be nutritious, rich in micro and macroelements. A purchased mixture is suitable for decorative deciduous and begonias.
When preparing yourself, you need to take in equal parts turf soil, peat and black soil. And don’t forget about good drainage at the bottom of the pot - the soil should easily allow air and excess moisture to pass through.
Conclusion
Begonias have become so widespread in indoor floriculture for a reason. Despite its toxicity (the sap of the plant is considered dangerous), many gardeners invariably give preference to this unusual and amazingly beautiful flower.
Perhaps what is most attractive is the plant's unpretentiousness. Begonias really endure many unfavorable factors. Alternatively, the plant has spread widely due to its enormous diversity of species. In skillful hands, a home greenhouse consisting only of Begonias, but of different varieties, will definitely be able to impress any guest.
The most unpretentious begonias are root begonias. They do not need to have a dormant period like tuberous ones. However, the roots require care all year round. In winter they are fed, but less often than in summer; pruned in spring. Regardless of the type, all begonias grow well and delight with their decorative properties in high air humidity in combination with unflooded soil. In this connection, there are nuances of watering: as the soil dries, only in the pan, you cannot spray the leaves. How to care for a flower correctly in order to grow it as beautiful as in the photo in floriculture magazines?
Origin of begonia and distinctive features
There are more than 1 thousand species of begonias in nature. The largest number of varieties is found in South America, Asia (India, Himalayas, Sri Lanka) is in second place, and western Africa is in third place. There is an assumption that Africa is the birthplace of begonias, from here they spread to Asia and America. In the wild, plants are found in humid subtropics and mountains.
Begonia in the wild
The family was first described by the French botanist Charles Plumier. In 1683, under the leadership of the intendant of the French colonies, Michel Begon, he visited the islands of the Caribbean with an expedition. There the scientist discovered plants that were unknown at that time, gave them a description and named them after the organizer of the trip.
The begonias known today differ greatly from each other in size, shape, coloring of leaves and flowers. Some are perennial, others are annual. There are herbaceous and shrubby begonias, with creeping or thickened rhizomes. But there is also something in common that unites these plants into one family.
Characteristics of begonias:
- All types of begonias have an asymmetrical, oblique leaf;
- flowers are monoecious;
- perianths - brightly colored, unequal;
- the fruit with seeds looks like a capsule;
- all begonias grow in approximately the same natural conditions: diffused sunlight, high humidity, temperature +13... +22 ⁰C.
Video: the wealth of types and colors of a flower
Begonias - flowers for apartments, gardens and offices
As an ornamental crop, begonia has been developing since 1856, when breeders began to create its hybrids. Tuberous, large-flowering varieties appeared, the most famous ones being bred in Belgium. Keeping these plants at home is not too difficult, otherwise they would not be so popular. Begonias are grown in open ground and on window sills; they are used for landscaping residential premises and offices, in compositions and separately. Flowers are planted in baskets and pots to decorate walls, furniture, and are also used as ground cover plants. Ever-flowering varieties are suitable for any flower beds, even carpet ones. Tuberous varieties are grown on balconies, verandas, and enclosed courtyards.
Begonia as a decoration for buildings
Care at home has its own nuances, for example, tuberous plants require a period of rest. All begonias love moist air, but do not tolerate damp soil. However, any novice gardener can grow this plant. After all, if something went wrong and the begonia began to dry out, you can take a cutting or a leaf and start growing the begonia again, taking into account past mistakes. The culture is able to reproduce even with a piece of leaf, which very quickly turns back into a lush and beautiful indoor plant.
Varieties of root begonias
Everblooming
The main difference between the species is its constant flowering. You can plant such a plant in the garden in the summer, take it indoors for the winter, and it will bloom everywhere all year round. These are perennial herbaceous begonias. External signs, in addition to constant flowering, are rounded leaves and small height: tall - up to 36 cm, short - from 8 cm. Many varieties have been bred with green or burgundy leaves, white, yellow, pink or coral flowers, which, in turn, They can be terry (in the form of roses) or simple.
Examples of plants in the photo
Bada Bing WHITE 
Lucenec
Coral
Indoor herbaceous begonias bloom in early spring and fully justify their name. The flowers are painted in different shades of red, and the branched flower stalks hanging down under the weight of the buds are very similar to corals. The leaves also look romantic: elongated, matte, speckled, with jagged edges reminiscent of angel wings. Begonias look most impressive in pots on stands. They are very unpretentious in care. Bush height - up to 90 cm.
Peduncles resemble corals in both shape and color
Deciduous begonias
The species is famous for the decorativeness of its leaves, and the flowers of deciduous begonias are small and inconspicuous. These are often non-flowering perennial plants. They differ from other species in their capriciousness. So, leaf begonias cannot be kept in the open air, that is, these begonias love greenhouse conditions, high humidity, and diffused light. In the country house or on an open balcony they will die. The main feature of the species is large (15–20 cm) and beautiful leaves. They can be decorated with colored pearl spots, exquisite patterns, contrasting colors, silver glitter or mother-of-pearl shimmer. The stems are pubescent, the reverse side of the leaves usually has a red tint.
Photo gallery: Deciduous begonias
Begonia Royal Begonia Rex Masoniana Manikata Begonia Metallica Begonia Crednery Coralline Alba Pictta
Varieties of tuberous begonias
These begonias are grown in shady corners of the garden or on balconies. Their flowers are very beautiful, depending on the variety they look like roses, carnations, daffodils, peonies, and camellias. Stems are fleshy, translucent; leaves are asymmetrical, heart-shaped. Hidden underground is a rhizome that has grown into a tuber. In open ground, begonias bloom from June to September, and indoors from spring to December, then a dormant period begins. The above-ground part dries out, and the tuber is stored until the next season.
Photo gallery: Tuberous begonias
Begonia Summer in Peterhof Non-Stop Go-Go pink Tigantea Flora Plena Diantiflora Plena 
Crispa Marghinata
Elatior or hybrid begonias
Hybrid begonias were bred in England by crossing two species: root Socotrans (from the island of Socotra in the Indian Ocean) and tuberous. The result was a very beautiful plant, similar to a tuberous one, but with a regular root. Blooms in winter. Due to the compactness of the bush and the abundance of flowers, closely arranged in several tiers, this begonia is called a “bouquet in a pot.” With good care, Elatior blooms not only in winter, but almost continuously, for several months in a row. The most famous varieties: Elatior Borias, pleasing with pink double flowers with a white edge, and Elatior Baladin with flowers of different shades of pink: from white to red.
Photo gallery: Begonia Elatior
Elatior Borias Elatior Baladin 
Elatior mix
Ampelous begonias
Another type of luxurious indoor plants, the popularity of which has been growing in recent years. This group includes root, tuberous, and hybrids. They are united by one feature - hanging shoots strewn with flowers of different shapes and colors: white, yellow, red, orange, pink. The bright asymmetrical foliage also looks impressive. Ampelous varieties are planted in balcony boxes, flowerpots, and tall flowerpots.
Photo gallery: Ampelous begonias
Conditions for keeping begonias depending on the season - table
Rooted begonias in such conditions will bloom all year round or for many months (depending on the variety). For tuberous begonias, this table is only partially suitable. In autumn they are cut and stored for the winter in a dark and cool place (+12 ⁰C). Water once a month, only slightly moistening a strip of soil along the edge of the pot. At the end of February they put it out in the window, begin to water and feed it, like all other flowering varieties.
Video: Tuberous begonias: dormant period and cultivation
Planting begonias
In Europe and the USA, it is customary to buy flowering begonia, and after it has finished blooming, throw it away. But this option is not suitable for Russians; we like to replant, feed, change pots. Begonias are replanted in the spring, and this is the season when you need to buy them. Without transplanting into nutrient soil, purchased begonia will soon die. Indeed, in the store-bought version, peat serves as the soil, and the plant lives off of nutrient solutions. Therefore, immediately after purchase, the begonia needs to be replanted.
In the same store, along with the flower, you need to purchase:
- drainage (expanded clay stones);
- soil (for begonias, violets or universal for flowering peat-based crops);
- perlite, or vermiculite, or sphagnum moss (for additional looseness of the soil, but not necessary);
- a pot 3–4 cm wider and deeper than the one in which the begonia is sold; Required: tray and drainage holes.
Excess water in the pot causes the roots of begonias to rot and the flower to die. Therefore, the soil needs to be loose, breathable, and water should not stagnate in it. In addition, begonias love acidic and fertile soil. It is not recommended to take soil from the house, country house or forest. Such soil is almost always infested with diseases and insects, and its acidity is unknown.
Photo gallery: What is needed to transplant begonias
Drainage is necessary for roots to breathe 
Perlite serves as an additional leavening agent. Vermiculite is used instead of perlite or sphagnum to loosen the soil. 
Sphagnum moss, along with perlite and vermiculite, additionally loosens the soil Ready-made soil for begonias. If you don’t have it, a soil mixture for violets will do. 
Universal soil for flower crops The new pot should be of such a size that the old one can easily fit into it
Stages of begonia transplantation:
- Take a new pot and pour a 2-3 cm layer of drainage into it.
- If there is additional leavening agent (sphagnum, perlite, vermiculite), then add a few spoons to the pot (depending on the size of the pot and begonia).
- Remove the begonia from the old pot and shake off some peat or soil from the roots.
- Place the flower so that it is at the same depth and fill it with fresh soil.
Video: How to transplant begonia
After replanting a homemade begonia, not a store-bought one, that has overwintered in an apartment, radical pruning of the bush is necessary. Remove all shoots, leaving three or four. In some varieties, only one stem grows, so you don’t have to remove the excess, you just need to shorten it. Strongly elongated bare stems with leaves at the top are cut by a third. After this, the lower sleeping buds will wake up, and young shoots will also begin to grow. As a result, a lush bush will grow again.
Caring for begonias
Watering
The top dried layer is loosened. And only when the soil dries to a depth of 1–2 cm can it be poured into the pan. The ideal way is to place the pot in a container of water until the soil is completely saturated. Then the pot is returned to the tray, and the excess water that has leaked into it is drained. The frequency of watering depends on the conditions in which the begonia is kept: on a sunny window, an open balcony, in the garden. In the open air it is watered every day, in an apartment, on a shady closed balcony - once every 2-3 days. The condition of the soil should serve as a guide. The water must be softened. To do this, it is filtered and settled.
Water for watering begonias can be softened and made acidic using peat: 1 kg of peat in a fabric or gauze bag is infused for 24 hours in 10 liters of water.
In addition, begonia is demanding on air humidity, but its leaves cannot be sprayed. There are several ways to moisturize more gently: place cups of water next to the flower or pour sand, peat, expanded clay, moss into a tray and always keep this filler moist. In winter, place a damp cloth on the nearest radiator.
Feeding
Even ever-blooming begonias respond to the changing seasons. In autumn and winter, it becomes darker and cooler on the windowsills. The plant slows down. If you feed it during this period, the stems will become very elongated, the leaves will become tender and sensitive to diseases and pests. Therefore, begonias are fed often in summer, and once a month in winter.
Frequency of feeding depending on the season - table
Video: How to care for begonias
Why doesn't begonia bloom?
This question will never arise for a gardener who follows all the rules described above. If all the conditions are created for begonia: diffused light, watering without waterlogging and drying out the roots, the right temperature, regular feeding, then it will bloom exactly as much and even longer than the variety should. That is, evergreens are decorated with flowers all year round, Elatior - in winter, all other varieties begin to bloom in spring throughout the summer.
If only one nuance. Begonias are not long-lived, they delight with beautiful foliage and abundant flowering for only 2-3 years, and then you need to take a cutting or a leaf and plant a new begonia. The old one will no longer grow or bloom.
Begonia propagation
Handle
- Cut a cutting with a tip 6–10 cm long.
- Dust the cut area with crushed wood, activated carbon or ash.
- Plant in moist, loose begonia soil and cover with a jar.
- When the soil dries out, water it in a tray, like a regular begonia.
- If the outcome is favorable, the cutting will take root and begin to grow in 2–4 weeks.
- Gradually accustom the plant to the air in the room. You can place a peg under the neck of the jar to initially only ventilate the mini-greenhouse, and after 2-3 days remove the jar completely.
- If the cutting has dried out or rotted, repeat the experiment with another cutting.
This method can be used to propagate all begonias that have stems.
Leaf
If the begonia leaves are not large, you can grow a new plant from the leaf
- Using a sharp knife, cut off a healthy leaf right next to the cutting.
- Place the leaf in water with activated carbon (1 tablet per glass of water).
- If the petiole begins to rot, you need to cut it to a healthy place and change the water.
- As soon as young roots form, plant them in a permanent pot.
- When a new begonia begins to grow, the leaf will dry out.
This method is good for begonias with small leaves. Large ones take root very poorly, because they require a lot of nutrition, and young roots cannot cope with this task. Therefore, begonias with large leaves are propagated by leaf segments.
Part of a sheet
First way
The leaf is cut into segments, each with at least one vein.
- The leaf is cut into segments in the direction from the central vein to the edges. Each segment should have 1–3 veins.
- Place pieces of leaf on top of wet sand or peat; you can stick them into the ground with the cut side down.
- Cover with a plastic bag or plant each segment in a separate container and cover with jars.
- Keep the soil moist.
- The first sprouts may appear in 1–3 months.
- Gradually accustom the begonia to the air in the apartment and remove the shelter.
The sheet is cut across the veins
Second way
- Make cuts across the central vein and the thickest veins.
- Spread the leaf over the damp begonia soil.
- Press with stones.
- Cover the pot with film and place it in the same place where adult begonias grow.
- Keep the soil moist.
- When sprouts appear, gradually remove the cover.
Young plants appeared in the places of cuts
tuber
Tuberous begonia is also best propagated by cuttings or leaves. Manipulating tubers is very risky; you can lose the entire plant.
- At the end of February, after a period of dormancy, remove the tuber from the pot.
- If there are children, separate them and plant each in a separate pot.
- If there are sprouts on a tuber, divide it with a sharp knife so that each segment has a sprout.
- The sections are dusted with coal or ash.
- Deepen the tuber pieces halfway (sprouts up, cuts down).
- Cover with a jar and keep the soil moist.
- When the stems grow 7 cm long, bury the tuber completely.
Begonia tubers with sprouts
Seeds
Given the fact that begonias reproduce well vegetatively, growing from seeds is an illogical decision. However, flower growers also use this method if neither home nor friends have the required variety. Then you can buy seeds in a store or from breeders and try to grow a gorgeous flower from the smallest seed. Sowing the seeds is done in December-January so that the begonias bloom by spring-summer.
- Spread the seeds on the surface of moist begonia soil or in peat tablets. Press the seeds to the ground, but do not bury them.
- Set up a mini-greenhouse: cover with film, place in a disposable container with a lid, etc.
- After 2 weeks, if the soil does not dry out or become waterlogged, shoots will appear.
- Transfer the seedlings to the brightest window or illuminate them with lamps. Gradually remove the cover.
- When 2-3 true leaves appear, each plant can be transplanted into a pot.
Video: Propagation of begonia by seeds
Begonia diseases - table
| Disease | Symptoms | Prevention and treatment |
| Brown spots appear on the leaves, which are subsequently covered with a white powdery coating. The disease develops in rooms where it is too warm and dry. |
|
|
| The edges of the leaves turn yellow and dry out. The middle of the leaf remains green, but the veins turn black. | Cut off the damaged leaves, spray the begonia with a fungicide: Albit (1 ml per 10 liters of water), Maxim (5-6 drops per glass of water), etc. | |
| Sticky gray spots appear on the leaves. Over time, the leaves rot, followed by the stem. | Reduce watering and humidity, treat with a 1% solution of Fundazol or Euparen. |
Photo gallery: Begonia diseases
Powdery mildew: leaves are covered with a coating similar to flour Gray rot develops with excess humidity and low temperatures With vascular bacteriosis, the edges of the leaves dry out, then the veins turn black
Begonia pests - table
| Pest | Description | Ways to fight | |||||||||||||||||
| Spider mite | The leaves turn yellow and dry out. On the reverse side there is a noticeable cobweb with very small mites. | Treat with drug solutions: Actellik (2 ml per 1 liter of water), Bona Forte (ready-made spray) | |||||||||||||||||
| Shchitovka | A small brown insect (5 mm) is covered with a waxy coating, like a shell. It feeds on plant juices. Over time, the leaves become shiny and sticky. |
| Problem | Cause | How to fix |
| White or yellow spots on the leaves that dry out over time. | Sunburn | Move to a shady place. |
| The stems are elongated, the leaves are small and pale. | Lack of light | Move to a more illuminated window sill, but not in direct sunlight. |
| Leaves and stems rot. | Overmoistening | Can be saved by replanting in dry soil. Water only when the top layer of soil dries and only from below. |
| The leaves fade, dry out at the edges, and the bush falls apart. | Insufficient watering | Do not skip watering, completely soak the clod of soil. |
| The leaves are small, the plant does not develop, does not bloom or produces few flowers. | Not enough power | Plant only in soil suitable for begonias. Regularly feed with complex fertilizers. |
Photo gallery: Consequences of improper care of begonias
Burns on the leaves from direct sunlight Begonia does not have enough light: the stems stretch out, the leaves lose their bright color If the soil is too wet, the roots, stems and leaves rot Without watering, the begonia withers, the bush falls apart The leaves become smaller, the plant does not develop - the begonia needs to be fed
Although begonia is high maintenance, it is a plant that beginners can learn from. If you make a mistake and the flower dies, you can always cut off a cutting or leaf and grow a new begonia. But even with proper care, these plants do not live long. After 2–3 years of active growth, the decorative properties are lost: the stems become bare, the leaves become small, dry out, and the begonia does not bloom. Rejuvenation or planting of a new young plant is required.
While studying the nature of the West Indies, botanist Charles Plumier saw a flower of amazing beauty and was amazed by the grace of the flowering bush. It was a begonia. Unique varieties of this amazing plant still impress today with their diversity. Thanks to its special characteristics, garden begonia, which does not cause much trouble when planted and cared for in open ground, has become a favorite all over the world.
Garden begonia is a plant that retains its attractiveness throughout the entire period of active growth. The varieties impress not only with their unique colors and flower shapes, but also with their delicate foliage.
Its natural habitat is humid and warm tropics and subtropics. Beautiful bushes prefer nutritious soils and moist air, partial shade with sufficient light.
Begonia in open ground is a perennial with annual flowering. It can look like a vine or bush. Planted as a tuber. When creating exclusive landscapes, three decorative flowering plants are used, which number hundreds of varieties:
- tubergybrida - 30 cm bush, decorated with double and single flowers. Thanks to the painstaking work of breeders, many colors have been developed. Tuberous begonia, planted and cared for in the garden in compliance with the rules of agricultural technology, will delight you with lush flowering throughout the warm period. The plant blooms from May to October. Depending on the variety, begonia has flowers with a diameter of 6-21 cm.
Important! When growing tuberous begonia for the winter, the plant must be kept in a greenhouse.
When choosing a variety to grow in the garden, you should be guided by the characteristics and requirements for cultivation.
Planting begonias in a flower bed
Begonia in open ground does not require special care. Even beginners can grow it successfully. But nonetheless For full development, you must strictly adhere to the rules of agricultural technology.
Begonia is planted in a permanent place of growth in the spring, when the threat of morning frosts has passed. Professionals recommend planting tuberous specimens after preliminary germination in a greenhouse. Ever-blooming varieties are planted in a flowerbed as soon as the first buds appear. This creates a decorative flower bed with early flowering.
Rules for planting tuberous begonia:
Tubers germinate very quickly. Sprouts appear above the soil surface already in the first week. Caring for begonia before planting consists of regular watering and adding nutrients no more than once every 10 days.
Basic rules for caring for garden begonia
Outdoor begonias require the following simple rules regarding care and cultivation:
As you can see, caring for begonia in the garden is very simple. Even beginners can successfully cope with cultivation. Beautiful flowers will delight you with abundant blooms throughout the warm period.
Reproduction methods
Begonia, which is properly cared for in the garden, is suitable for... They use different methods for obtaining new planting material:
When planting begonias in the country, it is necessary to take into account that care should include prevention against pests and plant diseases. Troubles can arise if the rules of agricultural technology are not followed. Frequent pests are aphids and spider mites. To exterminate them, insecticides or traditional methods are used (if the number of pests is small). Infusions made from garlic stalks or onion peels are effective.
Secrets to successfully growing garden begonias:
The combination of blooming begonia and green lawn allows you to create beautiful flower beds. The tubers are planted next to the borders. The proximity to low-growing shrubs that protect the plant from sunlight also wonderfully decorates the summer cottage.
Begonia is a beautiful plant that makes a garden plot individual and sophisticated. Having planted a plant once, gardeners never give it up.
Plant begonia (lat. Begonia) forms the most famous and largest genus of the Begoniaceae family. The genus includes about 1,000 species of plants growing in the mountains at altitudes of 3,000 to 4,000 meters above sea level, in tropical rainforests and subtropical regions. Most begonia species can be found in South America. Begonias also grow in the Himalayas, the mountains of India, Sri Lanka, the Malay Archipelago and western Africa. Moreover, there is an opinion that Africa is the birthplace of begonias, which then spread to Asia and America. Even today, more than a third of all species of the genus grow in Africa.
Begonias were discovered and described in the 17th century by the monk Charles Plumier, who took part in an expedition to the Antilles to collect plants. He discovered six species of begonia and named them after his friend Michel Begon, the governor of the island of Haiti. Today, the begonia flower is one of the most popular plants in both garden and indoor floriculture. In this article we will tell you about how to care for begonias at home: how to plant begonias, what are the conditions for caring for begonias, how begonias propagate at home, and we will give a lot more important and interesting information about these beautiful plants.
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Planting and caring for begonia
- Bloom: some species are grown as ornamental foliage plants, and flowering begonias can bloom at any time.
- Lighting: bright diffused light (eastern and western window sills).
- Temperature: the optimal temperature is 18 ˚C, but in summer begonia can withstand higher temperatures.
- Watering: balanced: usually moderate and not very frequent, in heat and drought - plentiful. Between waterings, the substrate in the pot should dry to a depth of 1.5 cm. In winter, watering is noticeably reduced, and tuberous plant species are not watered at all.
- Air humidity: increased, but it is not advisable to spray the flower; it is better to keep it on a tray with wet pebbles or expanded clay.
- Feeding: flowering begonias - 2 times a month with a solution of a mineral complex for flowering indoor plants, and during the budding period - with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers such as Pollen, Bud or Ovary. Deciduous begonia species are fed in the same regime with a complex for decorative deciduous indoor plants.
- Rest period: in evergreen species it is weakly expressed, and tuberous species rest for a long time: from mid-autumn the leaves die off, so feeding the tuberous begonia is stopped, watering is reduced, and when the above-ground part dies off completely, the pots with tubers are stored until the start of the new growing season in a dark room at a temperature of 10 -15˚C. But even if the tuberous begonia does not intend to rest, you need to force it to do so: reduce watering and stop feeding.
- Transfer: as needed in early spring. Large plants can be divided when transplanted.
- Reproduction: seeds, leaf cuttings, division of rhizomes or tubers.
- Pests: aphids, nematodes and red spider mites.
- Diseases: gray rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, black root rot.
Read more about growing begonias below.
Home begonia - care conditions
In addition to more than 1000 species of begonia, there are about 2000 thousand hybrid forms of this plant, so it is very difficult to give an average botanical description of the genus, especially since begonias in different classifications are divided into decorative deciduous and decorative flowering, evergreen and deciduous, annual and perennial , tall and creeping, tuberous and rhizomatous. Many species and varieties of begonia are grown indoors, so first we will talk about how to care for home begonia and in what conditions it should be kept, and we will give a description of the plants in the section on species and varieties.
Caring for begonia at home
How to care for begonia
Indoor begonia loves constancy, so determine a place for it in the apartment once and for all - well-lit, but without direct sunlight. Blooming begonia especially needs bright lighting, so the best place for representatives of the begonia genus is the window sills of windows facing east or west. The optimal temperature for the plant in both winter and summer is 18 ºC, but in summer begonia can tolerate higher temperatures.
Accustomed to tropical conditions, domestic begonia loves high air humidity, but it is still better not to spray it, since brown spots then appear on its leaves. To prevent the plant from suffering from dry air, especially in winter when heating devices are running at full power, place the begonia pot on an inverted tray inserted into a larger tray. Place expanded clay around the smaller tray and keep it wet all the time so that the evaporating water creates the necessary level of humidity around the plant.
Decorative begonia does not tolerate crowding, so when placing the plant on the windowsill next to other flowers, try to take into account its maximum size. Begonia needs regular ventilation, but the plant reacts to drafts, as well as to air temperatures that are too high or too low, by withering and dropping flowers and leaves.
Pots and soil for begonias
Planting and caring for home begonias begins with choosing a container for growing the plant. Begonias need small and preferably ceramic pots, which are only 3-4 cm in diameter larger than the root system of the plant, because in containers that are too spacious, begonias can suffer from waterlogging and bloom late. Soil for begonias can be purchased at a flower shop, or you can mix it yourself from two parts of leaf soil with the addition of one part each of high-moor peat, sand and humus, or turf soil. The optimal acidity of the substrate for begonia should be within the pH range of 5.5-6.5.
Planting begonias
When planting begonia, a third of the volume of the pot is filled with drainage material, and a layer of charcoal 2-3 cm thick is placed on top of it to prevent rot. Then the begonia with an earthen lump is placed in the pot and all voids are filled with soil mixture. After planting, the begonia is watered. Planting is carried out in the spring, from mid-March, when sufficient illumination and daylight hours are established for plant development. Before planting, tuberous begonias should be germinated in boxes without being buried in the substrate, in a bright place at a temperature of 16-18 ºC and at high humidity - 60-70%.
Watering begonias
Caring for begonia at home requires balanced hydration of the plant. The indoor begonia flower is moisture-loving, but this does not mean that it needs to be watered often. It is much more important to create a sufficient level of air humidity for begonia, otherwise the tips of the plant’s leaves will dry out.
Abundant watering will only be required on hot summer days, but care must be taken to ensure that water does not stagnate in the roots of the begonia. For irrigation, use water that has been left standing for 24 hours at room temperature. The plant requires moisture when its earthen ball has dried to a depth of 1.5 cm. In winter, watering is reduced, and tuberous plant species do not need watering at all in winter.
Fertilizing begonias
Caring for home begonia involves adding fertilizer to the soil. Decorative flowering begonia species are fertilized from the moment the buds form twice a month with liquid complex fertilizer for flowering plants. In the phase of ovary formation, fertilizing is carried out with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers - Bud, Ovary, Pollen. Only decorative deciduous begonias need nitrogen fertilizers - if you feed flowering species with them, the begonia may not bloom.
Replanting begonias
Caring for and growing begonias requires timely replanting of the plant, and this is carried out in early spring, before intensive growth begins. The roots hanging from the drain holes will tell you that it is time to transplant the begonia into a larger pot.
The begonia is removed from the pot, carefully cleaned of old peat, the root system is placed for half an hour in a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, then the roots are carefully washed to remove any remaining substrate with settled water, rotten areas are removed, the roots are allowed to dry and planted in a larger pot in the order which we have already described. The transplanted plant is returned to its permanent place and watered frequently at first.
Young begonias tolerate the procedure easily, but replanting more mature plants is much more difficult due to the fragile leaves that have grown, so as soon as the plant turns 3 years old, it is divided into several parts.
Begonia in winter
The dormant period in evergreen begonia species is weak, and tuberous species require a long rest. How to care for begonias in winter? Caring for home begonias during the dormant period depends on the type of plant. Bush and ornamental species are kept at a temperature of 15-22 ºC, maintaining high air humidity - for this, the batteries are covered with wet towels or air humidifiers are installed.
Tuberous begonias prepare for a dormant period from mid-autumn - their leaves dry out and die, so watering must be reduced, and when the above-ground part of the plants completely dies, the pots with tubers are transferred to a dark room until the end of winter and stored at a temperature of 10-15 ºC. Sometimes tuberous begonia behaves as if it is not going to rest, and in order for it to bloom profusely next year, you will have to force it to rest: greatly reduce watering and cut off the above-ground part.
Indoor begonia - propagation
How to propagate begonia
Begonia propagates by seeds and vegetatively - by leaf cuttings, stems, division of a bush or rhizome (tuber). It is easier and more reliable to propagate begonia vegetatively.
Growing begonia from seeds
Growing begonia from seeds is not a labor-intensive process and does not take much time. At the end of February or beginning of March, small begonia seeds are sown on the surface of a light, loose substrate without embedding them in the soil, after which they are placed in a warm, bright place and covered with film or glass. Watering is carried out in a tray or by spraying from a spray bottle. As soon as the seedlings appear, the covering is removed, and when the seedlings develop 3-4 leaves, they are picked. After two months, the seedlings are planted in separate pots. Begonia blooms from seeds in the first year, but for this it may need additional lighting.
Reproduction of begonia by dividing the rhizome (tuber)
Deciduous begonia reproduces by dividing the rhizome. To do this, in the spring, the plant is removed from the ground, the rhizome is cut into pieces with a sharp knife, each of which must contain roots and at least one shoot or bud. The sections are treated with crushed coal, after which parts of the rhizome are planted in separate pots.
A tuber of an adult begonia can also be divided into parts and, after drying the sections a little and treating them with crushed coal, plant the sections in separate pots.
Propagation of begonias by cuttings
Propagation of begonias by cuttings is the easiest of the vegetative methods. Cuttings with 3-4 leaves are cut from the plant, their sections are treated with charcoal to prevent rotting, after which the cuttings are planted in a substrate of sand, peat and leaf soil in equal parts and placed in a bright, warm place, protected from direct sunlight. Begonia cuttings are watered moderately - the substrate should have time to dry out between waterings to a depth of 1-2 cm. Rooting can be done simply in water. The roots of the cuttings grow within a month.
Begonia propagation by leaf
Since many types of begonia are distinguished by large and dense leaves, they can be propagated by leaf cuttings, using either a whole leaf or part of it. When propagating by a whole leaf, the main veins are cut on the underside of the plate, the bottom side of the leaf is laid on pre-calcined wet sand and secured in this position. The soil is moistened through a tray. After two months, roots grow from the veins in the places where the cuts are made, and then new plants grow. When small begonias get stronger and begin to grow, they are separated and planted in a soil mixture of equal parts of peat, sand and deciduous soil.
Pests and diseases of begonia
At home, begonia can be damaged by aphids, nematodes and red spider mites. Aphids and mites feed on the plant's cell sap, causing begonia to lose its attractiveness and lag behind in development. 2-3 treatments with Actellik or Karbofos with an interval of 7-10 days can rid the plant of aphids, and mites can be destroyed with Decis, Derris or other insectoacaricides. There is no treatment for nematodes, during whose life processes the begonia leaves become discolored and swellings form on the roots - the flower will have to be thrown away.
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Useful tips
Description of the plant
From late spring to mild autumn, our balconies, flower beds and front gardens are decorated with charming Begonia bushes with delicate buds and bright carved leaves.
Indoor Begonia can delight owners with its beautiful appearance all year round. Usually a wide variety of species are planted in pots.
This is one of the most popular indoor plants.Begonia care at home requires a certain amount of time and attention.
Begonia began to be used about 200 years ago for decorative purposes and continue to do so to this day.
This flower perfectly decorates our window sills, gardens, squares and parks.
Read also: How to care for a Christmas star flower (Poinsettia)
The most common is considered Begonia tuberous. It is distinguished by its gorgeous large and beautiful flowers.
This is an indoor plant that blooms not only in summer, but also in winter..
Begonia- a herbaceous plant, about three centimeters high, with very beautiful dense foliage of all shades of green, as well as varying in size.
The leaf is particularly asymmetrical: one side is always smaller than the other.
Flowering plant species have stunning, bright and large flowers a variety of shades of warm tones. They resemble roses in shape and can be regular or double.
Today, thanks to various crossings, many species of this wonderful flower are known.
What to look for when buying a plant
When purchasing, always be very careful when choosing a plant.. In order for it to please you for a long time, it is important to choose a healthy flower.
Pay attention to the leaves, which should be firm and free of any spots. Leaves should be checked for insects or cobwebs. Experienced flower growers advise buying specimens with half-opened buds, because when the tropical guest gets used to the new home conditions, she will begin to delight you with lush flowering, and a plant with flowers in a new environment may shed its inflorescences.
If you prefer to grow Begonia from tubers, they should be selected small and elastic. If they have brown spots, you should refuse to purchase, as this is one of the signs of improper care of the tuber.
If it so happens that you purchased a plant with pests, then try to immediately neutralize them and revive the plant. To do this, place it in the shade and treat it with preparations specially designed for this. Just remember to separate the flower from other plants so that they cannot become infected. Do not disturb the purchased flower for about a week, then surround it with complete care and proper care, from which your tropical guest will certainly perk up.
Flower care at home
Soil and pot
When buying a pot for Begonia, it should be taken into account that it should be several centimeters larger than the diameter of the earthen ball, since in pots that are too large, the roots of the plant may suffer from excess moisture content. And the plant itself will very slowly form future buds.
The soil for the plant must be special. For this purpose, it is better to purchase it in flower shops. But, you can also cook it yourself.
To prepare the required soil, you need to mix two parts of leaf soil with one part of humus, sand and peat.
Read also: How to care for the Decembrist (Schlumbergera) flower at home
Landing
Carrying out the process of planting a plant in a pot, be sure to ensure that excess water is drained from the roots. To do this, place a good layer of drainage on the bottom of the pot, and be sure to pour a layer of coal on top, which will act as a disinfectant material.
After this, place the seedling in the center of the pot together with a lump of earth, and fill the resulting free space with substrate.
Lighting
This plant loves to be under bright light. It is the flowering specimens of the plant that usually need light the most. But from excessive rays of the sun in the heat Begonia It should still be shaded so that it does not suffer from burns.
Begonias Decorative leaf varieties usually need diffused lighting. It is recommended to place the plant on the western or eastern side of the windowsill.
This plant loves warmth very much. The air temperature in the room in warm weather should be maintained about 22 degrees, and in winter - about 18.
Watering
Begonia, which grows indoors, needs to be watered quite often, once a day. But before each watering of the plant, you should carefully inspect the tray and the soil itself. In no case should water be allowed to stagnate in a pot or tray, otherwise the root system of the plant will begin to rot due to excessive waterlogging of the soil, and the flower, despite the best care for it, may die one way or another.
In winter, watering is reduced to once, maximum twice every seven days. The plant needs to be watered only when the top layer Begonias dry to 15 mm.
Try to water any house plants only with settled water at room temperature, and Begonia, including.
Indoor air humidity
Begonia prefers high humidity. air in the apartment. In nature, this flower grows in the tropics, where the air humidity is 70%, and therefore, in our conditions, it is necessary to create the maximum humidity for the plant. You can create such conditions indoors by spraying from a spray bottle.
As a rule, it is not the plant itself that is moistened, but the air around it. Begonia You need to spray very carefully, through a very fine sprayer, otherwise the drops will leave very unsightly spots on the leaves.
Read also: How to care for a Cyclamen flower at home
It is best to place these plants on small pallets with wet expanded clay. If you have a humidifier, it is ideal for this purpose.
Plant nutrition
As the earth becomes depleted over time, for good care of Begonia It is necessary to use a vitamin supplement at home, which is recommended to be added once every six months during flowering.
Nitrogen fertilizer is more suitable for deciduous plant varieties. This additive improves the growth of leaves, and the flowering process slows down a little.
By following these simple rules, you can perfectly maintain the plant at home. Only with proper care will Begonia be able to delight with abundance leaves and flowers.
Transfer
* Do not try to replant a plant you have just purchased and brought into your home. The plant will withstand the stress of changing its place of residence. and will be sick for a very long time, postponing flowering to a later date, and the flowering period itself will noticeably decrease.
* You need to replant the plant only when you notice that there is not enough space for the roots to grow, and they begin to peek out in the drainage holes.
* When replanting, choose a pot two centimeters larger than the previous one.
* First of all, a layer of small pebbles should be placed on the bottom, then covered with a two-centimeter layer of the desired soil.
* Now you should crush the old pot on all sides and carefully remove the bush from it, being careful not to harm the roots. If necessary, the root ball should be untangled with a wooden stick, carefully straightening it.
* When you have moved the plant to a new pot, you can now cover its roots with new soil, compacting it a little.
* Now you need to water the plant with soft water.
* After transplantation, the plant will be under stress for some time. There is no need to put it in another place or move it at all. Give him time to get used to the new conditions. It usually takes about one month for a transplanted plant to adapt.
Reproduction of Begonia in different ways
Once the plant has grown a bit, it's time to talk about propagation. Typically this process is carried out in several different ways:
1. Leaf propagation
With this method, you need to select a healthy and strong leaf and cut it along the veins so that each specimen has two veins.
As soon as you notice the appearance of the first sprouts, begin to gradually accustom them to room air. To do this, you need to open them from the film for 15 minutes and then close them again. Try to increase the time interval each time.
2. Propagation by stem cuttings
This type of propagation is suitable for Begonia that have a stem. It is necessary to cut a good cutting, which has two or three leaves. The leaves located at the bottom should be removed immediately, and the upper large leaves should be cut in half. Treat the resulting cuts thoroughly with charcoal.
Prepare a pot of soil for Begonia and with the same amount of sand, insert the cutting into it, deepening it to the very leaves. On top you need to cover it with a plastic bottle, cut in half.
After about one month, new leaves will appear on the plant. Will bloom after this Begonia in about two months.
3. Reproduction by dividing the bush
This plant can be propagated using rhizomes. In this case, you need to remove the plant from the pot and soak the roots in water for a while. After this, the rhizome should be carefully divided into parts so that each has a sprout or bud.
All excess unnecessary leaves and inflorescences should be removed. Be sure to treat all cuts with charcoal.
Now the plant can be planted in different pots and watered thoroughly.
4. Propagation by seeds
This method is not considered the most popular due to the fact that not all seeds usually germinate or may be viable. However, this method is also used.
To do this, prepare a substrate in advance, into which the seeds are then sown. They are not covered with earth from above, but simply sprayed with water from a spray bottle and covered with either glass or film, as is convenient for you. From time to time, the film is lifted to allow the soil to ventilate, thereby preventing the soil from becoming waterlogged.
The grown sprouts should be thinned out, wait until they are well strengthened, and you can transplant them into separate pots.
5. Propagation of tuberous Begonia
When autumn comes, the leaves of the flower are cut off, the tubers are removed from the soil, well cleaned from the soil, and then thoroughly dried.
In the spring, in May, the tubers need to be cut into a small number of parts. Make sure that roots and sprouts remain on each part of the tuber.
The side that was cut must be dipped in charcoal and placed in peat. There is no need to deepen them, since a small part of the tubers should be on the surface of the soil. Make sure that the peat does not have the opportunity to dry out. The temperature in the room below should not drop below 12 degrees.